英語音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)資料.doc

英語音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)資料 文章編號(hào)LS120309N01F第一節(jié) 基礎(chǔ) 英語國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音標(biāo)元音 (20個(gè))單元音12個(gè)前 元 音(4個(gè))i:ie后 元 音(5個(gè)):u:u中 元 音(3個(gè)):雙元音8個(gè)合口雙元音(5個(gè))eiuaiaui集中雙元音(3個(gè))iu輔音 (28個(gè))清 輔 音(11個(gè))ptkfsttrtsh濁 輔 音(17個(gè))bdgvzddrdzlmnjwr語音知識(shí): 1) 字母：語言的書寫形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u 2) 音素：音的最小的單位。英語中有48音素。即20個(gè)元音音素和28個(gè)輔音音素. 3) 元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有20元音。 4) 輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有28輔音。 5) 音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。apple，student，teacher，understand。 6) 開音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音+e name bike home due; b) 輔音+元音 he，go，hi。 7) 閉音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音 bad，bed，sit，hot，cup; b)元音+輔音it。 8) 重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。 讀音規(guī)則 1) 重讀音節(jié)(見元音和輔音的例句)。 2) 非重讀音節(jié) banana，student，today，after，i orange，secret，evening，very，Monday。 特殊讀音 1）音的連讀：前面的詞以元輔音結(jié)尾，后面的單詞以元音開頭，這樣結(jié)尾的輔音要和開頭的元音連讀。not at all，half an hour，I love you and all、after all。 2）失去爆破：輔音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的輔音要失去爆破。good girl，good student，good job，expression，school，extreme。 3）音的同化：兩個(gè)特殊的音碰到一起，會(huì)發(fā)出變異成特殊的音。Would you do it? I am glad to meet you、Cant you see it? last year，this year。 重音A)雙音節(jié)詞 a)一般在第一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。letter，sorry。 b)有 a-，be-，de-，re-，res-，in-，im-，en-，em-，es-，ex-，con-，com-，dis-，mis-，pre-，per-，pro-，trans- 等前綴的詞，第二個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。about，believe，address，decide，report，condemn，respect，compare，inform，discuss，impress，mistake，enforce，prepare，employ，permit，escape，produce，exclaim，translatec)有 de-，in-，re-，con-，pre- 等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān)，一般名詞的重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上。record，record; insult，insult; conduct，conduct; present present; content，content。 d)有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴 re-，ex-，un-，pre-，post-，等的詞，有兩個(gè)重音。outside，retell，well-known，unreal，fifteen，Chinese，pre-war，post-war。 B)多音節(jié)詞 a)一般倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。difficult，communist，family，economy，opportunity，democracy。 b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音carefully，indefinite，comfortable，conductor，according，disturbance，complicated，establishment。 c)詞尾有-eous，-grahpy，-ial，-ian，-ic，-ics，-ience，ient，-ify，-ion，-ious，-ity，ive 后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前一個(gè)音節(jié)上。courteous，calligraphy，editorial，historian，periodic，mathematics，experience，sufficient，identify，translation，religious，curiosity，protective。 d)詞尾有 -ain，-ee，-eer，-ese，-ette 后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個(gè)次重音。entertain，employee，mountaineer，Japanese，cigarette。 第二節(jié) 各個(gè)音節(jié)的詳細(xì)讀音/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/ fat/ft/ have/hv/ cat/kt/ back/bk/ hat/ht/a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/ :/ horse/h: s/ saw/s:/ corn/k:n/ course/k:s/ salt/s:t/ / dog/dg/ pot/pt/ cost/kst/ what/wt/ honest/nist/u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/ / must/mst/ does/dz/ money/mni/ ugly/gli/ come/km/ /:/ nurse/n:s/ bird/b:d/ burn/b:n/ turn/t:n/ girl/g:l/ / better/bet/ never/nev/ worker/w:k/ welcome/welkm/ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eid/u/ no/nu/ home/hum/ hope/hup/ wrote/rut/ note/nut/ pose/puz/ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ baut/ south/sau/ house/haus/i/ boy/bi/ toy/ti/ noise/niz/ voice/vis/ point/pint/ coin/kin/i/ ear/i/ near/ni/ idea/aidi/ hear/hi/ mere/mi/ spear/spi/ / air/ tear/t/ care/k/ dare/d/ fair/f/ there/ /u/ tour/tu/ poor/pu/ sure/u/ moor/mu/(停泊) your/ju/ /p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/tp/ cap/kp/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/blk/ bear/b/t/ let/let/ sat/st/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/d/ led/led/ sad/sd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di/k/ lack/lk/ take/teik/ clock/klk/ class/kla:s/ weekend/wi:kend/g/ big/big/ lag/lg/ glass/gla:s/ gum/gm/ good/gud/ guest/gest/f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s:f/ favorite/feivrit/v/ very/veri/ five/faiv/ fever/fi:v/ serve/s:v/ never/nev/ bath/ba:/(v洗澡) thick/ik/ mouth/mau/ breath/bre/(n呼吸) thought/:t/ author/ truth/tru:/ / the/ / they/ei/ that/t/ mother/m/ thus/ s/ then/en/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/kps/ likes/laiks/ stops/stps/z/ close/kluz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/biz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/ /t/ catch/kt/ cheep/ti:p/ rich/rit/ watch/wt/ child/taild/ question/kwestn/ teach/ti:t/ challenge/tlind/ /d/ orange/rid/ large/la:d/ juice/du:s/ job/db/ /tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/trk/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/drik/ hundred/hndrid/ she/i:/ sharp/a:p/ fish/fi/ shock/k/ shoe/u:/ pleasure/ple/ measure/me/ television/telivin/ts/ lets/lets/ sports/sp:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/ /dz/ hands/hndz/ birds/b:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/stndz/h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h:d/ half/ha:f/l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/m/ my/mai/ more/m:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ sing/si/ wing/wi/ ring/ri/ long/l/ beautiful/bju:tfl/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/mju:zik/ student/stju:dnt/ excuse/ikskju:z/ /w/ work/w:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/wt/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/rud/ write/rait/ wrong/r/ problem/prblm/ 第三節(jié) 音標(biāo)綜合練習(xí)1./i:/ /i/ /e/ /bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /ril/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ /fil/bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will fill/pet/ /pk/ /gp/ /kg/ /ng/ /rm/ /btl/ /sed/ /hpi/ /ten/ /red/ pet pack gap cap nag ram battle said happy ten red /setl/ /tr/ /dipend/settle trash depend2./a:/ / :/ / / /u:/ /u/a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /d/ /l:n/ /n:t/ /p:z/ /fks/ /sk/ ask mask past France odd lawn naught pause fox sock /fa:/ /la:d / /ma:k/ /l:d/ /t:/ /st:m/ /pt/ /krp/ /t/ /prmis/ far large mark Lord torch storm pot crop thought promise /huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ /ru:/ /pul/ /wud/hook loose soot took mood through pull wood3./ / /bz/ /dl/ /hri/ /glf/ /trbl/ /:n/ /s:f/ /t:n/ /beg/ /tk/ buss dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck/k:b/ /:k/ /merik / /sk/ /kmp/ /svei/ /pveid/ /phps/ curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps /b:lesk/ /m:d/ burlesque murder3./ei/ /u/ /ai/ /au/ /i/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prpuz/ /mun/ /stun/ /uv/ /sait/kape great main propose motion stone over sight/raim/ /daut/ /taipist/ /aust/ /mist/ /ist/ rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster4./i/ / /u/vi/ /f/ /d/ /sk/ /bun/ /gud/ /rurl/ /pi/ /klmbi/veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia/mtiril/ /mistiris/material mysterious5./ /mn/ /i:f/ /t/ /n/ /fei/ /tge/ /k/ /mselvz/ month thief that than faith together thank themselves第四節(jié) 音標(biāo)的分辨The sun Tongue Twister(1)There are thirty-three trees there. (, )(2)A big black bug bit the back of the big black bear. The big black bear beat back the big black bug. (/b/)(3)She sells seashells on the seashore, and the shells she sells are seashells. Im sure because if she sells shells at the seashore, the shells she sells are seashells for sure.(/ /,/s/,/z/,/) (4)There is a kitten in the kitchen. In the kitchen, I fly the chicken. A fly flies into the kitchen while Im frying the chicken.( /t/)(5)You are no need to light a night light on a light night like tonight. For a night, lights a slight light and tonights a night thats light. When a nights light like tonights light, its really not quit right to light night lights with their slight lights on the light night like tonight.(/n/-/l/) (6)The sun shines on the small shop signs.(/s/-/)(7)Why didnt you do that what I told you to do? (/ /-/ /) (8)The doctors daughter knocked at the locked door.(9)Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.(10)Is this pair of scissors of his sisters? Yes, this is the pair of scissors of his sisters . (/s/-/z/)(11)Pete picked up a piece of paper and put it into the paper basket. (/p/)(12)William wants to know whether the weather will be wetter tomorrow. (/w/) i: ee： three tree green sheep meet beef see seek week ea： eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please e： he she me these ie： piece receive ceiling field i ： i： sit picture it is if list six mix fix fit pig big build miss milk ship with window begin y： myth many twenty happy dictionary e：defect decide delicious e ： ea：head bread pleasure ready e ：elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes well get very step men listenE: ： ir： girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird first ur：turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger hurt ear：learn earn earth heard er：term her nerd serve verb or：work worm worker word world worseE ： er： teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder or：doctor actor mayor author tractor forget o：together tomorrow today Washington control polite policeman oclock a：around account ago elephant banana China breakfast American above e：hundred student ar： car farm card arm garden party star a：fast class last glass plant are：are u： up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus cut us luck but cut o： come mother brother love above month ou ：trouble rough flourish oo：blood flood al：small wall talk tall hall ball call walk or：short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store au：author caught our：four mourn court ar：warm quarrel quarter aw：draw saw flaw ou：bought ought oo：food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth school too noodle cool u：true truth blueoo：look good foot book cook ou：should could would u：put full bull pull push o：woman wolfing：sing king morning evening cial ：social special sion ：propulsion tension progression passion protrusion provision conclusion television tion ：station nation translation attention question ear：pear bear air：chair air fair hair pair are：care hare ere：there where eer：beer deer ear：ear dear near ere：here ea：idea ie：fierce oy：boy toy joy oi：oil soil voice choice noise join o：home cold go no phone host ghost nose ow：know low below grow blow show flow window yellow oa：boat coat goal road au ou：house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse round about ow：flower down now cow how towna：name cake late gate plane April face take radio space ay：play say may way today May ea：great break ai：rain paint plain ey：they greyoo：look good foot book cook ou：should could would u：put full bull pull push o：woman wolf.元音發(fā)音規(guī)則一、前元音所謂前元音是指發(fā)音時(shí)要使用舌前部，也就是說舌前部要向硬腭抬起，舌尖要抵住下齒，口形扁平，不要收?qǐng)A。四個(gè)前元音中發(fā)i:的時(shí)候舌前部抬得最高，牙床近乎全合。發(fā)i的時(shí)候舌前部比i:稍低，牙床也開得稍大一些。上下齒之間的距離大約可以容納一個(gè)小指尖。發(fā)第三個(gè)前元音e的時(shí)候舌前部比i又要第一些，牙床也開得更大一些。上下齒之間的距離大約相當(dāng)于一個(gè)食指尖。發(fā)第四個(gè)前元音 的時(shí)候舌前部最低，牙床開得最大。上下齒之間的距離大約相當(dāng)于一個(gè)食指加中指。二、后元音所謂后元音是指發(fā)音時(shí)要使用舌的后部，也就是說舌后部要向軟腭抬起。發(fā)后元音時(shí)舌尖可以不抵下齒。除了后元音:要用中常唇外，其它四個(gè)音都要用圓唇，發(fā)音時(shí)嘴要攏圓。個(gè)別的音如u u:嘴唇還要向前突出。其次，要注意后元音的舌位。五個(gè)后元音中:的舌位最低，開口最大。 的舌位比:稍高，開口度比:稍小。 :的舌位比?又要更高一些，開口度比?再小一些。u的舌位比 :又要高一些，開口度再小一些。u:的舌位最高，開口最小。三、中元音所謂中元音是指發(fā)音時(shí)要使用舌的中部，也就是說舌的中部要稍稍抬起，舌尖可以輕抵下齒，口形扁平或中常。 :的舌位最高， 的舌位最低，?的舌位介乎兩者之間，比 :稍低，比 稍高。上面提到了12個(gè)單元音。英語里還有8個(gè)雙元音。這8個(gè)雙元音又可分成兩類,合口雙元音和集中雙元音,下面分別講解。四、合口雙元音所謂“合口雙元音”是指兩個(gè)元音中的第二個(gè)元音都是一個(gè)合口元音i或u。發(fā)雙元音時(shí)要注意從第一個(gè)元音向第二個(gè)元音滑動(dòng)。在滑動(dòng)過程中，口形、舌位都有明顯的變化。另外，還要注意雙元音的下面幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1、前長后短（前音長后音短）。2、前重后輕（前音發(fā)得重，后音發(fā)得輕）。3、前音清楚，后音模糊。五、集中雙元音 所謂集中雙元音是指兩個(gè)元音中的第二個(gè)元音都是中元音 。發(fā)音時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)元音向第二個(gè)元音滑動(dòng)時(shí)的