新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法整理一點(diǎn)通.doc

新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法整理點(diǎn)通課程設(shè)置1、理順新概念第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)2、掌握20個(gè)元音、28個(gè)輔音的讀和寫(xiě)3、新概念第二冊(cè)作業(yè)輔導(dǎo)新概念一共144課，其中單課為課文，雙課為語(yǔ)法和練習(xí)。整本書(shū)是以單數(shù)課為正課，并附帶有插圖而雙數(shù)課則是針對(duì)單數(shù)課所講的內(nèi)容有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行練習(xí)。首先根據(jù)課本中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)分析：本冊(cè)書(shū)的語(yǔ)法出現(xiàn)層次性和規(guī)律性是很強(qiáng)的，首先我們先來(lái)整本書(shū)中都出了哪些時(shí)態(tài)，這些時(shí)態(tài)的具體分布和講解時(shí)我們大家需要注意的遞進(jìn)性。Lesson 3134 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Lesson 3740 第一次出現(xiàn)be going to 的將來(lái)時(shí)Lesson 5156 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Lesson 6776 一般過(guò)去式Lesson 8390 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Lesson 9196 一般將來(lái)時(shí) (will)Lesson 117118 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Lesson 119120 過(guò)去完成時(shí)除去前面所有時(shí)態(tài)和句型所占據(jù)的76課我們一起來(lái)看一下以下的68課，每一課小的語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)，語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)都是在什么地方，應(yīng)該用什么樣的方式來(lái)講解。新概念一的每一個(gè)單課的重點(diǎn)都是出現(xiàn)雙課的標(biāo)題和課后的練習(xí)題里面。Lesson12語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：與陌生人說(shuō)話(huà)或引起別人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much.語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：主系表結(jié)構(gòu)this為主語(yǔ)，名詞做表語(yǔ)1的一般疑問(wèn)句以及它的肯定回答。Is this your handbag? Yes, it is.Lesson 56 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：如何介紹別人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you. 語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。She is French. He is German. Its a Volvo.(L6) a/an 的使用。Lesson 78語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：如何自我介紹和相互認(rèn)識(shí)。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)為第二人稱(chēng)的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Are you French?What nationality are you? Whats your job? 特殊疑問(wèn)句。Lesson 910語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：朋友或熟識(shí)的人之間如何相互問(wèn)候。How are you?語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：主系表結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞做表語(yǔ)。 介詞短語(yǔ)表示位置 near the window, on the televion, on the wall Lesson 2930語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：如何發(fā)號(hào)命令。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：祈使句（肯定）。 動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的固定搭配。Lesson 3738語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：如何表達(dá)將要做的事情。 語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)be going to do結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)將要發(fā)生的事情。 There be 句型的一般疑問(wèn)句形式。Lesson 41-42語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：如何表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。Lesson 63-64語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：建議忠告。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：dont do. You mustnt doLesson 65-66語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：具體時(shí)間表示法(半點(diǎn)和刻鐘）。 反身代詞。 具體日期表達(dá)方式。Lesson 73-74語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)柭贰ＵZ(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變成副詞。Lesson 77-78語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：看病。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：綜合時(shí)間表達(dá)方式。Lesson 105-106語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：辦公室用語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：want sb to do./ tell sb to do以及其否定形式。Lesson 103-104語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：考試。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)從句。（從句部分為非現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)） 程度副詞 too, very ,enoughLesson 125-126語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：/語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：have to do/ dont need to doLesson 127-128語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：娛樂(lè)界。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：must/cant 對(duì)現(xiàn)在事情的肯定/否定猜測(cè)。Lesson 129-130語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：交通狀況。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：must/cant have been.對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定/否定猜測(cè)。Lesson 131-132語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)：度假。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：may 對(duì)現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去事情的肯定或否定猜測(cè)。以下學(xué)的知識(shí)慢慢與新二接軌：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Lesson 8390直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)：Lesson 99102形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：Lesson107112neither ,so 的用法：Lesson 113114不定代詞的用法：Lesson 115116過(guò)去進(jìn)行和過(guò)去完成時(shí)：Lesson 117120定語(yǔ)從句：Lesson 121124情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的綜合用法：Lesson 125132 直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)：Lesson 133136（著重講時(shí)態(tài)的倒推） if 的用法：Lesson 137140被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Lesson 141144新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)一共有八種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。今天我們所要講的就是第一種： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。1、含有be動(dòng)詞的句子 He is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students.變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首 Is he a teacher? Is the girl very beautiful? Are Tim and Jack students?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not He is not a teacher. The girl is not very beautiful. Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he is. / No, he is not. Yes, she is. / No, she is not. Yes, they are. / No, they are not.2、不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子。(1)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞 He likes books. She likes him. The dog likes bones.變疑問(wèn)句在句首加does, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?Does he like books? Does she like him? Does the dog like bones?變否定句在主語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞之間加doesnt, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?，原句中的?dòng)詞不再有第三人稱(chēng)變化。 He doesnt like books. She doesnt like him. The dog doesnt like bones.肯定回答及否定回答： Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt Yes, it does. / No, it doesnt.注意：第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)有任何變化。(2)其他人稱(chēng)及復(fù)數(shù)名詞 I want to have a bath. We have some meat. The students like smart teachers.變疑問(wèn)句在句首加do Do you want to have a bath? Do we have any meat? Do the students like smart teachers?變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加dont. You dont want to have a bath. We dont have any meat. The students dont like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I do. / No, I dont. Yes, we do. / No, we dont Yes, they do. / No, they dont.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞其它成分 We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are not swimming across the river.特殊疑問(wèn)句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑問(wèn)詞動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞（必背）表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：1. 表示感覺(jué)，感官的詞see, hear, like, love, want2. have, has當(dāng)“擁有”講時(shí)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago.含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將be動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式。am, is的過(guò)去式為was, are的過(guò)去式為were：I was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. / No, I was not.Yes, you were. / No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. / No, he/she was not.特殊疑問(wèn)句What did you do?（必背）不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式：I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.變疑問(wèn)句在句首加did，動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虳id you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.Yes, he did. / No, he didnt.Yes, they did. / No, they did not.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have, has+過(guò)去分詞用法：1） 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用。I have just had lunch. （飽了，不用再吃了。）He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝。）They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了。）The boy has already read the book. （已經(jīng)知道書(shū)的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了。）2） 詢(xún)問(wèn)別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3） 表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4） 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過(guò)地方，做過(guò)事情，經(jīng)歷過(guò)事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去過(guò)，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.（人已經(jīng)回來(lái)）He has gone to London.（人還在那里）5） 表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. / No, I have not.特殊疑問(wèn)句What have you done?What has he done?一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)。注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。錯(cuò)：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.對(duì)：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 表示將來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 經(jīng)常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示將來(lái)的詞聯(lián)用。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. / No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. / No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. / No, he will not.特殊疑問(wèn)句What will you do?新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 用法：在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過(guò)去分詞After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加。 變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首 Had she finished her homework? 變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notShe hadnt finished her homework. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. / No, she hadnt. 特殊疑問(wèn)句What had she done?新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常用在when, while, as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中。結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.Their father was watching TV whilethey were having dinner.變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Was their father watching TV whilethey were having dinner.變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加 notTheir father was notwatching TV whilethey were having dinner.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：would doShe said she would go here the next morning.兩個(gè)特殊句型：there be 句型，be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)1） Be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+going to +動(dòng)詞原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. / No, I am not.Yes, they are. / No, they are not.Yes, he is. / No, he is not.特殊疑問(wèn)句（必背）What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?2） There be 句型表示哪里有什么東西（某處有某物） There is單數(shù)名詞表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?變否定句在動(dòng)詞后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. / No, there is not.Yes, there are. / No, there are not.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：?jiǎn)柧鋯?wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句，特殊疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，否定疑問(wèn)句1） 一般疑問(wèn)句：助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?2） 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句What is your name?3） 選擇疑問(wèn)句：orDo you want beef or lamb?4） 反意疑問(wèn)句： 肯定陳述句+否定疑問(wèn)部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問(wèn)部分You dont need that pen, do you?5） 否定疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句+否定詞Arent you lucky? Dont you want have a rest?新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：限定詞限定詞：some, any, many, much some, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。注意：當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用some。I have some milk.I dont have any milk.May I have some milk? many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。在口語(yǔ)中表示“很多”一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示“很多”用many, much。I have a lot of money.I dont have much money.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：名詞名詞 名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞：1）不可數(shù)名詞 無(wú)法分開(kāi)的東西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice抽象的東西：love, beauty, coldness不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)：不能用a, an修飾；不能加s；和單數(shù)be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配。2）可數(shù)名詞 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s。名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化： 規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shellshells bookbooks規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. foxfoxeschurchchurches, busbuses, watchwatches規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾+s或+es e.g. potatopotatoes, NegroNegroes, heroheroes, tomatotomatoes，（口訣：黑人英雄愛(ài)吃土豆和西紅柿），剩下一般加s, radioradios規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. lifeliveshalfhalves, shelfshelves, citycities, wifewives規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. skyskiesflyflies 不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式man（men）woman（women）foot（feet） goose（geese） tooth（teeth）child（children）sheep（sheep） deer（deer） mouse（mice）fish（fish）新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：副詞副詞副詞可以修飾形容詞，動(dòng)詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。如：The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.副詞變化形式： 直接在形容詞后加-ly：careful-carefully, slow-slowly 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變i, 加-ly：happy-happily, lucky-luckily 有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化：fast, hard, late 有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)：neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can（能夠），must（必須），may（可以）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.變疑問(wèn)句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. / No, he cannot.Yes, she can. /No, she cannot.Yes, we can. / No, we cannot.特殊疑問(wèn)句：（必背）What can you do?注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒(méi)有第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加s。2）must/have to的區(qū)別must 表示必須，是主觀上覺(jué)得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3）must, may, might表示猜測(cè)： must do 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè) must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的猜測(cè) must have been doing 表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè) may/might do, may/might have done表示沒(méi)有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might的可能性更小。4）cant/couldnt 表示不可能新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：need的用法need的用法 表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：I need a pen.Do you need any beer? No, I dont.I need to have a rest.Need doing=need to be done （表示被動(dòng)）The flowers need watering. =The flowers need to be watered. 花需要澆水。 need在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用：You neednt go so early. (=You dont need to go so early.)Must I clean the desk right now? No, you neednt.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：不定代詞及不定副詞不定代詞及不定副詞some, any, no, every-thing: something, anything, nothing, everything-one: someone, anyone, anything, everyone-where: somewhere, anywhere, anywhere, everywhere-body: somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody例子：1）I looked for my book everywhere, but I cant find it anywhere.2）If you want to go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up.3）Help! Somebody? Anybody?4）You are really something. 你真了不起?。谡Z(yǔ)中常用 something來(lái)表示“真像回事兒”，“真行”的意思）5）Since everybody is here, lets begin our class.6）Where did you go? I went nowhere.7）Nobody is at home.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：感嘆句感嘆句：1） What +名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)What a beautiful girl she is!What tall buildings they are!2） How +形容詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)How beautiful the girl is!How tall the buildings are! 在口語(yǔ)中，感嘆句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)常常省略：What a nice present!（省略it is）How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、謂的詞語(yǔ)）新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：祈使句祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、邀請(qǐng)等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語(yǔ)，句末用驚嘆好或者句號(hào)，用降調(diào)?？隙ň洌簞?dòng)詞原型Come here, please.Go downstairs, please.Stand up.Sit down.Be quiet.Be careful.祈使句中如果有喚語(yǔ)，一定要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，放在句首或者句尾：Come in, Amy.Sit down here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.否定：Dont+動(dòng)詞原型Dont come here.Dont sit down.Dont stand up.Dont give me it.let sb. do 讓某人做Let me pass.Let us have a rest.Lets have a rest.反意疑問(wèn)：Lets have a walk along the river, shall we?Let us go out for a drink, will you?新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：倒裝句倒裝句：so/neither的倒裝eg: He can swim. So can I.She didnt go to class. Neither did I.結(jié)構(gòu)：so/neither+be+ 主語(yǔ)so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+ 主語(yǔ)so/neither+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 主語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): do, does/am, is, are現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am, is, are一般過(guò)去時(shí): did現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): have, has一般將來(lái)時(shí): will, shall過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): was, were過(guò)去完成時(shí): had過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí): would新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：直接引語(yǔ)/間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)/間接引語(yǔ)如果引語(yǔ)的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，那么間接引語(yǔ)要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱(chēng)，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞1） 時(shí)態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)be going towas/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-might2） 時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化：here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that3） 人稱(chēng)變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q(chēng)。4） 直接賓語(yǔ)/間接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，或者是為誰(shuí)做的。所以間接賓語(yǔ)要用名詞或者賓格代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。He gives me a book.（me間接賓語(yǔ)，a book直接賓語(yǔ)）直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to或for：主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞直接賓語(yǔ)介詞間接賓語(yǔ)Give me a book. = Give the book to me.Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞的變化1）代詞及be動(dòng)詞主格 I we you you she/he/it they賓格 me us you you her/him/it them代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirsbe動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am are are are is arebe動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí) was were were were was were2）名詞的復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shellshells toytoys規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches規(guī)則3 以o結(jié)尾+s或+es e.g. radioradios potatopotatoes規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. lifelives halfhalves規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. skyskies studystudies3）動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches規(guī)則3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies4）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則1 一般動(dòng)詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing規(guī)則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving規(guī)則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾， 即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping5）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化