初中英語-非謂語動詞知識點與練習以及答案.doc

非謂語動詞(一) 非謂語動詞的概念動詞的基本用法是作謂語。當句中已經(jīng)有了謂語動詞了，要選或要填的動詞就只能用非謂語形式了。非謂語形式有三種：1、動詞不定式：to do 2、動詞的ing : doing 3、動詞的過去分詞：done(二) 三種形式的含義（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和將來；動詞的ing：表示主動和進行；過去分詞：表示被動和完成。(3） 詳細用法 動名詞（1） 動名詞的構成：動名詞一般由“動詞原形+ing”構成 形式 主動式 被動式一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done 一般時態(tài) Do you mind my smoking here? (動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之后或者兩個動作同時發(fā)生)完成時態(tài) I regret not having studied hard.(動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前)2. 在下面兩種句型中，只能用動名詞There + be + no + 動名詞There is no getting along with him.It is +no use/good/ fun/nice + 動名詞It is no use learning English without speaking.3.只可以接動名詞的動詞或者動詞短語 dislike admit enjoy deny mind miss risk finish avoid consider excuse suggest practice be worth keep on can not help give up put off leave off lead to 3比較：1）共同點：動詞不定式結構和動詞的-ing形式都被稱之為非謂語結構，因此它們一般都可以放在句中除了謂語之外的其他位置。2）區(qū)別動詞不定式的基本含義是表示謂語動詞后面的動作還未發(fā)生，此外，若謂語動詞后面的動作發(fā)生過了也用不定式，而-ing分詞的基本含義一般則表示動作正在發(fā)生或進行。動名詞的基本用法是該結構用在及物動詞或介詞之后構成動賓短語或介賓短語。3）接不定式或動名詞，意義相同： begin to do begin doing start to do start doing continue to do continue doing4）動名詞與不定式語義不同 ：A. stop to do stop doing B. forget to do forget doing C. remember to do remember doing D. try to do try doing E. go on to do go on doing F. be afraid to do be afraid doing （二）動名詞的句法功能來源:學#科#網(wǎng)Z#X#X#K功能例句說明主語Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多對你的健康有害。謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。賓語 動詞賓語 介詞賓語I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜歡打籃球。Stamps are used for sending letters.郵票是被用來寄信的。表示一般的習慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動作。表語His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉化成作主語。定語She is in the reading room.她在閱覽室。We should improve our teaching methods.我們應該改進教學方法。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關系等。置于所修飾詞之前。注意：英語中有一些詞后面常跟動名詞作賓語。我們初中階段常見的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend.（in）, feel like, be used to（習慣于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, cant help。我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞。 完成實踐值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 繼續(xù)習慣別放棄（keep on, be used to, give up） 考慮建議不禁想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）動詞不定式 1）動詞不定時的構成不定時的基本形式為：to+動詞原形，有時可以不用to，這里的to 是不定式符號，本身無詞義，動詞不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）動詞原形。 2）動詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說明主語To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 講英語對我們來說不容易。來源Com作主語用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。表語My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉換作為主語。賓語What sports does he like to play?他喜歡做什么運動？He likes to play basketball.他喜歡打籃球。只能做某些動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語。賓補My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動詞后，不定式省略to。定語Have you got anything to say? 你有要說的嗎？不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。1、不定式作主語 動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末其結構為：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+動詞不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English well. Its important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如： Its very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好啦。 Its very clever of you to do like that. 你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2、不定式作賓語(1)有些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。如： Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？ (2)在find, think后跟不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在后面。如： I find it easy to read English every day. (3)常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式Why not do., Why dont you do., had better（not）do., would rather do, could/would/will you please（not）do.I would rather stay in the room.我寧愿待在房間里。來源:學.科.網(wǎng)3、不定式作賓語補足語 不定式作賓語補足語時與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系。如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西讓他關小收音機。 tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語。如：來源:學?？啤＞W(wǎng) My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我媽媽鼓勵我學日語。 注意：還有一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補，這時不定式要省略to這些動詞有：一感（feel）、二聽（hear, listen to）、三讓（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。但變被動語態(tài)時，必須加上to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。4、不定式作定語 不定式作定語時，應放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。 如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關系，要在不定式后加上適當?shù)慕樵~。 There is nothing to worry about. 沒有什么可擔心的。不定式常和疑問詞what, which, when, where, how連用，相當于一個賓語從句。如： The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老師正告訴學生們做什么。 He didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。5、不定式的特殊句型： 1）tooto：太而不能 so/such +adj/adv +as to +v (表結果) His father was so angry as to be unable to speak. He is too excited to speak. 2）enough to do：足以做 The child is old enough to go to schooll. 3）Why not +動詞原形表達向某人提出建議，翻譯為：為什么不? Why not take a holiday?4）so as (not) to do: in order to do only to do to do （表示目的） David came to China to study Chinese.Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 5)用作介詞的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; devote oneself to 獻身于；be/get used to 習慣等等。 動詞的過去分詞1）動詞過去分詞的構成：動詞過去分詞一般由“動詞原形+ed”構成 2）過去分詞的用法 過去分詞一般表示完成的或者被動的動作 1. 用作謂語的一部分，和助動詞一起構成完成時態(tài)或者被動語態(tài)We have been friends for many years. His leg was broken in an accident.2.作定語 There is a broken cup on the table. This is one of the factories built in the 1960s.過去分詞作定語時放在名詞前，過去分詞短語作定語時放在名詞后面 3.作表語 The cup is broken. 4.作賓語補足語 I must have my bike repaired. 注意，現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞，形態(tài)上完全相同，動詞加上ing 但是兩者有一個本質(zhì)的區(qū)別，現(xiàn)在分詞起形容詞和副詞的作用，而動名詞起名詞的作用。 The dancing boy is me. I enjoy dancing.注意：“get /have/make+賓語+過去分詞”的構成表示讓別人去做這件事情，賓語和動詞之間是被動關系。例如：I will get my hair cut. 我會理發(fā)。my hair 和cut之間是被動關系，讓別人為我理發(fā)。例題解析：1、考查非謂語動詞用作主語不定式或動名詞用作主語，而分詞不能擔任句子中的主語。 【考例】Its very nice pictures for me.A. of you to draw B. for you to draw C. for you drawing D. of you drawing答案：A。解析考查Its+形容詞+of/for sb. +to do sth.句中it為形式主語，to do是真正的主語，當形容詞是表示品質(zhì)意思時，應該用of sb，其他形容詞用for sb，故此題答案為A。2、考查非謂語動詞用作賓語1.一Its a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?一Do as you like，pleaseAclose B will close Cclosing Dto close 答案C 解析動詞mind意為“介意”，后跟動詞時，應使用ing形式。2. Mary and I enjoy _ badmintonAto play B playing Cplayed答案B解析 enjoy后跟動詞的ing形式作賓語，即：enjoy doing something，意為“喜歡(做)某事”。3. -So hot in the classroomWould you mind _the windows? -0KIll do it right now黃岡市A not closing B not opening C closing Dopening答案D解析 mind是中考的重點考查詞匯，其后跟ving表示“介意”。 4.-Mr. Wang，I have trouble _the text一Remember _it three times at leastAto understand；readingB understanding；readingC understanding；to read Dto understand；to read at night 答案C 解析have trouble doing something意為“做某事有困難”，所以答案在B與C中。remember to do something意為“記得(去)做某事”，remember doing something意為“記得做過某事”，由對話的語境可知，前者正確。 5.-How are you feeling here?-Its quite hot. I dont know to go or stay. A. how B. when C. whether D. where答案：C。解析考查“疑問詞+動詞不定式”的用法。根據(jù)句意“我不知道是走還是留下來?！惫蔬xC。6. Many people think its very important us learn English well. A. for, to B. to, to C. with, for答案：A。解析考查“主語+feel/think/ make/ find +it +adj. +for sb. +to do sth.句中it為形式賓語，to do是真正的賓語，”故此題答案為A。7.The menu has so many good things! I cant decide_.A. what to eatB. how to eatC. where to eatD. when to eat答案：A 。解析 考查“疑問詞+動詞不定式”的用法。根據(jù)句意“我不能決定吃什么?！惫蔬xA。8-My dad bought me a new MP4, but I dont know _.-Lets read the instructions.A. what to useB. which one to use C. how to use itD. when to use it答案：C。 解析 考查“疑問詞+動詞不定式”的用法。根據(jù)句意“我不知道如何使用?！惫蔬xC。9. It took my daughter two weeks _the novels _by Yand HongyingA. read; written B. to read; writtenC. reading; to write D. to read; wrote答案：B。解析 It takes +sb+some time +to do sth表示花費多長時間做某事，novel與write的關系是動賓關系，應用過去分詞，表示被動。故答案為B。10.Drivers are warned _when they are tired.A. to driveB. not driveC. not to drive答案：C。解析考查動詞不定式的否定結構。否定形式是在to前面加not。故選C。11.If you want to know _the mobile phone, youd better read the instructions first.A. how to use B. how to make C. where to mendD. where to buy答案：A。解析 考查“疑問詞+動詞不定式”的用法。根據(jù)句意“如果你想要知道如何使用手機的話，你最好先看一看說明書?！惫蔬xA。12.China will spend about 52 billion yuan _new airports and _old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five-Year Plan period(時期)Arepairing; building B. to build；repair Cbuilding；repairing Dto repair；build答案C解析本題主要是考查動詞spend的用法。spenddoing something意為“花費做某事”，由此可排除B、D兩項。再從句意上看，應是“修建”新機場，“維修”舊機場。13 students should pay attention to _the teacher in classAhear B.1istento C. listening to D. hearing of答案C解析本題考查了介詞后跟動詞的情況。 pay attention to意為“注意”，其中to是介詞，所以后面的動詞應使用動名詞形式。hear of意為“聽說”，與句意不符。3、考查非謂語動詞用作賓語補足語原則上，所有的非謂語動詞形式均可用作賓語補足語，其區(qū)別是：不定式表未來，現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成和被動。 1.Alice asked me another bag for her. A. get B. got C. to get D. getting答案：C。解析 ask sbto do sth表示讓某人做某事，此句話的意思為:“愛麗絲叫我給她再帶一個包?！?.Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer. A. swim B. to swim C. swimming答案：B。解析考查動詞不定式作賓語補足語的用法。tell sbto do sth表示告訴某人做某事，tell后邊要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not，根據(jù)題意，應選B。3.-What did your sister say to you last night?-She asked me _my father her secret.紹興 A. to tell not B. not to tellC. dont tellD. not tell答案：B。解析 tell sbto do sth表示告訴某人做某事，tell后邊要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not，根據(jù)題意，應選B。4.Betty is often seen _the old man with his housework.A. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helps答案：B。解析考查感官動詞后接動詞不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役動詞和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to，look at，feel等感官動詞后的復合賓語中，動詞不定式不帶to。當使役動詞和感官動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不定式就成了主語補語，作主語補語的不定式必須加to。故選B。5.Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them _ how much they mean to us. A. to know B. knowing C. know答案：C。解析考查動詞不定式作賓語補足語的用法。make sb. do sth. 表示“使某人”，故選C。7.-How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?-It makes us _proud.A. feel B. to feelC. felt D. feeling答案：A。解析 考查感官動詞后接動詞不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役動詞和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to，look at，feel等感官動詞后的復合賓語中，動詞不定式不帶to。故選A。4、考查非謂語動詞用作定語Shopping with me? Sorry. I have a lot of clothes . Ato washBwashed CwashDto be washed答案: A命題立意：本題考查動詞不定式作定語的用法。試題解析：作定語用的不定式的邏輯主語是句中主語或賓語時，就用主動式的不定式來表被動意義。故選A。5、考查非謂語動詞用作狀語 1.-Linda, I am very thirsty. -Lets go to the nearest supermarket some drinks, OK? A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying答案：C。解析考查不定式作目的狀語的用法。句意為：“咱們?nèi)プ罱某壥袌鲑I些飲料。”2.In order _the word a friendly place, one must show a friendly face.A. makes B. makingC. to makeD. make答案：C。解析考查動詞不定式作目的狀語的特殊結構。in order to do sth.表示“為了”的意思，不定式作目的狀語。故選C。3.一There goes the bell 一Its time for class. Lets stop_.A talk B to talk Ctalking Dnot talk答案C解析 動詞stop后既可接動詞不定式作賓語，即：stop to do sth，也可以接動詞的一ing形式作定語，即：stop doing sth。前者表示停下來(開始)做后面的動作，后者表示停止當前的動作。由語境“鈴響了，到了上課時間，應停止交談”可知，應選C項。練習鞏固：一、選擇題。1. The doctor came_ our eyes. A. to examine B. for examining C. as to examine D. examining2. Our teacher always makes us _ hard. A. to work B. work C. working D. worked3. _ our classroom once a week is necessary A. Cleaning B. Clean C. Cleaned D. To clean4. _ is our duty _ good service to customers A. That, to give B. This, giving C. It, to give D. It, giving5. It took years_ the highrise. A. for our building B. for us in building C. to build D. building6. Their wish is _ a house of their own. A. to have B. for having C. have D. of having7. The teacher agreed _ us_ the test papers home. A. to let, take B. to let, to take C. letting, take D. let, take8. When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered _ me his bicycle.A. lending B. lent C. to lend D. in lending9. I dont like_ people _about their neighbours.A. hear, talking B. to hear, talking C. to hear, to talk D. hearing, talked10. I havent decided _A. to take which train B. which to take a train C. which train to take D. which train taken11. You must remember_ me a phone call as soon as you get there. A. giving B. to give C. gave D. give12. Professor Brown taught his students_ English, and he learned _Chinese from them. A. how to speak, speaking B. how to speak, to speakC. how speaking, speaking D. how speak, to speak13. Sorry, I forgot_ you that the party wouldnt be held tonight. Thats all right. Mary has told me about it.A. telling B. I told C. told D. to tell14. I wonder_ him or not.A. if invite B. whether to invite C to invite D. if to invite15. I hope_ yourself.A. you to manage B. for you to manage C. you managing D. that you can manage16. Would you like _you the way there? Its kind of you. Thank you.A. me showing B. that I show C. me show D. me to show17. The old man said that hed prefer alone in the country rather than live with his son in the city.A. living B. to live C. that he lives D. for him to live 18. I know Alice very well. I have seen her _ up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 19. Since nobody told her_, she came to our help. A. what she did B. to do what C. what to do D. what she to do20.My aunt showed me _.A. how to make a dress B. how a dress be made C. how making a dress D. how a dress made21. After she finished the exercises in the textbook, she tried_ more exercises_ .A. to find, to do B. finding, to do C. to find, she did D. finding, done22. The policeman told Smith _after drinking. A. to not drive B. not driving C. not drive D. not to drive 23. Tom kept quiet about his mistake_ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to24. Pat should love _ little Jim to the theatre this evening. A. to take B. taking C. that he would take D. for him to take 25. We enjoy very much, because it is good for our health.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran26. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_.A. turn it off B. to turn it off C. that I turned it off D. that I should turn it off27. They were very tired and stopped_ under a big tree.A. resting B. to rest C. rest D. that they would rest28. Would you mind me the answer to the problem? Not at all.A. that you tell me B. telling C. to tell D. if telling29. He promised_ a doctor for my son.A. me to get B. that he got me C. me getting D. me that he got30. Father told the boy _the dog a few bones after dinner.A. that he gave B. to give C. giving D. gave. 31._that money for his education, his parents worked hard even after their days work.A. For getting B. Get C. So as to get D. In order to get32. I think you are_ meals yourself.A. enough old to cook B. old enough to cookC. old enough for cooking D. enough old cooking33. The maths problem is_ difficult_.A. so, as to work out B. very , to work out C. too, to work out D. quite, worked out34. Last night I was so tired that I fell asleep soon. I didnt hear him in.A. coming B. came C. to come D. come35. Have you any