初一英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總.doc

初一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：重要語(yǔ)法重要語(yǔ)法1.人稱代詞的用法;2. 祈使句;3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法;4.動(dòng)詞have的用法;5.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成和用法;6.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法【名師講解】1. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.Thats right意為對(duì)的，表示贊同對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)、看法或行為，肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如：I think we must help the old man.我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。Thats right.或 Youre right.說(shuō)得對(duì)。Thats all right.意為不用謝、沒(méi)關(guān)系，用來(lái)回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如：Many thanks. Thats all right.Sorry. Its broken. Thats all right.All right.意為行了、可以，表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示身體很好Please tell me about it. 請(qǐng)把此事告訴我。All right.好吧。Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎2. make/do這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為做，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make指做東西或制東西，do指做一件具體的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎?Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口語(yǔ)化的最普通的一個(gè)詞，意為說(shuō)出、說(shuō)道，著重所說(shuō)的話。如：I want to go there by bus , he said . 他說(shuō)，我要坐汽車到那里去。Please say it in English .請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。speak : 說(shuō)話，著重開(kāi)口發(fā)聲，不著重所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ) ) 。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能說(shuō)說(shuō)他的情況?I dont like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說(shuō)話。speak 作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí)，只能和某種語(yǔ)言等連用，表達(dá)在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。talk : 與 speak 意義相近，也著重說(shuō)話的動(dòng)作，而不著重所說(shuō)的話，因此，一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞， 不過(guò)，talk 暗示話是對(duì)某人說(shuō)的，有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。tell : 告訴，除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如：Hes telling me a story.他在給我講故事。tell a lie 撒謊tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作做飯解，屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語(yǔ)：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 買些東西do some reading 讀書do some writing 寫些東西do some fishing 釣魚從以上短語(yǔ)可引申出另一類短語(yǔ)，不能用some, much或定冠詞。go shopping 去買東西go fishing 去釣魚go boating 去劃船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth. 與like to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛(ài)好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性;后來(lái)表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如：He likes playing football, but he doesnt like to play football with Li Ming.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表其余的，別的，Have you any other questions?你還有其他問(wèn)題嗎?others 別的人，別的東西In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美國(guó)人,其他的是法國(guó)人。the other表另一個(gè)(二者之中)one，the otherOne of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。another表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些There is room for another few books on the shelf.書架上還可以放點(diǎn)書。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 與 on the tree.譯成中文均為在樹上但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事(不屬于樹本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西)落在樹上，表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹上時(shí)，要使用on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹上有些蘋果。There is a bird in the tree. 那棵樹上有只鳥。8. some/ any(1)some和 any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要注意。some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isnt any water in the glass.(2)在說(shuō)話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問(wèn)句中，或在表示請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)的疑問(wèn)句中，我們依然用some。如：Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high(1)說(shuō)人，動(dòng)物，樹木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用high，例如a tall woman 一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女a(chǎn) tall horse 一個(gè)高大的馬(2)說(shuō)一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí)，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上時(shí)，飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí)，例如：He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹上。The plane is so high in the sky. 飛機(jī)在空中這么高。(3)指建筑物、山時(shí)要tall或high都可以，不過(guò)high的程度比tall高。(4)high可作副詞，tall不能。(5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.10. can/ could(1) can表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的能力。例如：Can you ride a bike? 你會(huì)騎自行車嗎?What can I do for you? 要幫忙嗎?Can you make a cake?你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎?(2) can用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人的懷疑猜測(cè)或不肯定。例如：Where can he be?他會(huì)在什么地方呢?Can the news be true?這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎?It surely cant be six oclock already?不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧?You cant be hungry so soon，Tom，youve just had lunch.湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過(guò)午飯。What can he mean?他會(huì)是什么意思?在日常會(huì)話中，can可代替may表示允許，may比較正式。例如：You can come in any time.你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)。- Can I use your pen?我能用你的鋼筆嗎?- Of course，you can.當(dāng)然可以。You can have my seat，Im going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3) couldcould 是 can的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去有過(guò)的能力和可能性(在否定和疑問(wèn)句中)。例如：The doctor said he could help him.(能力)醫(yī)生說(shuō)他能幫助他。Lily could swim when she was four years old.(能力)當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。At that time we thought the story could be true.(可能性)那時(shí)我們以為所說(shuō)的可能是真的。could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：Could I speak to John，please?我能和約翰說(shuō)話嗎?Could you?在口語(yǔ)中表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour?請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎?Could you please ring again at six?六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打電話好嗎?(4) can的形式只有現(xiàn)在式can和過(guò)去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過(guò)去兩種時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)也能表示將來(lái)。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)(包括將來(lái)時(shí))須用be able to加動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表示。例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing.他們沒(méi)有能到北京來(lái)。11. look for/ findlook for 意為尋找，而find意為找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)找這一動(dòng)作，并不注重找的結(jié)果，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果。例如：She cant find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch，but he cant find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒(méi)能找到。12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping 表示動(dòng)作，意思是正在睡覺(jué);be asleep 表示狀態(tài)，意思是睡著了。如：-What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么?-They are sleeping.他們正在睡覺(jué)。The children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13. often/ usually/sometimesoften表示經(jīng)常，sometimes表示有時(shí)候，在表示發(fā)生頻率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。這三個(gè)詞表示的是經(jīng)常性，一般性的動(dòng)作或情況，常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，常位于主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞)的后面，有時(shí)也可位于句尾。如果要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，則放在句首。We usually play basketball after school.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有時(shí)，我睡覺(jué)很早。He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語(yǔ)。14. How much/ How manyhow much常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某一商品的價(jià)格，常見(jiàn)句式是How much is / are?How much is the skirt? 這條裙子多少錢?How much are the bananas? 這些香蕉多少錢?how much后加不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量，意為多少，how many后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀?How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少人?15. be good for/ be good to/ be good atbe good for 表示對(duì)有好處，而be bad for表示對(duì)有害;be good to表示對(duì)友好，而be bad to表示對(duì)不好;be good at表示擅長(zhǎng)，在方面做得好，而be bad at表示在方面做得不好。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多對(duì)你的身體有害。Miss Li is good to all of us.李老師對(duì)我們所有的人都很友好。The boss is bad to his workers.這個(gè)老板對(duì)他的工人不好。Li Lei is good at drawing, but Im bad at it.李雷擅長(zhǎng)畫畫，但是我不擅長(zhǎng)。16. each/ everyeach 和every都有每一個(gè)的意思，但含義和用法不相同。each從個(gè)體著眼，every從整體著眼。each 可用于兩者或兩者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。We each have a new book.我們每人各有一本新書。There are trees on each side of the street.街的兩旁有樹。He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。each可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞;every只能用作形容詞。Each of them has his own duty.他們各人有各人的義務(wù)。They each want to do something different.他們每個(gè)人都想做不同的事情。17. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示說(shuō)話者的能力，還有自然現(xiàn)象;而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(構(gòu)成方式為am/is /are/+doing)。I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作業(yè)。Im doing my homework now.我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等詞連用;而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等連用。We often clean the classroom after school.我們經(jīng)常放學(xué)后打掃教室。Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看!他們正在打掃教室呢。初一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：句式二、句式1.陳述句肯定陳述句a) This is abook. (be動(dòng)詞)b) He looksvery young. (連系動(dòng)詞)c) I want asweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d) I can bringsome things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句a) These arent their books.b) They dontlook nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School.d) Kate cant findher doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in,please.否定祈使句a)Dont be late. b) Dont hurry.3. 疑問(wèn)句1) 一般疑問(wèn)句a) Is Jim astudent?b) Can I helpyou?c) Does shelike salad?d) Do theywatch TV?e) Is shereading?肯定回答:a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, sheis.否定回答:a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 選擇疑問(wèn)句 Is the table big or small?回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑問(wèn)句問(wèn)年齡How old is Lucy? She is twelve.問(wèn)種類What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.問(wèn)身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.問(wèn)方式How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is .問(wèn)原因Why do you want to join the club?問(wèn)時(shí)間Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time doyou usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do youwant to go? Lets go at 7:00.問(wèn)地方Wheres my backpack? Its underthe table.問(wèn)顏色What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black.問(wèn)人物Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boyin blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisaand Tim talking to?問(wèn)東西Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What else canyou see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問(wèn)姓名 Whats your auntsname? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your family name? My family names Smith.12 問(wèn)哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問(wèn)字母What letter is it? Its big D/small f.14 問(wèn)價(jià)格How much are these pants? Theyre 15dollars.15 問(wèn)電話號(hào)碼 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 問(wèn)謂語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作) Whats hedoing? Hes watching TV.17 問(wèn)職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your father? Hes a doctor.初一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)三、時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：Be 動(dòng)詞：Shes a worker. Is she aworker? She isnt a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：Ican play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cantplay the piano.行為動(dòng)詞：Theywant to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nicewatch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball.Nancyis writing a letter. Is Nancywriting a letter? Nancy isnt writing aletter.Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music?They arent listening to the pop music.初一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：句子構(gòu)成一、主語(yǔ)(subject):句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. (名詞)He likes dancing. (代詞)Twenty years is a short time in history.(數(shù)詞)Seeing is believing. (動(dòng)名詞)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主語(yǔ)從句)It is very clear that the elephant isround and tall like a tree.(It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ))二、謂語(yǔ)(predicate):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征We study English.He is asleep.三、表語(yǔ)(predicative):系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。He is a teacher. (名詞)Seventy-four! You dont look it. (代詞)Five and five is ten. (數(shù)詞)He is asleep. (形容詞)His father is in. (副詞)The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語(yǔ))My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容詞化的分詞)To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, Icant buy a ring. ” (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表語(yǔ)從句)常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))， look(看起來(lái))， feel(摸起來(lái))，smell(聞起來(lái))，taste(嘗、吃起來(lái))， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感覺(jué)) .It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.四、賓語(yǔ)：1)動(dòng)作的承受者動(dòng)賓I likeChina. (名詞)He hates you. (代詞)How many do you need? We need two. (數(shù)詞)We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. (動(dòng)名詞)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (賓語(yǔ)從句)2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞介賓Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3) 雙賓語(yǔ)間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.五、賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。We elected him monitor. (名詞)We all think it a pity that she didntcome here. (名)We will make them happy. (形容詞)We found nobody in. (副詞)Please make yourself at home. (介詞短語(yǔ))Dont let him do that. (省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazyboy a lesson. (帶to不定式)Dont keep the lights burning. (現(xiàn)在分詞)Ill have my bike repaired. (過(guò)去分詞)六、主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy alesson. 七、定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)He is our friend. (代詞)We belong to the third world. (數(shù)詞)He was advised to teach the lazy boy alesson.(形容詞)The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)The woman with a baby in her arms is mysister. (介詞)The boys playing football are in Cla2. (現(xiàn)在分詞)The trees planted last year are growingwell now. (過(guò)去分詞)I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)You should do everything that I do. (定語(yǔ)從句)八、狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。(以下例句按上述順序排列) I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in themeetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hotweather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed inthe exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pathe exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.初一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：詞匯1. 形容詞的用法：形容詞用以修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征。在句中可以作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，用于限定被修飾語(yǔ)的特征，如長(zhǎng)短、大小、重量、顏色、高矮、胖瘦、新舊等?！跋薅ㄔ~”包括：冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、或數(shù)詞，它位于各類形容詞前。它本身分為三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定詞有all、half、both、分?jǐn)?shù)和倍數(shù);中位限定詞有冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞等;后位限定詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，但序數(shù)詞位于基數(shù)詞前。如:both my hands、all half his income等?！懊枥L”性形容詞如：beautiful、bad、cold、great等。“大長(zhǎng)高”表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等一些詞。表示“形狀”的詞如：round square等。“國(guó)籍”指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的詞?！安牧稀钡脑~如：wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。“作用類別”的詞如：medical, college，writing desk，police car等。The little girl is very pretty. 這個(gè)小女孩很好看。-I want that one. 我想要那個(gè)。-Which one? 哪一個(gè)?-The new blue one. 那個(gè)藍(lán)色新的。Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那個(gè)大的漂亮的嗎?2、人稱代詞：是用來(lái)表示人的代詞，有單數(shù)和負(fù)數(shù)之分，有主格和賓格之分。人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語(yǔ);人稱代詞的賓格在句中作賓語(yǔ)，是作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。主格：I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主語(yǔ)賓格：me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作賓語(yǔ)He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一個(gè)班級(jí)。Can you see them in the street? 你能看見(jiàn)他們?cè)诮稚蠁?3、可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞英語(yǔ)中名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。凡是可數(shù)計(jì)數(shù)的名詞叫做可數(shù)名詞;凡是不可以計(jì)數(shù)的名詞叫做不可數(shù)名詞。(1)可數(shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式?？蓴?shù)名詞前可以用不定冠詞、數(shù)詞或some many等修飾。如：a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens(2)不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，前面不能用不定冠詞、數(shù)詞或many等詞語(yǔ)修飾，但可以用some a little much等詞語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾。有時(shí)可以與一些量詞短語(yǔ)搭配，這些量詞短語(yǔ)中的名詞一般是可數(shù)的，有單數(shù)形式，也可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water初一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：祈使句祈使句：祈使句用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、命令等，句中沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，肯定形式由謂語(yǔ)或者謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)(+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))構(gòu)成，否定形式則在句前加Dont.Stand up, please. 請(qǐng)起立。Dont worry. 別擔(dān)心。can的用法：can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“能，會(huì)，可以，被允許等”，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，否定形式為cannot，可縮寫為cant.She can speak Japanese. 她會(huì)講日語(yǔ)。I cant remember his name. 我不記得他的名字了。Can you spell your name? 你會(huì)拼寫你的名字嗎?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：概念：表示現(xiàn)在(說(shuō)話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可以表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。結(jié)構(gòu)：由be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are) + 動(dòng)詞ing構(gòu)成，其中be動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)保持性數(shù)一致。Mary is flying a kite in the park. 瑪麗正在公園里放風(fēng)箏。-What are you doing now?你現(xiàn)在在干什么?-Im reading English. 我正在讀英語(yǔ)。Are they drawing the pictures now?他們正在畫畫嗎?動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞是動(dòng)詞原形變化而來(lái)的，規(guī)則變化如下：動(dòng)詞ing形式叫動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞，其構(gòu)成如下：1) 直接在動(dòng)詞后加ingplayplaying, dodoing, talktalking, sing-singing2) 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e，再加ingmakemaking, writewriting, havehaving, taketaking3) 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加ingrunrunning, stopstopping, putputting, swimswimming注意對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的判斷。判斷一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子用什么時(shí)態(tài)，主要看句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，每種時(shí)態(tài)都有與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在(說(shuō)話瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。因此，這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)最常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是now;但有不少句子并沒(méi)有now，只能通過(guò)提示語(yǔ)如look、listen等或者通過(guò)上下文來(lái)確定用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打掃房間。Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看!那個(gè)女孩在那里跳舞。-Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我們一起做游戲嗎?-Cant you see I am doing my homework? 你沒(méi)看見(jiàn)我正在做作業(yè)嗎?初一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：have的用法have/ has的用法：1) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞have表示“有”，有兩種形式：have和has，前者用于第一人稱(I, we)，第二人稱(you)和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)(they)，后者用于第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)或單數(shù)名詞。I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一個(gè)蘋果，他有兩個(gè)香蕉。You have a new English teacher. 你們有了一個(gè)新的英語(yǔ)老師。It has two big eyes. 它有一雙大眼睛。Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和杰克有一輛好看的車。2) have/has句型與there be句型的比較：兩者都表示“有”，但用法不同。前者表示所屬關(guān)系，即表示“某人或某物有什么”，而后者表示存在，表示“某地有什么”。They have some new books. 他們有一些新書。There are some new books on their desks. 他們桌子上有一些新書。She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。3) have/ has的否定句，一般要加助動(dòng)詞do/ does，再加not構(gòu)成，即do not have (dont have)/ does not have (doesnt have). She does not have a sister. 她沒(méi)有姐姐。We dont have any classes on Saturday. 我們星期六沒(méi)有課。Ann and I dont have a big room. 我和安沒(méi)有一個(gè)大房間。4) 一般疑問(wèn)句由“助動(dòng)詞Do/ Does + 主語(yǔ) + have + 賓語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成，回答用Yes, do/ does.或者No, dont/ doesnt.-Do you have a big house? 他們的房子大嗎?-No, they dont. 不，他們的房子不大。-Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮嗎?-Yes, he does. 他有的。5) 特殊疑問(wèn)句由特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + 助動(dòng)詞do/ does + have (+狀語(yǔ))構(gòu)成。What do they have? 他們有什么?What does he have? 他有什么?How many telephones do they have? 他們有幾部電話?初一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：介詞的用法介詞用法：1) 具體時(shí)間前介詞用at。. He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七點(diǎn)半起床。She goes to bed at eleven oclock. 她十一點(diǎn)睡覺(jué)。2) 表示“在早上，在下午，在晚上”的短語(yǔ)中用介詞in，且定冠詞the不能省略;表示“在中午，在夜里”的短語(yǔ)中介詞用at，不加冠詞。in the morning在早上，in the afternoon 在下午，in the evening 在晚上at noon在中午，at ni