專題講解冠詞.doc

第二章 冠詞冠詞是置于名詞前，對名詞起限制作用的一種虛詞。冠詞可以說是名詞的一種標示，它不能離開名詞而單獨存在。一冠詞的分類。冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞。（一）.不定冠詞a/an。 (1).a 用于輔音音素或半元音/j/、/w/開頭的單詞。例如：a pear ,a uniform , a one, yuan . (2)an 用于以元音音素開頭的單詞。例如：an apple， an hour，an honest boy 一個誠實的男孩。2.不定冠詞的用法。(1)用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，表示“一”，例如：I have a new pencil-box.(2)表示一類人或事物。An elephant is strong. 大象是強壯的。（3）第一次提到的人或物，例如：Look, a boy is crying in the street. 3.用于固定搭配的詞組，例如： have a look a lot of have a good time a great deal of (+不可數(shù)名詞) 大量 take a break a number of (+可數(shù)名詞) 許多 take a walk a few (+可數(shù)名詞)許多 in a hurry 急匆匆地 a few (+可數(shù)名詞) 一些 half an hour 半小時 a little (+不可數(shù)名詞) 一些典型例題：( ) There is _ “c” and _ “m” in the world “classroom”.A. a, a B. an, an C. a, an D. an, a 正確答案 C解題思路 c 的發(fā)音是/si:/,屬于輔音音素開頭，前面應用a,而m的發(fā)音是/em/,屬于元音音素開頭，前面應用an，所以C是正確的，像這樣以元音音素開頭的字母還有：a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。二，定冠詞 the 定冠詞the可放在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復數(shù)以及不可數(shù)名詞的前面。1. 定冠詞the的用法（1） 特指某些人或物，例如： Give me the book. (2)指前面提到過的人防或物，例如： I have a dog. The dog is white. (3)指談話雙方都知道的人或事。What do you think of the film. (4)指宇宙獨一無二的東西，例如： The earth ,The moon , The sunThe earth goes around the sun.(5)用于單數(shù)名詞前表示一類人或事，例如:The horse is an useful animal.(6)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前加定冠詞January is the first month of the year.一月是一年的第一個月份。Who is the tallest boy in your classroom? 誰是班上最高的男孩？(8)用于方位和位置前。at the top of. 在的頂部at the back of. 在的后部at the bottom of . 在的底部in the middle of . 在的中間(9)與水有關(guān)的名詞,如海,洋,河,運河,湖。the Changjiang River 長江 the Suez Canal 蘇伊士運河the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 ， the Yellow Sea 黑海 he West Lake 西湖（10）)用于某些專有名詞前，例如：群島，山脈 the Hawiian Islands 夏威夷群島 the Alps(阿爾卑斯山)報紙,雜志： the New York Times 紐約時報，the Peoples Daily 人民時報公共建筑物：the Great Wall長城， the White House(白宮）朝代、時態(tài)：the Stone Age石器時代 ， the Ming Dynasty 明朝組織機構(gòu)： the United Nations 聯(lián)合國(10)用于含有普通名詞的專有名字，例如：the United States of America 美利堅合眾國the People of Republic of China 中華人民共和國the Summer Palace 頤和園(11)用于姓氏復數(shù)姓氏前，表示一家人，例如： The Wangs are having dinner now.姓王的一家正在吃晚餐。（12）用于樂器名詞前，例如：Play the piano/ the violin/the guitar 彈鋼琴/拉小提琴/彈吉他(13)用于一些形容詞或分詞之前，表示某一類人，注意后面的動詞要復數(shù)，例如： the poor 窮人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the living 生者 The young should respect the old. 年輕人應該尊重老年人。2. 用于固定搭配的詞組。例如：make the bed 鋪床 at the beginning of 在開始的時候lay the table 擺餐具 in the end 最后 on the right/left 在右/左邊 to tell the truth 說實話by the way 順便說法一下 in the morning/afternoon/evening go to the cinema 去看電影 at the moment 此刻on the whole 總之 in the least 一點典型例句( )_ young lady by _ window is my aunt.A. The, a B. A, the C. The, the D.A, a解析：the young lady 中的the 表示特指某人，by the window 中的the window 表示談話雙方都知道的是事情。一 零冠詞。以下幾種情況下不用任何冠詞。1. 在年份、季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前，不加冠詞。January 一月 Sunday 星期日 National Day 國慶假 Christmas Day圣誕節(jié) New Years Day 元旦 winter 冬天2. 在國名，人名和地名前通常不加冠詞，例如：China 中國 Europe 歐洲 Linda 琳達3. 一日三餐前不加冠詞，例如：All the students have lunch at school. 所有學生在學校吃午餐。 注意：三餐前不加冠詞，但是可以加形容詞性的物主代詞，例如：I had my breakfast at home this morning.今天早上我在加吃早餐。4. 球類運動或游戲前不加冠詞。例如：play basketball/football/volleyball/tennis/ chess 6，可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式前不加冠詞，表示一類： I like apples. Rabbits are lovely.7.表示交通工具或通訊方式的名詞前不加冠詞。 by bus/car/taxi/train/plane on foot by radio/telephone/ e-mail 通過收音機/電話/電子郵件 8.零冠詞的固定搭配的詞組，例如： go to school 上學 at school go to town 進城 at nigh 在夜晚 go to bed 睡覺 at noon 在中午 at home in hospital (生病)住院典型例題( )_ children are very happy on _ Childrens Day.A. The, the B./,/ C./,the D.A,/I.在下列名詞前加上a或an。001._ eraser 011._ coat002. _knife 012_overcoat003. _hour 013. _waiter004. _tiger 014. _actor005. _orange 015. _useful book006. _university 016. _interesting movie007. _melon 017. _ant008. _garden 018. _spider009. _elephant 019. _Chinese boy010. _fox 020. _American girlII.用a, an, the或/填空。021. _ moon is bright in _ sky.022.There is_ orange skirt on _ bed._ skirt is Marys.023.John goes to _ town by _ car every weekend.024.Peter likes playing _ football.025.Jenny often plays _ piano after _ supper in the evening.026.Where is your grandma? She is taking _ walk in _ garden.027.Peter goes to _ school at 7:30 every morning.028.Where is your classroom? Its on _ third floor.029.In some countries_ the rich are getting richer and _poor are Getting poor.030.My uncle has got a _ dog and _ cat._dog is white and _ cat is brown.031.After _supper, I often watch TV news for half _ hour.032.This is _ shortest way to _ science Museum.033._ boy in blue is _ tallest student in my class.034.At_ top of the bookshelf, there is_ old picture.035.Well have _ art lesson tomorrow afternoon.III.選擇填空。( ) 036. Let me have_ look. Its _ ant.A. a, a B. a, an C. the, an ( ) 037._ sun rises in _ east.A. The, the B.A. / C.A, the ( ) 038.By _ way, its _ only pen I have in my pencil-box.A. The, / B. the, the C./, the ( ) 039. Well have _ English lesson in _ afternoon.A. an, / B. a, the C. an, the ( ) 040. _ usually goes to church everyday.A. The Brown B. Browns C. The Browns( ) 041._ Smiths come from _ America.A. The, the B. /,/ C. The, /( ) 042. We play _ badminton under _ tree.A. The, the B./,/ C. a /the( )043 Lets go for _ walk after _ supper.A. a, / B. /, the C. a, the( ) 044. We often play _ basketball in _ afternoon.A. /, / B. /, the C. the, the ( ) 045. I have _ uncle who lives in _ Japan.A. an, / B. a, the C. an, the( )046. There is _ “h” and _ “d” in the word “hand”.A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a ( ) 047. There is _ old man at _ school gate.A. an, / B. an, the C. the, the ( ) 048.We shall be late if we dont take _ taxi.A. the B. a C./( )049.He is _teacher, _ English teacher.A. a, an B. a, the C. the, the ( ) 050._ Shanghai is one of _ biggest cities in China.A. The, the B./, the C./, a( ) 051. London is _ capital of _Britain.A. the, the B. the, / C. /, /( ) 052. What an _ interesting story it is.A. a B. an C. the ( ) 053. It was _hottest day in last summer and I went there by _taxi.A. /, the B. the, a C. the, /( ) 054. _ boy over there is from _ korea.A. The, / B. A, / C. The, the ( ) 055. Jenny eats _ egg and _ glass of milk in the morning.A. an ,an B. a, a C. an, a ( ) 056. _ English teachers office in on _f third book.A. The, / B. /, the C. The, the ( ) 057. The man took _ bus to buy _English book.A. a, a B. a, an C. /, an ( ) 058. - Where is _ eraser? - Oh, its under _ chair.A. the, the B. /, the C./, /( ) 059. We often play _ table tennis after _ school.A. the, the B. /, the C. /, / ( ) 060. Lets go to _ cinema this weekend , OK?A. a B. the C./IV.閱讀短文，根據(jù)需要填入適當?shù)墓谠~a, an 或the，在不需要處填/。 (1) This is 061. clock. Its on 062 wall of my room. Maybe you dont know it. Now let me tell you something about it. It has two hand. One is big, 063 other is short. 064 long hand is 065 minute hand and there are 60 minutes in 066 hour. 067 short hand is 068 hour hand and there are 24 hours in 069 day. What time is it now? Its eight oclock. I must do my homework now. After that I will go to 070 bed. Goodbye. (2) My name is Mary. I have no school today. I get up in 071 morning. My parents and I go to 072 small village by 073 bus. We visit 074 farmers house. 075 farmers family is very glad to see us. Their house is very big and clean. Its near a lake. They can catch fish in 076. lake. There are some fruit trees behind his house and there is 077. vegetable garden. Near 078 garden there is 079. small house .Thats for 080. animals. The farmer often sells his chickens, ducks, fish, and vegetables. They are very busy but they are very happy.V.完形填空。 （1） Whats 081 most important thing is 082 world? I think it is to be happy. We can live without money, house, cars or computers, but we cant live 083. happy life if we are not healthy. Then how can we keep healthy? First, we must eat healthily. We should eat meat, vegetables, fruit and other kinds of food. Taking exercise is also very important. It can help us build 084. strong body If you dont like sports you can walk for half 085. hour after 086. meals. Second, we must stay happy 087 . I think making friends is on of 088. best ways to help us to stay heathy. Because when we are with our friends , we can share our happiness with them, or we can tell them of our worries. Then we will be happy. 089. , keeping healthy is very important . Lets 090. of ourselves.( )081. A/ B. the C.a ( ) 082. A. the B. a C. /( ) 083. A. a B./ C.the( ) 084. A./ B. a C.the ( ) 085. A. the B. a C.an ( ) 086. A. a B. the C./( ) 086. A. a B. the C. /( ) 087. A. all time B. all the time C. all a time ( ) 088. A. a B. the C. / ( ) 089