古文翻譯-師說.doc

師說On Learning from Others古之學(xué)者必有師，師者，所以傳道受業(yè)解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能無惑？惑而不從師，其為惑也，終不解矣。生乎吾前，其聞道也固先乎吾，吾從而師之，生乎吾后，其聞道也亦先乎吾，吾從而師之。吾師道也，夫庸知其年之后生于吾乎？是故，無貴無賤，無長(zhǎng)無少，道之所存，師之所存也。Learning necessitates an instructor, on whom we depend to impart knowledge to us, teach us the way of life and solve our puzzles. Who would claim to be free of bewilderment since no one was born omniscient? If we feel unsure about something and do not learn from others, the uncertainty will not be solved all the same. Those who were born before me would probably know the way of life before me, I should learn from them; those who were born after me but knew the way of life before me, I should also learn from them. Whats the matter of someone being older or younger than me when I intend to learn from him or her? Therefore, a talented person deserves to be learned from whether he or she is noble or simple, old or young.嗟乎！師道之不傳也久矣！欲人之無惑也難矣！古之圣人，其出人也遠(yuǎn)矣，猶且從師而問焉；今之眾人，其下圣人也亦遠(yuǎn)矣，而恥學(xué)于師。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以為圣，愚人之所以為愚，其皆出于此乎？愛其子，擇師而教之；于其身也，則恥師焉，惑矣！。彼童子之師，授之書而習(xí)其句讀者，非吾所謂傳其道解其惑者也。句讀之不知，惑之不解，或師焉，或不焉，小學(xué)而大遺，吾未見其明也。巫醫(yī)，樂師，百工之人，不恥相師。士大夫之族，日師日弟子云者，則群聚而笑之。問之，則曰：“彼與彼年相若也，道相似也，位卑則足羞，官盛則近庚?！眴韬?！師道之不復(fù)，可知矣。巫醫(yī)樂師百工之人，君子不齒，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也歟！Alas, it is a long time since the tradition of learning from others was cut off. So it is difficult to expect people to be free from puzzles. Saints of ancient times outdid us in virtue, but they still learned from others; common people of today fall behind far off, but they take it as a shame to learn from others. As a result, the wise becomes wiser and the fool more foolish. Is this the outcome of the phenomenon? A devoted parent hires an instructor to teach his offspring but feels shameful to learn himself. How stupid he is. The hired teacher teaching someone to read and write is not the one who teaches us to know the way of life and solves our puzzles. How can someone who cannot even read and writhe solve his bewilderment? To this, he may learn from others or may not do so at all. It is not wise or advisable to learn to solve petty fleabites but miss to learn to resolve worrying puzzles. Medicine men, musicians and handicraftsmen are not feeling shameful to learn from each others advantage. Pedantic scholars would gather together laughing someone who learns from others. I asked them and they responded, “Suppose someone is as knowledgeable as you and of about the same age, it would be shameful to learn from him if he is inferior to you and somehow flattering to do the same if he is a noble rank official.” Alas, I know why the tradition of learning from others is cut off. Pedantic scholars are despising medicine men, musicians and handicraftsmen, however, they, in return, are not wiser than them at all. How strange it is.圣人無常師?？鬃訋熪白?、萇弘、師襄、老聃。郯子之陡，其賢不及孔子?？鬃釉唬喝诵校赜形?guī)?。是故弟子不必不如師，師不必賢于弟子，聞道有先之后，術(shù)業(yè)有專攻，如是而已。Saints have not just learned something from one instructor. Confucius (551-479 BC) once learned from Tanzi (?), Changhong (?-492 BC), Shixiang (?) and Laozi (?). Confucius once said that there was always something to learn from among any three people walking. So a disciple does not have to be wiser and more knowledgeable than his instructor, and vice versa. One learns the way of life earlier or later than others and has his own professional skills. That is the way it is.李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文、六藝，經(jīng)傳皆通習(xí)之，不拘于時(shí)，學(xué)于余。余嘉其能行古道，作師說以貽之。Li Pan, a seventeen-year-old boy, is fond of Classic Chinese wri