托福作文最新版經(jīng)典萬用素材(1).doc

最新版經(jīng)典萬用素材死了還要用孔子Confucius, a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, has exerted a significant influence on the thought and life of Chinese, whose philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity, which gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Taoism or Legalism.一例多用4, 12, 26, 28, 38, 52, 79, 86, 89, 91, 96, 98, 116, 124, 141, 142, 146, 147, 149, 165, 171, 176, 183我要一步一步往上爬馬斯洛需求金字塔In1954Americanpsychologist Abraham Maslow proposed that all people are motivated to fulfill a hierarchical pyramid of needs. At the bottom of Maslows pyramid are needs essential to survival, such as the needs for food, water, and sleep. The need for safety follows these physiological needs. According to Maslow, higher-level needs become important to us only after our more basic needs are satisfied. These higher needs include the need for love and belongingness, the need for esteem, and the need for self-actualization (in Maslows theory, a state in which people realize their greatest potential).微觀問題 名人點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，名句背背衣： For example, a well-dressed man seldom spits at random, a woman in glorious dresses is more likely to talk in a gentle tone, and a clean dressed child seems quiet than others. It might be explained that different dresses give people different self-images, and most people subconsciously behave according to their own self-images.A parvenu on the other hand, will finally find out the fact that his exorbitantly dear dresses is of no use to make him a gentleman, and he even eventually fail to make him look like a gentleman. Maybe those are right who said it takes at least three generations to cultivate a gentleman. 青少年的外表與內(nèi)心Already, it can be seen how western movies are exercising influence on our youth generation: they grow long-hair regardless of their sex, commonly part of which are dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keen on Marlboros and weird coarse languages.食：There is no love sincerer than the love of food. George Bernard ShawIts amazing how pervasive food is. Every second commercial is for food. Every second TV episode takes place around a meal. In the city, you cant go ten feet without seeing or smelling a restaurant. There are 20 foot high hamburgers up to billboards. I am acutely aware of food, and its omnipresence is astounding.Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a pauper.Tomatoes and oregano make it Italian; wine and tarragon make it French. Sour cream makes it Russian; Lemon and cinnamon make it Greek. Soy sauce makes it Chinese; garlic makes it good.Food is our common ground, a universal experience.A dinner lubricates business.You dont have to cook fancy or complicate masterpieces just good food from fresh ingredients.生活類萬金油之 健康啊便利健康運(yùn)動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)In contemporary society, a multitude of people are increasingly aware of the fundamentality of maintaining health, so as to enjoying better life quality and longevity. In order to possess a healthy body, not only need we keep a nutritious diet and adequate sleep, it is crucial for individuals to form the habit of exercising regularly, as sports and health are intrinsically connected. Doing sports will greatly increase peoples metabolism, and strengthen our physique. Sports also help to refresh peoples mind from brainwork all day and night, and even more surprisingly, exercising can stimulate peoples brains to work more actively and creatively. Overall, sports are not the business of a small group of athletes, but a life-long pursuit that every person should bear in mind and endeavor to put it into practice. Not only do sports benefit individuals, the improvement of the nations health would be a huge contribution to our countrys development.We might also cite an allegorical story. It is said that an individuals life is accompanied with five balls, which are lover, family, career, health and friend. Lover, family, career and friends are all rubber balls, consequently, it could bound back when falling to ground. On the contrast, health is the unique glass ball, which is fragile enough to be ruined with a single drop. The increasingly sedentary lifestyle will engender a higher incidence of ailments. More overweight people means more patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases such as vein hardening, diabetes and hypertension.便利（節(jié)省時(shí)間時(shí)間靈活交通休閑健身娛樂吃喝購物）People are concerned about the efficiency with the accelerating tempo of life. The more the better. The fast the better. In this regard, XX takes the top priority. For instance, whenever people click on a search engine and key in a few words into the search box, they will get huge amounts of information. The amazing thing is, all the searching is done in a few seconds, which spares people a great deal of time to enjoy the entertainment such as body-building, watching opera or a movie in their leisure time. 其他參考：Telecommuting（在家辦公） can spare workers the everyday chore of traveling back and forth to work.Global cultural homogeneity has immensely enriched the lives of the denizens in developing countries. For instance, now Holly wood blockbusters typically get their first screening in China within a couple of days after their American premiere, and youths in China can download singles topping billboard charts from the Internet without having to scout around in a CD store. Enhanced TV connectivity affords Chinese viewers chances to see primetime American TV shows. This ease of access to a multitude of foreign amusements has really brightened up the lives of many.娛樂旅游Travel is more than the seeing of sights; it is a change that goes on, deep and permanent, in the ideas of living.藝術(shù)Art is the desire of a man to express himself, to record the reactions of his personality to the world he lives in.Art is the collaboration between God and the artist, and the less the artist does the better.Art is born of the observation and investigation of nature.Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once he grows up.攝影Photography, fortunately, to me has not only been a profession by also a contact between people to understand human nature and record, if possible, the best in each individual.音樂Music has charms to soothe the savage beasts, to soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak.音樂的魅力能感化兇殘，軟化巖石，還能柔化多節(jié)的橡樹。My heart, which is so full to overflowing, has often been solaced and refreshed by when sick and weary.我無比充實(shí)的心靈總是能在它悲傷和疲倦的時(shí)候因?yàn)橐魳范孬@快樂和活力。I think I should have no other mortal wants, if I could always have plenty of music. It seems to infuse strength into my limbs and ideas into my brain. Life seems to go on without effort, when I am filled with music.Develop interest in life as you see it; in people, things, literature, music the world is so rich, simply throbbing with rich treasures, beautiful souls and interesting people.FashionA fashion is nothing but an induced epidemic.Fashion is a form of ugliness so intolerable that we have to alter it every six months.休息JLeisure hours are of great importance for people. Living under stress for a long time is harmful to health, causing symptoms such as ulcer and high blood pressure. If a man insisted always on being serious, he would go mad or become unstable without knowing it. The secrets of energy lie in the art of having leisure.動(dòng)物：Animals are such agreeable friends they ask no questions, they pass no criticisms. George EliotA person can learn a lot from a dog, even a loopy one like ours. Marley taught me about living each day with unbridled exuberance and joy, about seizing the moment and following your heart. He taught me to appreciate the simple things a walk in the woods, a fresh snowfall, a nap in a shaft of winter sunlight. And as he grew old and achy, he taught me about optimism in the face of adversity. Mostly, he taught me about friendship and selflessness and, above all else, unwavering loyalty.J If a dog jumps in your lap, it is because he is fond of you; but if a cat does the same thing, it is because your lap is warmer.The dog was created especially for children. He is the god of frolic.Dogs are not our whole life, but they make our lives whole.God loved the birds and invented trees. Man loved the birds and invented cages.We call them dumb animals, and so they are, for they cannot tell us how they feel, but they do not suffer less because they have no words.Sir Winston Churchill once said, “I like pigs. Dogs look up to us. Cats look down on us. Pigs treat us as equals”.家庭Call it a clan, call it a network, call it a tribe, or call it a family. Whatever you call it, whoever you are, you need one. Jane Howard.It is dismal coming home, when there is nobody to welcome one!Happiness is having a large, loving, caring, close-knit family in another city.MarriageA great marriage is not when the “perfect couple” comes together. It is when an imperfect couple learns to enjoy their differences.A successful marriage really requires falling in love many times, always with the same person.That is what marriage really means: helping one another to reach the full status of being persons, responsible and autonomous beings who do not run away from life.ChildrenI have found the best way to give advice to your children is to find out what they want and then advise them to do it.A mother only does her children harm if she makes them the only concern of her life.Friendship makes prosperity more shining and lessens adversity by dividing and sharing it.教育教育概念Educations purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.Genius without education is like silver in the mine. (Benjamin Franklin, American president)未受教育的天才猶如礦中之銀。（美國總統(tǒng) 富蘭克林）A great part to the information I have was acquired by looking up something and finding something else on the way. (Adams Franklin, American humorist)1) rote learning force-feed2) feedbackevaluateappraise3) multi-disciplinary4) vocational education5) segregation coeducation老師類They are really good teachers who are entertainers as well as educators. Good teaching is one-fourth preparation and three-fourth theater. It holds true for one of my English teacher. She never takes dull lessons. She knows how to make use of culture and arts to make her lessons fun.You learn more quickly under the guidance of experienced teachers. You waste a lot of time going down blind alleys if you have no one to lead you.老師跟錢？Examples are available everywhere. Einstein was taken for an idiot by his teacher when he was a child. Even though he knew exactly that doesnt necessarily mean he was really an idiot, the awkward altitude of his stupid teacher absolutely made Einsteins childhood an awful one. Nevertheless, Einstein did lead a wonderful life.父母：Psychology studies have shown us that parents love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Albert Einsteins mother and Forest Gumps mother are both good examples.Albert Einstein, German; (14 March 1879 18 April 1955) was a theoretical physicist, philosopher and author who is widely regarded as one of the most influential and best known scientists and intellectuals of all time. A German-Swiss Nobel laureate, he is often regarded as the father of modern physics. He received the 1921Nobel Prize in Physics for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.His many contributions to physics include the special and general theories of relativity, the founding of relativistic cosmology, the first post-Newtonian expansion, the explanation of the perihelion precession of Mercury, the prediction of the deflection of light by gravity, the first fluctuation dissipation theorem which explained the Brownian motion of molecules, the photon theory and the wave-particle duality, the quantum theory of atomic motion in solids, the zero-point energy concept, the semi-classical version of the Schrdinger equation, and the quantum theory of a monatomic gas which predicted BoseEinstein condensation.內(nèi)在驅(qū)動(dòng)和外在刺激Drives and desires can be described as a deficiency or need that activates behavior that is aimed at a goal or an incentive. These are thought to originate within the individual and may not require external stimuli to encourage the behavior. Basic drives could be whereas more subtle drives might be the desire for praise and approval, which motivates a person to behave in a manner pleasing to others.By contrast, the role of extrinsic rewards and stimuli can be seen in the example of training animals by giving them treats when they perform a trick correctly. The treat motivates the animals to perform the trick consistently, even later when the treat is removed from the process.教育：內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng) Intrinsic motivation is the drive for which people engage in an activity, without obvious external incentives, such as a hobby. Intrinsic motivation has been studied by educational psychologists since the 1970s, and numerous studies have found it to be associated with high educational achievement and enjoyment by students.It is thought that students are more likely to be intrinsically motivated if they:1. Attribute their educational results to internal factors that they can control (e.g. the amount of effort they put in).2. Believe they can be effective agents in reaching desired goals (i.e. the results are not determined by dumb luck).3. Are interested in mastering a topic, rather than just rote learning to achieve good grades.學(xué)習(xí)目的：學(xué)一科還是學(xué)很多科Leonardo da Vinci is best remembered as the painter of the Mona Lisa (1503-1506) and The Last Supper (1495). But hes almost equally famous for his astonishing multiplicity of talents: he dabbled in architecture, sculpture, engineering, geology, hydraulics and the military arts, all with success, and in his spare time doodled parachutes and flying machines that resembled inventions of the 19th and 20th centuries. He made detailed drawings of human anatomy which are still highly regarded today. Leonardo also was quirky enough to write notebook entries in mirror (backwards) script, a trick which kept many of his observations from being widely known until decades after his death.學(xué)一科還是學(xué)多科 generalistProfessionals and specialists have always found knowledge of other disciplines helpful and inspiring.If students are allowed to enroll only in the courses that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields, the blockades between disciplines will not only hamper discoveries at the boundaries, but also preclude infusion of fresh ideas and inspiration.With a broader knowledge base, students can choose disciplines of concentration, complexity, and profundity according to their interest. As a saying goes, interest is the best teacher. You cannot account on one to succeed in a field in which he is not interested in and the scarcity of the interest can lead to a disappearance of creativity erestexperienceidea學(xué)文科還是理科？Music and art are very mathematical. In the early 1400s, Leon Battista Alberti suggested painting be considered a liberal Art with a scientific basis. In De Pictura he exposed optical perspective as a geometrical technique which could be applied by artists to their work.書本知識(shí)讀書類You can cover a great deal of country in books.Life-transforming ideas have always come to me through books.Books are the quietest and most constant of friends; they are the most accessible and wisest of counselors, and the most patient of teachers.書籍是我們最為沉浸而永恒的朋友；是最易接近和才華橫溢的顧問；是最為耐心的良師。經(jīng)驗(yàn)的重要性:Work and experience create and broaden our knowledge. It is of value to test the veracity of the indirect book knowledge by applying it to reality. Sir Isaac Newton, applied mathematics to his personal experience, resulting the discovery of kinetic theory. Nicholus Copernicus, through extensive observation and existing scientific analysis, calculated the earth and other planets orbit around the sun. Such knowledge is now easily assessable in textbooks, but would require decades of work on our own to research and understand that phenomenon.Books are valuable when knowledge is beyond the scope of our experiences. Perhaps the most obvious examples are those fluent writers. They write various stories, the scopes of which are far beyond any individuals experiences. Take Joyce Carol Oates for example, her productivity has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays and literary criticism. Although some of them appear to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day.學(xué)習(xí)方式：興趣的重要性 哥倫布 Christopher Columbus As a child, he helped his father as a weaver. He always liked the sea. Genoa was an important seaport. There is no doubt that as a child he caught rides on ships. He had little schooling but was a genius with the sea. His plan was not to prove that the world was flat, but it was to find a shortcut to the Spice Islands. He wanted to establish a city there for trade, seaports, and much more. When he grew into a man he was interested in sailing to Asia by going west.個(gè)人和群體類的問題108 （學(xué)習(xí)方式）群體思想多，競爭壓力個(gè)人：一個(gè)人走在前面的孤獨(dú)，任何成功的人都是耐得住寂寞的人Barbara McClintock Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 September 2, 1992), the 1983 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Me