當(dāng)非謂語用作名詞學(xué)案.docx

第十講 非謂語用作名詞適用學(xué)科英語適用年級高一升高二適用區(qū)域榆林校區(qū)課時(shí)時(shí)長（分鐘）60知識點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞ing形式做主語、賓語的用法。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞ing形式用作名詞時(shí)做主語和賓語的用法。學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)對于相關(guān)考點(diǎn)和句型的把握和理解。學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)對帶不定式或動(dòng)詞ing的動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分和把握。學(xué)習(xí)過程一、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)內(nèi)容，并進(jìn)入本節(jié)課程內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí)。二、知識講解考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1：不定式做主語1不定式(短語)常可用作主語，如To see is to believe眼見為實(shí)。To act like that is foolish這樣做是愚蠢的。2.但在很多情況下，我們都把不定式往后移，前面用先行詞it作形式上的主語，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)會顯得更平穩(wěn)。這時(shí)謂語可以是：1）be+形容詞：It isnt right to talk like that這樣說是不對的。Its difficult to master English精通英語是不容易的。2）be+形容詞+for引起的短語：Its hard for me to answer我很難回答。It isnt right for us to stop half way我們半途而廢是不對的。3）be+形容詞+of引起的短語：Its kind of you to think so much of us難得你為我們這樣著想。(=you are kind to)Its good of you to come to meet us非常感謝你們來接我們。4)be+名詞：Its our duty to do that這樣做是我們的職責(zé)。Its a mistake not to help them不幫助他們是錯(cuò)誤的。5)其他形式的謂語：How long does it take to get there?到那里需要多少時(shí)間?How much did it cost you to send the package?寄這包裹花了多少錢?l it is +adj+for/of sb to do sth(做某件事對于某人來說是怎么樣的)（用for表示adj修飾to do sth.常用的形容詞有important,possible,impossible,necessary,interesting等;用of表示adj修飾sb.常用形容詞有kind,nice,stupid,foolish,clever等）。考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2：動(dòng)詞ing形式做主語 作主語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式具有名詞的特征，有時(shí)又稱為動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)作主語的-ing短語太長時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而把-ing短語置于句子后部。例如：Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。Learning new words is very useful to me. 學(xué)習(xí)生詞對我很有用。Its a waste of money buying such things you dont really need. 買這種你實(shí)際上并不需要的東西是浪費(fèi)金錢。注意：在下列句式中常用動(dòng)詞-ing短語作主語。It is no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/nice/a waste of time + doing. 如：Its no use talking like this. 像這樣談話沒有用處。Its senseless behaving like that. 那樣的行為沒有意義。 不定式作主語與V-ing形式作主語的不同：前者作主語時(shí)，常表示某一次具體的動(dòng)作；而后者常表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如： To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教這三個(gè)孩子是今天下午我的工作。 Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是鍛煉的一種好方式。 考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3:不定式和動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語：1, 以下動(dòng)詞只跟to do作賓語。afford, agree, aim, choose, dare, decide, refuse, desire, determine, fail（未能做某事）, offer,（主動(dòng)做某事）expect, hope, wish, manage（設(shè)法成功做某事）, plan, pretend, promise, seek, tend（往往會做某事）, threaten（威脅做某事） seem, happen（碰巧做某事）, wish, long(渴望做某事), intend（打算做某事）,等。2， 以下動(dòng)詞只跟ing形式做賓語。finish, mind, suggest, keep, enjoy, practice, consider, excuse, miss, escape,allow, permit, imagine, risk, delay, forbid, appreciate, understand動(dòng)詞短語：give up, insist on, look forward to, it is (no )good (use, harm), object to（反對），get down to, devote oneself to, spenddoing, prevent(from),wastedoing, have (no) difficulty (in) doing, stick to ,keepfrom,stopfrom，feel like.cant stand.to后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，to是不定式符號，應(yīng)該接原形動(dòng)詞，to是介詞應(yīng)要接動(dòng)名詞。這一點(diǎn)一定要判斷清楚。在“get down to開始做；look forward to盼望；stick to堅(jiān)持做；lead to導(dǎo)致；devote oneself to=to be devoted to 獻(xiàn)身于；pay attention to 注意；object to 反對做 ”中，to都是介詞，其后面應(yīng)該接動(dòng)名詞。3 以下八個(gè)單詞或短語可跟to do和ing,但意義不同： stop to do/stop doing 停下來做/ 停止做. remember to do/remember doing 記住要去做/ 記得曾做過 forget to do/forget doing 忘記去做/ 忘記曾做過 try to do/try doing 努力（盡力）做/ 試著做 regret to do/regret doing 遺憾地去做/ 后悔做過 mean to do/mean doing 打算做/ 意味著做 cant help to do/cant help doing 不能幫助做某事/忍不住做某事 go on to do/go on doing 接著做另一件事/ 接著做未做完的同一事例如: Please remember to lock the door when you go out. 出去時(shí)請記住要鎖門。 I dont remember lending you any money. 我不記得借過錢給你。 I regret saying what I said. I shouldnt have said it. 我后悔我所說過的話，我本不該說那些話。 I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test. 我很遺憾地告訴你，你沒有通過駕駛測試。 The minister went on talking for two hours. 部長的講話持續(xù)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. 4 討論完經(jīng)濟(jì)，部長接著談?wù)撏饨徽摺n/upon doing/n 表示“一.就.” 5. 動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作賓語，如帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要先用it作形式賓語，而將該不定式后置。例如： I dont think it right to do it in that way.我覺得以那種方式去做是不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?I find it hard to get along with him. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)與他相處不是件容易的事。 6. 疑問代詞、疑問副詞 + 不定式常常用作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。例如： I dont know where to spend my holiday. 我不知該去哪兒度假。 Have you decided when to marry?你決定什么時(shí)候結(jié)婚了嗎？ 考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3:不定式和動(dòng)詞ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：請看兩道高考試題：1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET 2002) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen分析：remain 后接to do sth.作表語， see 與主語從句是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以要用to be seen，故答案為B。2. The discovery of new evidence led to _. （上海2003） A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught分析：lead to 中的to 是介詞，后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。“小偷被抓”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)形式being caught，所以選C。不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是歷年高考考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。下面就這兩點(diǎn)做一簡要介紹。一、不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1. 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這個(gè)不定式要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如： The meeting to be held tomorrow afternoon is of great importance. 明天下午要開的會議非常重要。再如兩道選擇題：(1) Little Tom would love _ to the theater this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking分析：本題考查不定式在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語形式。would love后一般只用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。句中主語little Tom是take的邏輯賓語，用被動(dòng)形式，所以選A。(2) To go shopping on Sundays seems to my mother a rule _. A. to never break B. never to be breaking C. never to be broken D. never to have broken分析：動(dòng)詞不定式和前面的a rule有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以要用它的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作定語，故選C。2. 如果句子的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式所表示動(dòng)作的施動(dòng)者，則大都采用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式來作名詞的后置修飾語。如： I have a letter to write. (不用to be written) 我有一封信要寫。 You need something to eat. （不用to be eaten） 你需要吃些東西。 但是，在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，雖然常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，但是用被動(dòng)語態(tài)也可以。如： There is a meeting to attend. (可用to be attended)要參加個(gè)會議。3. 當(dāng)征求對方是否有事需說話人做時(shí)，不定式作定語用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如： “Would you have a letter to be typed, manager?” asked his secretary. “經(jīng)理，你有信要打嗎？”秘書問道。二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing 形式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，就要用動(dòng)詞-ing 形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 1. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和它的主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣，在句中可以作主語和賓語。如： He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher. 他害怕被老師責(zé)罵。（賓語） 再如下面的高考題： _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (上海2002) A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 分析：本句中expose與ones skin是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是皮膚被暴露在陽光下，所以要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)形式作主語，故答案為C。 2. 一些動(dòng)詞如need, want, require等作“需要”講時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義,也可以用不定式的被動(dòng)形式來替換。如： The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干凈。 The broken window wants repairing. = The broken window wants to be repaired. 那個(gè)破窗戶需要修理。 另外注意be worth及be worthy 的用法： The problem is worth discussing. The problem is worthy of being discussed. The problem is worthy to be discussed. 以上三個(gè)句子都意為“這個(gè)問題值得討論”。三、例題精析【例題1】 【題干】1. Is _ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he 【答案與解析】C。It作形式主語，后面不定式做真正主語?！纠}2】 【題干】2. It was foolish _ you to give up what you rightly owned. A. for B. of C. about D. from 【答案與解析】B。（用for表示adj修飾to do sth.常用的形容詞有important,possible,impossible,necessary,interesting等;用of表示adj修飾sb.常用形容詞有kind,nice,stupid,foolish,clever等）?！纠}3】 【題干】3. She pretended _ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 【答案與解析】A。pretend要跟不定式作賓語，同時(shí)對非謂語的否定not放在最前面。四、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】4. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 5. -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 【鞏固】 6. -Was the test difficult? -Not at all. We found _ . A. it very easy for doing B. very easy to do it C. it very easy to do D. it very easy to do it 7. -Do you know Mr. Smith? -Yes. Hes a strange man. We found _ difficult to work with him. A. us B. it C. him D. you 【拔高】：8. I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it 9. Last summer I took a course on _ . A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 課程小結(jié) 非謂語動(dòng)詞是高中語法中最重要的一個(gè)專題。本節(jié)課主要圍繞非謂語動(dòng)詞用作名詞的時(shí)候的用法：不定式和ing形式做主語和賓語的用法進(jìn)行了講解和練習(xí)。為同學(xué)們?nèi)嬲莆辗侵^語的用法奠定基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)，作為高一進(jìn)入高二的學(xué)生們，對非謂語動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行練習(xí)和掌握能夠幫助他們順利過渡到成功的高二英語學(xué)習(xí)中去。課后作業(yè)【基礎(chǔ)】：用動(dòng)詞的不定式、動(dòng)詞ing形式填空。1. My mother told me (turn) on the lights just now.2. Chinese would like (make) friends with a lot of foreigners.3. He feels like (eat) an apple4. A lot of people likes (do) some shopping on Sundays. 5. They asked me (thank) your mother.6. Would you like (drink) tea or coffee ?7. A lot of children like (swim) , because it is good for health.8. Please ask her (arrive) to school at seven thirty tomorrow morning.9. My father was glad (see) his old friends yesterday.10. Please ask uncle Wang (mend) the TV set.【鞏固】11. When the baby heard the music, he stopped (cry) at once.12. Look! There is a cow (lie) on the road.13. I am sorry (hear) the bad news 14. He wants (go) there with you.15. We will help the farmers (grow) rice next week16. It is time (begin) our lessons now.17. Lots of children enjoys (listen) to music.18. Could you tell me if you like (sing) English songs?19. I would love (go) fishing in the lake.20. It took him one hour (finish) his homework.【拔高】1. What is the way Lao Wang thought of _ enough money to buy the house?A. to get B. getting C. having got D. being got2. Without fact, we cant form a correct opinion, for we need to have actual knowledge _ our thinking.A. which to be based on B. which to base on C. on which to base D. which to base3. Tom pretended _ it but in fact, he knew it very well.A. not listen to B. not to hear from C. not to have heard about D. not to be listening to4. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction.A. seeing B. having seen C. to see D. to have seen5. Hearing his words, I couldnt decide _ or remain.A. whether to go abroad B. if I go abroad C. if to go abroad D. to go abroad6. Lilys mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _ again.A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. being found7. - Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework? - Im doing this exercise now so that I wont have _ on Sunday.A. for B. them C. it D. to8. I did nothing all day but _ to my friend who I havent seen for almost a year.A. write B. to write C. wrote D. writing9. Would you please _ leave the door open? Its too cold here.A. not B. not to C. to not D. dont10. -I hear that you and your parents are going to spend your summer vocation in Beijing. - Yes, were planning _.A. to B. to be C. it D. to do it11. I dont think it wise _ the hard work that they have refused to do.A. for you to take on B. of you to take on C. for you taking on D. of you taking on12. My father promised to give some money and _ anything I want to.A. to allow me to buy B. allow me to buyC. promised to allow me to buy D. that I would ask them to buy13. He spoke English slowly and clearly in