Unit 17 英漢篇章翻譯(二).doc

Unit 17 英漢篇章翻譯（二）課時(shí)安排：2節(jié)教學(xué)目的要求：了解如何使用各種技巧進(jìn)行篇章的翻譯。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：把握在語(yǔ)篇翻譯中使用各種翻譯技巧，了解科技語(yǔ)篇翻譯的特點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及其處理。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：科技用語(yǔ)的翻譯。教學(xué)內(nèi)容：Spaceships of the Future 1. The furthest we have been is the Moon. If we want to travel into deep space, beyond our own backyard, the Solar System, well never need a new breed of spacecraft. （省略） 我們迄今所到過(guò)最遠(yuǎn)的地方是月球。要想穿越地球的后院太陽(yáng)系，進(jìn)入外層空間，我們需要一種新型的宇宙飛船。 2. It may be the oldest clich in town, but in the not too distant future science fiction will turn into science fact. The fantastic spaceships of sci-fi comic books and novels will no longer be a figment of our creative imagination; they may be the real vision of our future. 飛天，也許是城里人老掉牙的傳說(shuō)。（也許是老生常談）。但在不久的將來(lái)，科幻小說(shuō)將變成科學(xué)事實(shí)?？苹眠B環(huán)圖畫(huà)雜志和小說(shuō)中各種奇特怪異的宇宙飛船，將不再是人類(lèi)創(chuàng)造性的一點(diǎn)空想，它們可能是將來(lái)的真實(shí)情景（景象）。 技巧點(diǎn)撥：縮略詞的翻譯1) 首字母縮寫(xiě)acronymPC personal computer 個(gè)人電腦IDDD international direct distance dialing 國(guó)際長(zhǎng)途直撥DNA deoxyribonucleic acid 脫氧核糖核酸DOS disc operation system 磁盤(pán)操作系統(tǒng)CPU central processing unit 中央處理器Telecom telecommunication 電信2) 拼湊法Sicom situation comedy 情景喜劇Psywar psychological war 心理戰(zhàn)Biorhythm biological rhythm生物節(jié)奏Comsat communication satellite 通信衛(wèi)星Minicom miniature computer 微型電腦Telecon telephone conference 電話會(huì)議（以上例子出自陳秋勁，P119， 郭著章， P 231） 3. Engineers and designers are already designing craft capable of propelling us beyond the Earths orbit, the Moon and the planets. Theyre designing interstellar spaceships capable of travel across the vast emptiness of deep space to distant stars and new planets in our unending quest to conquer and discover. Our Universe contains over a billion galaxies; star cities each with a hundred billion inhabitants. Around these stars must exist planets and perhaps life. The temptation to explore these new realms is too great. 工程師和設(shè)計(jì)者已在著手進(jìn)行飛船的設(shè)計(jì)工作，這種飛船能將人類(lèi)送離地球的軌道，月球甚至是（九大）行星之外的太空。他們正在設(shè)計(jì)能穿越浩瀚的外層空間， 到達(dá)遙遠(yuǎn)的恒星和新的行星，以助人類(lèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)不斷征服和揭開(kāi)宇宙奧秘的追求。整個(gè)宇宙擁有十幾億個(gè)星系，每個(gè)星系就是一座星城，上有“居民”千億顆。這些恒星周?chē)囟ㄓ行行?，也許有生命存在。探索這些未知（新）的領(lǐng)域（王國(guó)）實(shí)在太具吸引力了。 4. First things first- well have to build either a giant orbiting launch platform, far bigger than the International Space Station(ISS), or a permanently manned lunar base to provide a springboard for the stars. Some planners feel we should limit ourselves to robotic probes, but others are firmly committed to sending humans. “Theres a debate right now about how to explore space”, says astronaut Bill Shepherd, destined to be the first live-board Commander of the ISS. “Humans or machinesI think theyre complementary”. 重要的事情先來(lái)。我們必須建造一座巨型的軌道發(fā)射臺(tái)，其規(guī)模要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大雨國(guó)際空間站，或者，建立一個(gè)永久性有人入駐的月球基地，作為飛往周?chē)阈堑摹疤濉?。一些設(shè)計(jì)者認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該控制在機(jī)器探測(cè)的限度內(nèi)，而其他設(shè)計(jì)者則堅(jiān)決主張將人送入太空?！澳壳罢诰腿绾翁剿魈盏膯?wèn)題展開(kāi)辯論，”宇航員比爾 謝潑得如是說(shuō)。他被任命為國(guó)際空間站的首任駐站指揮官，“人或機(jī)器我們認(rèn)為兩者是相輔相成的?！?The human problems 5. Space is the most hostile environment we will ever explore. Even a single five-hour spacewalk requires months of training, and a vast technical backup to keep it safe. The astronauts and cosmonauts who live aboard the ISS will be there for only a few weeks or months; if we want to travel into deep space it could take years. First well have to find out just how long the human body can survive in a weightless environment. In zero gravity, four pints of body fluid rush from the legs to the head where it stays for the duration of the mission. Astronauts often feel as if they have a permanent cold, and disorientation can become a major problem. In space theres no physical sensation to let you know when youre upside down and astronauts have to rely on visual clues from their surroundings. A few hours after reaching orbit, one in three of all astronauts will experience space sickness-a feeling rather like carsickness. And weightless conditions lead to calcium being leached from the bones, and problems with the astronauts immune systems.Astronaut: person who travels in a spacecraft宇航員、航天員、太空人Astronomy: scientific study of the sun, moon, stars, planets etc. 天文學(xué)Cosmonaut: Russian astronaut (俄羅斯的)宇航員,太空人;cosmology scientific study of the universe and its origin and development 宇宙學(xué)Taikonaut: 中國(guó)太空人 太空是人類(lèi)探索的最為惡劣的環(huán)境。即便是一趟5小時(shí)的太空行走，也需要數(shù)月的強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，以及龐大（大量）的技術(shù)支持來(lái)確保安全。居住在國(guó)際空間站的美蘇宇航員將只在太空中逗留幾周或幾個(gè)月；但假使我們想要進(jìn)入太陽(yáng)系外的外層空間，則需要好幾年。首先，我們得確定人體在失重的情況下能堅(jiān)持多久。在零重力（失重）的環(huán)境中，有將近4品脫的血液會(huì)從腿部流向頭部，并且，這種狀況一直會(huì)持續(xù)要太空任務(wù)結(jié)束為止。宇航員會(huì)有一種持久的寒冷感，搞不清方向?qū)⑹撬麄冇龅降淖畲髥?wèn)題。在太空中，你無(wú)法從生理上感知自己是倒立還是站著，宇航員只能通過(guò)觀察周?chē)沫h(huán)境以作出判斷。在進(jìn)入軌道后的幾小時(shí)內(nèi)，三名宇航員中便會(huì)有一人會(huì)出現(xiàn)宇宙?。ㄌ詹。┮环N類(lèi)似暈車(chē)的感覺(jué)。同時(shí)，失重的環(huán)境會(huì)導(dǎo)致鈣質(zhì)從骨骼中流失，并引起宇航員免疫系統(tǒng)紊亂。 技巧點(diǎn)撥：搭配與對(duì)策有些短語(yǔ)在一種語(yǔ)言中搭配完全沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，但到另一種語(yǔ)言中，如果死譯過(guò)去，會(huì)出現(xiàn)搭配不當(dāng)問(wèn)題。1) Space is the most hostile environment we will ever explore. Hostile: showing strong dislike or enmity, very unfriendly 顯示極厭惡的，含敵意的，極不友好的太空是人類(lèi)探索的最為惡劣的環(huán)境。2.)By your gracious cooperation in the transition process, you have shown a watching world that we are a united people pledged to maintaining a political system which guarantees individual liberty to a greater degree than any other.Gracious: kind, polite and generous, 和善的、有禮貌的，大方的在舉世注目之下，你在權(quán)力交接過(guò)程中給予的精誠(chéng)合作，向世人表明，我們是一個(gè)團(tuán)結(jié)的民族，堅(jiān)決貫徹我們的政治制度，它保證個(gè)人能夠享受比任何其他政治制度下都要大的自由。3) Protection from the extreme hazards of space is going to need some clever technology.Clever: showing intelligence or skill, ingenious為了避免太空中隱藏的巨大危險(xiǎn)，我們需要一些先進(jìn)精巧的技術(shù)手段。 6. Trillions of rocky fragmentsmeteoroidsroam our Solar System at speeds of up to 150,000 miles an hour. A meteoroid no bigger than a grain of salt could pierce a spaceship window. Protection from the extreme hazards of space is going to need some clever technology. Space is also full of lethal radiation-X-rays, gamma rays and the high-speed particles called cosmic rays. 無(wú)數(shù)巖石塊，即流行體，以每小時(shí)15萬(wàn)英里的速度漫游在太陽(yáng)系中。即便是鹽粒大小的流行題也足以穿透宇宙飛船的船窗。為了避免太空中隱藏的巨大危險(xiǎn)，我們需要一些先進(jìn)精巧的技術(shù)手段。同時(shí)，宇宙中充滿(mǎn)了致命的射線X射線，射線，還有被稱(chēng)為宇宙射線的高速粒子束。 技巧點(diǎn)撥：數(shù)字的翻譯 （1）等值翻譯：a drop in the ocean滄海一粟within a stones throw一箭之遙ki11 two birds with one stone一箭雙雕（2）不等值翻譯：at sixes and sevens亂七八糟on second thoughts再三考慮by ones and twos兩兩地，零零落落地（3）不必譯出One mans meat is another mans poison.人各有所好。Ill love you three score and ten.我會(huì)一輩子愛(ài)你的。Ten to one he has forgotten it很可能他已經(jīng)忘了。His mark in math is second to none in the class.他的數(shù)學(xué)分?jǐn)?shù)在班上是名列前茅的。The parson official1y pronounced that they became one。 牧師正式宣告他們成婚。 7. Down here on Earth we are protected by the atmosphere and by our planets magnetic field, but in space long haul astronauts suffer gradual but irreversible radiation sickness unless they are carefully shielded. Commander Shepherd is confident the ISS will help us crack the problems. “The ISS is going to answer a number of questions about long range exploration in space. A lot of things are going to be pioneered on the space station for future exploration. 在地球上，我們受到大氣層及地球磁場(chǎng)的保護(hù)，而在太空中，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間逗留的宇航員會(huì)逐漸患上無(wú)法根治的輻射病，除非他們的身體都能防護(hù)得滴水不漏。謝潑得指揮官很有信心地認(rèn)為，國(guó)際空間站能幫助我們解決這些問(wèn)題?！皣?guó)際空間站將對(duì)許多有關(guān)遠(yuǎn)距太空探索的問(wèn)題作出解答。許多事物將在空間站中得到首次嘗試，為將來(lái)進(jìn)一步探索提供基礎(chǔ)?！盓xercise: Its Only Rocket Science純粹火箭科學(xué)1. Scientists are already experimenting with propulsion systems that may travel much faster than todays conventional chemical rockets. Franklin Changs plasma rocket may be the answer. “In a plasma rocket youre continually accelerating,” he explains.科學(xué)家們正在研制比目前化學(xué)燃料火箭飛行更快速的推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)。弗蘭克林研制的等離子火箭也為我們提供了答案?！暗入x子火箭能夠做到持續(xù)加速”，他解釋道。 2. A trip to Mars could be cut to 90 days, claims Chang. His rocket harnesses a nuclear process to produce a hot gas plasma. The plasma is magnetically held in a rocket the shape of a bottle and then expelled at very high velocity to provide propulsion. The plasma has to be heated to millions of degrees. Chang believes his system will be too good just to reach Mars. “I think it will quickly be developed for interplanetary travel within our Solar System”. The plasma rocket is now under development at NASAs Houston laboratories. 他聲稱(chēng)，到火星的航程能因此而縮短至90天。他設(shè)計(jì)的火箭能利用核反應(yīng)過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的一種高溫的氣態(tài)等離子體。這種等離子體被磁場(chǎng)以瓶狀形態(tài)控制在火箭內(nèi)部，然后，以極高的速度噴射而出，從而產(chǎn)生巨大的推進(jìn)力。這種等離子體必須加熱至數(shù)百萬(wàn)度的高溫。陳認(rèn)為，他研制的推進(jìn)系統(tǒng)，僅執(zhí)行飛往火星的任務(wù)簡(jiǎn)直有點(diǎn)兒“大材小用”?！拔蚁?，它很快會(huì)被