英語人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成及用法.docx

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（Present Perfect Tense ）1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞 have ( has)+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。下面以動(dòng)詞 finish 為例，將現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定式，否定式和疑問式以及簡(jiǎn)略答語列表如下：肯定式否定式I/You have finished.He /She /It has finished.We/You /They have finished.I/You have not finished.He /She /It has not finished.We/You /They have not finished疑問式和簡(jiǎn)略回答Have I /you finished?Has he/she/it finished?Have we /you /they finished?Yes, you/ I have.Yes, he /she it has.Yes, you /we/they have .No, you/ I have not.No, he /she it has not.No, you /we/they have not注）have not 常簡(jiǎn)略為 havent ,has not 常簡(jiǎn)略為 hasnt .2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法用法例句時(shí)間狀語表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。-Have you had your lunch yet?-Yes, I have .Ive just had it. (現(xiàn)在我不餓了)-Have you read Little Women yet?-No, I havent .（我對(duì)該書不了解）already, yet, ever , just, never , before, so far ,in the last /past +時(shí)間某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用。表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。I havent seen her these days .Ive known Bob for these years.Ive been at this school for over two years.They have lived here since 1996.How long have you worked in this library?She has taught us since I came to this school .for ten yearssince 1996since +一般過去時(shí)從句have（has）been to 意為“曾經(jīng)到過某地”,（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了），常與表示次數(shù)的副詞連用。have(has) gone to 意為“去了某地”，表示說話時(shí)某人已不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，可能在去的途中，也可能已經(jīng)到達(dá)目的地。have(has) been in 意為“待在某地”，表示狀態(tài)，后面常接表示“時(shí)間段”的狀語。She has been to Shanghai.她去過上海。（她已不在上海了）She has gone to Shanghai.她到上海去了。（她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之，現(xiàn)在不在這里。）She has been in Shanghai for two years.她去上海兩年了。注：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：I havent bought anything for two months.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，例如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。而一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和上述表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。例如： I have seen the film.我看過這部電影。（我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。）I saw the film last week.我上個(gè)星期看了這部電影。（只說明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。）He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以來他一直住在這里。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里）He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在這里。（不涉及他現(xiàn)在是否還住在這里。）練習(xí)一。選擇 1._you _ him before ?No，not yet。A. Have ; met B. Did ;meet C. Do; meet D. Were ; meeting2.Lets go shopping ,Lily ! Have you finished your homework _?No, not _.A. just; yet B. ever ; already C. yet; yet D. ever; just 3.Lily ,why are you still here ? School is over for half an hour.Because I _ my task yet. I still need one more hour A. wont finish B. dont finish C. havent finished D. hadnt finished 4.Id like to introduce my best friend to you ,Peter.Thank you, Lucy. But we _ already.A. meet B .met C. will meet D. have met 5.Have you finished your work _?Yes, I have. Ive _ finished it .A. yet; already B. already ; yet C. already; already D. yet ; yet 6.Have you found your IPod?_.A. No, you have B. Not yet C. Yes, I do D. Yes, I found 7.Lucys never been to Beijing , _ she ?A. is B. isnt C. has D. hasnt 8.Mary _ yet. Im waiting for her .A. came back B .has come back C. hasnt come back D. was coming back 9._ you _ out the problem, Sam? Not yet, but Im going to .A. Did; work B. Are; working C. Have; worked D. Will; work 10._you _ a pen on the desk ? Yes, but Miss Liu _it away just now.A. Have; seen; has taken B .Have; seen ;took C. Have; see; took D. Do ; see; has taken 11.Have you cooked supper _? Yes, I have _ finished it .A. yet ; just B. yet; ever C. already; yet D. already ;just 12.Mr.Wnag isnt here ,I think he _ Shanghai.A. went B has been to C. has gone to 13.Hello! Could I speak to Lily/Sorry ,she is not in .She _ Shanghai.A. have been to B. have gone to C. has been to D. has gone to 14.Neither my sister nor I _ been to America before.A. have ever B. have never C. has ever D. has never15.He _ to Beijing many times.A. have been B . has been C. have gone D. has gone 16.Have you ever left your keys in your house? No, _.A. ever B . already C. yet D. never 17.Mr.Green _ China for ten years.A. has been to B .has been in C. has come to D . has gone to 18.He _ the English Chinese dictionary for about ten years ,but it is still new . What a careful man!A. has bought B. has borrowed C. has had D. bought 19.In the last ten years changes _ place in my hometown.A. took B . had taken C. have taken D. take20.Zhao Lan _ already _ in this school for two years.A. was ;studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are; studying 21.Hurry up ! The play _ for ten minutes.A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. begun 22.How long have you _ China?For three years .A. come back B. returned C. left D. been away from 23.Oh, Mrs. King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?No ,I _ it for two years.A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought 24.You are leaving your school .How do you like it？Very much, of course .I _this school since I moved here .A. have gone to B. came to C. have been to D. have been at 25.Im sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.Oh, not at all. I _ here for only a few minutes.A. have arrived B have been C. arrived D was 26.Hello, this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Black?Sorry. He _ Beijing .A. has been to B . has gone to C. has been in D. will go to 27.H e _ in this factory for 20 years already.A. will work B. works C. has worked D is working 28.I wonder when you _ the new watch.Well, I _ it for two weeks.A. have bought; have had B. bought; have bought C. bought; have had D. have bought; have bought 29.The Browns_ Water World twice.A. went to B. has been to C. have been to D . have been in 30.Tom _ Mary in 1998.That is to say ,they _ for 15 years.A .got married with; have got married B. got married to ; have married C. married; have been married D. married to ; have been married 31.Im sorry .I _ your printer for such a long time .Never mind.A. have borrowed B. have lent C. have kept D. have bought 32.What a nice bike ! How long _you _ it ?Just two weeks .A. have ;bought B. did ; buy C. have ; had D. are; having 33._you ever_ Chinese moon-cakes, Diana?No, never .But I have had noodles.A. Do; try B. Will; try C. Did ;try D. Have ; tried34._ has your brother studied in New York?For two years.A. How far B. How old C. How often D. How long 35.When _ your mother _ you that blue dress,Mary?Sorry ,I really cant remember.A. does; buy B. has; bought C. had; bought D. did ; buy 36._ has your uncle been to Canada ?Only twice .A. How many times B. How often C.How long D.How far 37.How beautiful your skirt is! Is it new?No，I have _ it for two months.A. borrowed B. bought C. had D got 38.How long have you collected shells?_.A. After I left school B. Before I moved here C. When I went to the beach D. Since I was ten years old 39.What are you going to do this weekend ?I _ yet.A. havent decide B. wont decide C. have decided D. didnt decide 40.Great changes _ in our city since 1980.A. took place B. have taken place C. happened D. have happened 41.I have never been to American Computer Museum .What about you ?_ .A. So do I B. So have I C. Neither do I D. Neither have I 42.He _ the house ,and you can put your things in it .A. cleaning B. cleaning out C. cleaned D . has cleaned out 43.Tom has never _Australia. But his parents have _ there twice.A. been to ; been to B . been ; gone C. been to ; been D. gone ;gone 二。翻譯1.你讀過小婦人嗎？不，我沒有。_ you _ Little Women yet ?No I havent . 2.我已經(jīng)讀完它了！Ive _ _ _ it !3. 我已經(jīng)砍倒了樹木，建造了房子。I _ _ _ _ trees and built a house.4.從那時(shí)起，她就成了美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂的一名狂熱愛好者。Ever _ _ ,she has been a fan of American country music .5.“你學(xué)漢語多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？”“一年了”How long _ you _Chinese ?For a year .6.你曾經(jīng)去過科學(xué)博物館嗎？ 是的，我去過。_ you ever _ _ a science museum?Yes, _ _ .7.我從來沒有野營過。Ive _ _ _ .8.他曾經(jīng)看過這部電影。He _ _ _ the film.9.埃米已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了，她不再是個(gè)孩子了。Amy already and she is no longer a child.10.到目前為止，比賽已經(jīng)持續(xù)6天了。So far ,the match _ for 6 days.11.在老師的幫助下，Tom在英語方面取得了進(jìn)步。Tom in English with the teachers help.12.他在北京待了三年。He Beijing for three years.13.三年前他去北京了。He Beijing three years ago.14.自從三年前他就去了北京。He Beijing since three years ago .15.我已經(jīng)核對(duì)了所有的數(shù)字，都是正確的。I all the figures and they are correct.16.你來這個(gè)學(xué)校已有兩年多了嗎？more than two years since you come to this school ?三。填空AMostly， take , homeland ,abroad, live ,appear, search, someday , die , poemDo you have any family members or friends who live _1_?Now many people come to China to look for the roots of their families. They _2_come from the United States, Canada, England and Germany. Mrs. Sun is a Chinese woman, and she _3_ abroad for fifty years. Her father _4_ when Mrs. Sun was only seven years old .Her uncle _5_her to America and she has lived abroad ever since.Now she is a famous singer in America .Every time she _6_in public, thousands of her fans never miss the chance to see her .She is also a poet and her _7_ moved a lot of people .She often says her is in _8_ of her ancestors roots. She has never forgotten her _9_ .She hopes that she will be able to go back to her hometown _10_ ,and she will go to her fathers grave.1._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._10._Bclean ,interest, fly ,true, or, besides, travel, make, have ,saveDu Ming going to Singapore with his parents this Friday. They _1_never been to a foreign country before. They plan to stay in Singapore for a week . “_2_ to Singapore have always been a dream for me,” Du Ming said a reporter. ”Now it will come _3_.” “How will you go to Singapore, by plane _4_ by ship ?” “By ship. Travelling by ship much _5_,I think.” “But it is not as fast as travelling by plane.” “Yes, but you cant see much during the _6_.Taking a ship will _7_ you happier, because you can see the waves, the islands and even big fishes.” “Will you travel at your own expense(自費(fèi))？” “Certainly. My father is a cleaner. Although he is not rich or famous, Im proud of him. H