合同法中英文對照版.docx

中華人民共和國合同法Contract Law of the Peoples Republic of China總則第一章一般規(guī)定第二章合同的訂立第三章合同的效力第四章合同的履行第五章合同的變更和轉(zhuǎn)讓第六章合同的權(quán)利義務(wù)終止第七章違約責(zé)任第八章其他規(guī)定分則第九章買賣合同第十章供用電、水、氣、熱力合同第十一章贈與合同第十二章借款合同第十三章租賃合同第十四章融資租賃合同第十五章承攬合同第十六章建設(shè)工程合同第十七章運(yùn)輸合同第十八章技術(shù)合同第十九章保管合同第二十章倉儲合同第二十一章委托合同第二十二章行紀(jì)合同第二十三章居間合同附則總則General Provisions第一章一般規(guī)定Chapter 1 General Provisions第一條【立法目的】為了保護(hù)合同當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益，維護(hù)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，促進(jìn)社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，制定本法。Article 1 This Law is enacted in order to protect the lawful rights and interests of the contracting parties, to maintain social and economic order, and to promote the process of socialist modernization. 第二條【合同定義】本法所稱合同是平等主體的自然人、法人、其他組織之間設(shè)立、變更、終止民事權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的協(xié)議。婚姻、收養(yǎng)、監(jiān)護(hù)等有關(guān)身份關(guān)系的協(xié)議，適用其他法律的規(guī)定。Article 2 A contract in this Law refers to an agreement among natural persons, legal persons or other organizations as equal parties for the establishment, modification of a relationship involving the civil rights and obligations of such entities. Agreements concerning personal relationships such as marriage,adoption, guardianship, etc.shall be governed by the provisions in other laws. 第三條【平等原則】合同當(dāng)事人的法律地位平等，一方不得將自己的意志強(qiáng)加給另一方。Article 3 Contracting parties shall have equal legal status, and no party may impose its will on the other party. 第四條【合同自由原則】當(dāng)事人依法享有自愿訂立合同的權(quán)利，任何單位和個人不得非法干預(yù)。Article 4 The parties have the right to lawfully enter into a contract of their own free will in accordance with the law, and no unit or individual may illegally interfere therewith.第五條【公平原則】當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循公平原則確定各方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。Article 5 The parties shall adhere to the principle of fairness in deciding their respective rights and obligations.第六條【誠實(shí)信用原則】當(dāng)事人行使權(quán)利、履行義務(wù)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循誠實(shí)信用原則。Article 6 The parties shall observe the principle of honesty and good faith in exercising their rights and performing their obligations.第七條【遵紀(jì)守法原則】當(dāng)事人訂立、履行合同，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律、行政法規(guī)，尊重社會公德，不得擾亂社會經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，損害社會公共利益。Article 7 In concluding and performing a contract, the parties shall comply with the laws and administrative regulations, respect social ethics, and shall not disrupt the social and economic order or impair the public interests.第八條【依合同履行義務(wù)原則】依法成立的合同，對當(dāng)事人具有法律約束力。當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照約定履行自己的義務(wù)，不得擅自變更或者解除合同。依法成立的合同，受法律保護(hù)。Article 8 A lawfully established contract shall be legally binding on the parties thereto, each of whom shall perform its own obligations in accordance with the terms of the contract, and no party shall unilaterally modify or terminate the contract.The contract established according to law is protected by law.第二章合同的訂立Chapter 2 Conclusion of Contracts第九條【訂立合同的能力】當(dāng)事人訂立合同，應(yīng)當(dāng)具有相應(yīng)的民事權(quán)利能力和民事行為能力。當(dāng)事人依法可以委托代理人訂立合同。Article 9 In entering into a contract, the parties shall have appropriate capacities for civil rights and civil acts.A party may appoint an agent to enter into a contract on its behalf in accordance with the law.第十條【合同的形式】當(dāng)事人訂立合同，有書面形式、口頭形式和其他形式。法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定采用書面形式的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用書面形式。當(dāng)事人約定采用書面形式的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用書面形式。Article 10 The parties may use written, oral or other forms in entering into a contract.A contract shall be in written form if the laws or administrative regulations so provide. A contract shall be concluded in written form if the parties so agree.第十一條【書面形式】書面形式是指合同書、信件和數(shù)據(jù)電文（包括電報(bào)、電傳、傳真、電子數(shù)據(jù)交換和電子郵件）等可以有形地表現(xiàn)所載內(nèi)容的形式。Article 11 Written form refers to a form such as a written contractual agreement, letter, electronic data text(including a telegram, telex, fax, electronic data exchange and e-mail)that can tangibly express the contents contained therein.第十二條【合同內(nèi)容】合同的內(nèi)容由當(dāng)事人約定，一般包括以下條款：（一）當(dāng)事人的名稱或者姓名和住所；（二）標(biāo)的；（三）數(shù)量；（四）質(zhì)量；（五）價(jià)款或者報(bào)酬；（六）履行期限、地點(diǎn)和方式；（七）違約責(zé)任；（八）解決爭議的方法。當(dāng)事人可以參照各類合同的示范文本訂立合同。Article 12 The contents of a contract shall be agreed upon by the parties, and shall generally contain the following clauses:(1) titles or names and domiciles of the parties;(2) subject matter;(3) quantity;(4) quality;(5) price or remuneration;(6) time limit, place and method of performance;(7) liability for breach of contract; and(8) method to settle disputes.The parties may conclude a contract by reference to a model text of each kind of contract.第十三條【訂立合同方式】當(dāng)事人訂立合同，采取要約、承諾方式。Article 13 The parties shall conclude a contract in the form of an offer and an acceptance.第十四條【要約】要約是希望和他人訂立合同的意思表示，該意思表示應(yīng)當(dāng)符合下列規(guī)定：（一）內(nèi)容具體確定；（二）表明經(jīng)受要約人承諾，要約人即受該意思表示約束。Article 14 An offer is an expression of an intent to enter into a contract with another person. Such expression of intent shall comply with the following:(1) its contents shall be specific and definite;(2) it indicates that the offeror will be bound by the expression of intent in case of acceptance by the offeree.第十五條【要約邀請】要約邀請是希望他人向自己發(fā)出要約的意思表示。寄送的價(jià)目表、拍賣公告、招標(biāo)公告、招股說明書、商業(yè)廣告等為要約邀請。商業(yè)廣告的內(nèi)容符合要約規(guī)定的，視為要約。Article 15 An invitation for offer is an expression of an intent to invite other parties to make offers thereto. Mailed price lists, public notices of auction and tender, prospectuses and commercial advertisements, etc. are invitations for offer.Where the contents of a commercial advertisement meet the requirements for an offer, it shall be regarded as an offer.第十六條【要約的生效】要約到達(dá)受要約人時(shí)生效。采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同，收件人指定特定系統(tǒng)接收數(shù)據(jù)電文的，該數(shù)據(jù)電文進(jìn)入該特定系統(tǒng)的時(shí)間，視為到達(dá)時(shí)間；未指定特定系統(tǒng)的，該數(shù)據(jù)電文進(jìn)入收件人的任何系統(tǒng)的首次時(shí)間，視為到達(dá)時(shí)間。Article 16 An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree.If a contract is concluded through data-telex, and a recipient designates a specific system to receive the date-telex, the time when the data-telex enters such specific system shall be the time of arrival; if no specific system is appointed, the time when the data-telex first enters any of the recipients systems shall be regarded as the time of arrival.第十七條【要約的撤回】要約可以撤回。撤回要約的通知應(yīng)當(dāng)在要約到達(dá)受要約人之前或者與要約同時(shí)到達(dá)受要約人。Article 17 An offer may be withdrawn. The withdrawal notice shall reach the offeree before or at the same time when the offer arrives.第十八條【要約的撤銷】要約可以撤銷。撤銷要約的通知應(yīng)當(dāng)在受要約人發(fā)出承諾通知之前到達(dá)受要約人。Article 18 An offer may be revoked. The revocation notice shall reach the offeree before it has dispatched a notice of acceptance.第十九條【要約不得撤銷的情形】有下列情形之一的，要約不得撤銷：（一）要約人確定了承諾期限或者以其他形式明示要約不可撤銷；（二）受要約人有理由認(rèn)為要約是不可撤銷的，并已經(jīng)為履行合同作了準(zhǔn)備工作。Article 19 An offer may not be revoked, if(1) the offeror indicates a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise explicitly states that the offer is irrevocable; or(2) the offeree has reasons to rely on the offer as being irrevocable and has made preparation for performing the contact.第二十條【要約的失效】有下列情形之一的，要約失效：（一）拒絕要約的通知到達(dá)要約人；（二）要約人依法撤銷要約；（三）承諾期限屆滿，受要約人未作出承諾；（四）受要約人對要約的內(nèi)容作出實(shí)質(zhì)性變更。Article 20 An offer shall lose efficacy under any of the following circumstances:(1) the notice of rejection reaches the offeror;(2) theofferor revokes the offer in accordance with the law;(3) theofferee fails to dispatch an acceptance before the expiration of the time limit for acceptance;(4) theofferee makes substantial changes to the contents of the offer.第二十一條【承諾的定義】承諾是受要約人同意要約的意思表示。Article 21 An acceptance is the expression of an intention to by the offeree to assent to the offer.第二十二條【承諾的方式】承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)以通知的方式作出，但根據(jù)交易習(xí)慣或者要約表明可以通過行為作出承諾的除外。Article 22 The acceptance shall be made in the form of a notice, except where acceptance may be made by an act on the basis of customary business practice or as expressed in the offer.第二十三條【承諾的期限】承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)在要約確定的期限內(nèi)到達(dá)要約人。要約沒有確定承諾期限的，承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)依照下列規(guī)定到達(dá)：（一）要約以對話方式作出的，應(yīng)當(dāng)即時(shí)作出承諾，但當(dāng)事人另有約定的除外；（二）要約以非對話方式作出的，承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)在合理期限內(nèi)到達(dá)。Article 23 An acceptance shall reach the offeror within the time limit prescribed in the offer.Where no time limit is prescribed in the offer, the acceptance shall reach the offeror in accordance with the following provisions:(1) if the offer is made in dialogues, the acceptance shall be made immediately unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties;(2) If the offer is made in forms other than a dialogue, the acceptance shall reach the offeror within a reasonable period of time.第二十四條【承諾期限的起點(diǎn)】要約以信件或者電報(bào)作出的，承諾期限自信件載明的日期或者電報(bào)交發(fā)之日開始計(jì)算。信件未載明日期的，自投寄該信件的郵戳日期開始計(jì)算。要約以電話、傳真等快速通訊方式作出的，承諾期限自要約到達(dá)受要約人時(shí)開始計(jì)算。Article 24 Where an offer is made by letter or telegram, the time limit for acceptance shall accrue from the date shown in the letter or from the date on which the telegram is handed in for dispatch. If no such date is shown in the letter, it shall accrue from the postmark date on the envelope.Where an offer is made by means of instantaneous communication, such as telephone or facsimile,etc. the time limit for acceptance shall accrue from the moment that the offer reaches the offeree.第二十五條【合同成立時(shí)間】承諾生效時(shí)合同成立。Article 25 A contract is established when the acceptance becomes effective.第二十六條【承諾的生效】承諾通知到達(dá)要約人時(shí)生效。承諾不需要通知的，根據(jù)交易習(xí)慣或者要約的要求作出承諾的行為時(shí)生效。采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同的，承諾到達(dá)的時(shí)間適用本法第十六條第二款的規(guī)定。Article 26 An acceptance becomes effective when its notice reaches the offeror. If notice of acceptance is not required, the acceptance shall become effective when an act of acceptance is performed in accordance with transaction practices or as required in the offer.Where a contract is concluded in the form of date-telex, the time of arrival of an acceptance shall be governed by the provisions of Paragraph 2, Article 16 of this Law.第二十七條【承諾的撤回】承諾可以撤回。撤回承諾的通知應(yīng)當(dāng)在承諾通知到達(dá)要約人之前或者與承諾通知同時(shí)到達(dá)要約人。Article 27 An acceptance may be withdrawn, but a notice of withdrawal shall reach the offeror before or at the same time when the notice of acceptance reaches the offeror.第二十八條【新要約】受要約人超過承諾期限發(fā)出承諾的，除要約人及時(shí)通知受要約人該承諾有效的以外，為新要約。Article 28 Where an offeree makes an acceptance beyond the time limit for acceptance, the acceptance shall be a new offer except that the offeror promptly informs the offeree of the effectiveness of the said acceptance.第二十九條【遲到的承諾】受要約人在承諾期限內(nèi)發(fā)出承諾，按照通常情形能夠及時(shí)到達(dá)要約人，但因其他原因承諾到達(dá)要約人時(shí)超過承諾期限的，除要約人及時(shí)通知受要約人因承諾超過期限不接受該承諾的以外，該承諾有效。Article 29 If the offeree dispatched the acceptance within the time limit specified for acceptance, and under normal circumstances the acceptance would have reached the offeror in due time, but due to other reasons the acceptance reaches the offeror after the time limit for acceptance has expired,such acceptance shall be effective, unless the offeror notifies the offeree in a timely manner that it does not accept the acceptance due to the failure of the acceptance to arrive within the time limit.第三十條【承諾的變更】承諾的內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)與要約的內(nèi)容一致。受要約人對要約的內(nèi)容作出實(shí)質(zhì)性變更的，為新要約。有關(guān)合同標(biāo)的、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、價(jià)款或者報(bào)酬、履行期限、履行地點(diǎn)和方式、違約責(zé)任和解決爭議方法等的變更，是對要約內(nèi)容的實(shí)質(zhì)性變更。Article 30 The contents of an acceptance shall comply with those of the offer. If the offeree substantially modifies the contents of the offer, it shall constitute a new offer. The modification relating to the subject matter, quality, quantity, price or remuneration, time or place or method of performance, liabilities for breach of contract and method of dispute resolution, etc. shall constitute the substantial modification of an offer.第三十一條【承諾的內(nèi)容】承諾對要約的內(nèi)容作出非實(shí)質(zhì)性變更的，除要約人及時(shí)表示反對或者要約表明承諾不得對要約的內(nèi)容作出任何變更的以外，該承諾有效，合同的內(nèi)容以承諾的內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。Article 31 If the acceptance does not substantially modifies the contents of the offer, it shall be effective, and the contents of the contract shall be subject to those of the acceptance, except as rejected promptly by the offeror or indicated in the offer that an acceptance may not modify the offer at all.第三十二條【合同成立時(shí)間】當(dāng)事人采用合同書形式訂立合同的，自雙方當(dāng)事人簽字或者蓋章時(shí)合同成立。Article 32 Where the parties conclude a contract in written form, the contract is established when it is signed or sealed by the parties.第三十三條【確認(rèn)書與合同成立】當(dāng)事人采用信件、數(shù)據(jù)電文等形式訂立合同的，可以在合同成立之前要求簽訂確認(rèn)書。簽訂確認(rèn)書時(shí)合同成立。Article 33 Where the parties conclude the contract in the form of letters or data-telex, etc., one party may request to sign a letter of confirmation before the conclusion of the contract. The contract shall be established at the time when the letter of confirmation is signed.第三十四條【合同成立地點(diǎn)】承諾生效的地點(diǎn)為合同成立的地點(diǎn)。采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同的，收件人的主營業(yè)地為合同成立的地點(diǎn)；沒有主營業(yè)地的，其經(jīng)常居住地為合同成立的地點(diǎn)。當(dāng)事人另有約定的，按照其約定。Article 34 The place of effectiveness of an acceptance shall be the place of the establishment of the contract.If the contract is concluded in the form of data-telex, the main business place of the recipient shall be the place of establishment. If the recipient does not have a main business place, its habitual residence shall be considered to be the place of establishment. Where the parties agree otherwise, such agreement shall apply.第三十五條【書面合同成立地點(diǎn)】當(dāng)事人采用合同書形式訂立合同的，雙方當(dāng)事人簽字或者蓋章的地點(diǎn)為合同成立的地點(diǎn)。Article 35 Where the parties conclude a contract in written form, the place where both parties sign or affix their seals on the contract shall be the place of establishment.第三十六條【書面合同與合同成立】法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定或者當(dāng)事人約定采用書面形式訂立合同，當(dāng)事人未采用書面形式但一方已經(jīng)履行主要義務(wù)，對方接受的，該合同成立。Article 36 Where a contract is to be concluded in written form as required by relevant laws and administrative regulations or as agreed by the parties, and the parties failed to conclude the contract in written form, but one party has performed the principal obligation and the other party has accepted it, the contract is established.第三十七條【合同書與合同成立】采用合同書形式訂立合同，在簽字或者蓋章之前，當(dāng)事人一方已經(jīng)履行主要義務(wù)，對方接受的，該合同成立。Article 37 Where a contract is to be concluded in written form, if one party has performed its principal obligation and the other party has accepted it before signing or sealing of the contract, the contract is established.第三十八條【依國家計(jì)劃訂立合同】國家根據(jù)需要下達(dá)指令性任務(wù)或者國家訂貨任務(wù)的，有關(guān)法人、其他組織之間應(yīng)當(dāng)依照有關(guān)法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的權(quán)利和義務(wù)訂立合同。Article 38 Where the State has issued a mandatory plan or a State purchasing order based on necessity,the relevant legal persons and the other organizations shall conclude a contract between them in accordance with the rights and obligations as stipulated by the relevant laws and administrative regulations.第三十九條【格式合同條款定義及使用人義務(wù)】采用格式條款訂立合同的，提供格式條款的一方應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循公平原則確定當(dāng)事人之間的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，并采取合理的方式提請對方注意免除或者限制其責(zé)任的條款，按照對方的要求，對該條款予以說明。格式條款是當(dāng)事人為了重復(fù)使用而預(yù)先擬定，并在訂立合同時(shí)未與對方協(xié)商的條款。Article 39 Where standard terms are adopted in concluding a contract, the party supplying the standard terms shall define the rights and obligations between the parties abiding by the principle of fairness, and shall inform the other party to note the exclusion or restriction of its liabilities in a reasonable way, and shall explain the standard terms upon request by the otherparty.Standard terms are clauses that are prepared in advance for general and repeated use by one party, and which are not negotiated with the other party when the contract is concluded.第四十條【格式合同條款的無效】格式條款具有本法第五十二條和第五十三條規(guī)定情形的，或者提供格式條款一方免除其責(zé)任、加重對方責(zé)任、排除對方主要權(quán)利的，該條款無效。Article 40 When standard terms are under the circumstances stipulated in Articles 52 and 53 of this Law,or the party which supplies the standard terms exempts itself from its liabilities, increases the liabilities of the other party, and deprives the material rights of the other party, the terms shall be invalid.第四十一條【格式合同的解釋】對格式條款的理解發(fā)生爭議的，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照通常理解予以解釋。對格式條款有兩種以上解釋的，應(yīng)當(dāng)作出不利于提供格式條款一方的解釋。格式條款和非格式條款不一致的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用非格式條款。Article 41 If a dispute over the understanding of the standard terms occurs, it shall be interpreted in accordance with common understanding. Where there are two or more kinds of interpretation, an interpretation unfavorable to the party supplying the standard terms shall prevail. Where the standard terms are inconsistent with non-standard terms, the latter shall prevail.第四十二條【締約過失】當(dāng)事人在訂立合同過程中有下列情形之一，給對方造成損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)損害賠償責(zé)任：（一）假借訂立合同，惡意進(jìn)行磋商；（二）故意隱瞞與訂立合同有關(guān)的重要事實(shí)或者提供虛假情況；（三）有其他違背誠實(shí)信用原則的行為。Article 42 The party shall be liable for damage if it is under one of the following circumstances in concluding a contract and thus causing losses to the other party:(1) pretending to conclude a contract, and negotiating in bad faith;(2) deliberately concealing important facts relating to the conclusion of the contract or providing false information;(3) performing other acts which violate the principle of good faith.第四十三條【保密義務(wù)】當(dāng)事人在訂立合同過程中知悉的商業(yè)秘密，無論合同是否成立，不得泄露或者不正當(dāng)?shù)厥褂?。泄露或者不正?dāng)?shù)厥褂迷撋虡I(yè)秘密給對方造成損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)損害賠償責(zé)任。Article 43 A trade secret the parties learn in concluding a contract shall not be disclosed or improperly used, no matter the contract is established or not. If the party discloses or improperly uses such trade secret and thus causing loss to the other party, it shall be liable for damages.第三章合同的效力Chapter 3 Validity of Contracts第四十四條【合同的生效】依法成立的合同，自成立時(shí)生效。法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)辦理批準(zhǔn)、登記等手續(xù)生效的，依照其規(guī)定。Article 44 The contract established according to law becomes effective upon its establishment.With regard to contracts that are subject to approval or registration as stipulated by relevant laws or administrative regulations, the provisions thereof shall be followed.第四十五條【附條件的合同】當(dāng)事人對合同的效力可以約定附條件。附生效條件的合同，自條件成就時(shí)生效。附解除條件的合同，自條件成就時(shí)失效。當(dāng)事人為自己的利益不正當(dāng)?shù)刈柚箺l件成就的，視為條件已成就；不正當(dāng)?shù)卮俪蓷l件成就的，視為條件不成就。Article 45 The parties may agree on that the effectiveness of a contract be subject to certain conditions. A contract whose effectiveness is subject to certain conditions shall become effective when such conditions are accomplished. The contract with dissolving conditions shall become invalid when such conditions are satisfied.If a party improperly prevent the satisfaction of a condition for its own interests, the condition shall be regarded as having been accomplished. If a party improperly facilitates the satisfaction of a condition, such condition shall be regarded as not to have been satisfied.第四十六條【附期限的合同】當(dāng)事人對合同的效力可以約定附期限。附生效期限的合同，自期限屆至?xí)r生效。附終止期限的合同，自期限屆滿時(shí)失效。Article 46 The parties may agree on a conditional time period as to the effectiveness of the contract. A contract subject to an effective time period shall come into force when the period expires. A contract with termination time period shall become invalid when the period expires.第四十七條【限制行為能力人訂立的合同】限制民事行為能力人訂立的合同，經(jīng)法定代理人追認(rèn)后，該合同有效，但純獲利益的合同或者與其年齡、智力、精神健康狀況相適應(yīng)而訂立的合同，不必經(jīng)法定代理人追認(rèn)。相對人可以催告法定代理人在一個月內(nèi)予以追認(rèn)。法定代理人未作表示的，視為拒絕追認(rèn)。合同被追認(rèn)之前，善意相對人有撤銷的權(quán)利。撤銷應(yīng)當(dāng)以通知的方式作