新概念英語第一冊語法整理一點通.doc

新概念英語第一冊語法整理點通課程設置1、理順新概念第一冊語法點2、掌握20個元音、28個輔音的讀和寫3、新概念第二冊作業(yè)輔導新概念一共144課，其中單課為課文，雙課為語法和練習。整本書是以單數(shù)課為正課，并附帶有插圖而雙數(shù)課則是針對單數(shù)課所講的內容有針對性地進行練習。首先根據(jù)課本中出現(xiàn)的時態(tài)來分析：本冊書的語法出現(xiàn)層次性和規(guī)律性是很強的，首先我們先來整本書中都出了哪些時態(tài)，這些時態(tài)的具體分布和講解時我們大家需要注意的遞進性。Lesson 3134 現(xiàn)在進行時Lesson 3740 第一次出現(xiàn)be going to 的將來時Lesson 5156 一般現(xiàn)在時Lesson 6776 一般過去式Lesson 8390 現(xiàn)在完成時Lesson 9196 一般將來時 (will)Lesson 117118 過去進行時Lesson 119120 過去完成時除去前面所有時態(tài)和句型所占據(jù)的76課我們一起來看一下以下的68課，每一課小的語言點，語法點都是在什么地方，應該用什么樣的方式來講解。新概念一的每一個單課的重點都是出現(xiàn)雙課的標題和課后的練習題里面。Lesson12語言點：與陌生人說話或引起別人的注意。Excuse me. Yes? Pardon? Thank you very much.語法點：主系表結構this為主語，名詞做表語1的一般疑問句以及它的肯定回答。Is this your handbag? Yes, it is.Lesson 56 語言點：如何介紹別人。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Nice to meet you. 語法點：主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的主系表結構。She is French. He is German. Its a Volvo.(L6) a/an 的使用。Lesson 78語言點：如何自我介紹和相互認識。語法點：主語為第二人稱的主系表結構。Are you French?What nationality are you? Whats your job? 特殊疑問句。Lesson 910語言點：朋友或熟識的人之間如何相互問候。How are you?語法點：主系表結構形容詞做表語。 介詞短語表示位置 near the window, on the televion, on the wall Lesson 2930語言點：如何發(fā)號命令。語法點：祈使句（肯定）。 動詞與賓語的固定搭配。Lesson 3738語言點：如何表達將要做的事情。 語法點：現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)be going to do結構表達將要發(fā)生的事情。 There be 句型的一般疑問句形式。Lesson 41-42語法點：如何表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。Lesson 63-64語言點：建議忠告。語法點：dont do. You mustnt doLesson 65-66語法點：具體時間表示法(半點和刻鐘）。 反身代詞。 具體日期表達方式。Lesson 73-74語言點：問路。語法點：不規(guī)則動詞的過去式。 形容詞轉變成副詞。Lesson 77-78語言點：看病。語法點：綜合時間表達方式。Lesson 105-106語言點：辦公室用語。語法點：want sb to do./ tell sb to do以及其否定形式。Lesson 103-104語言點：考試。語法點：賓語從句。（從句部分為非現(xiàn)在時態(tài)） 程度副詞 too, very ,enoughLesson 125-126語言點：/語法點：have to do/ dont need to doLesson 127-128語言點：娛樂界。語法點：must/cant 對現(xiàn)在事情的肯定/否定猜測。Lesson 129-130語言點：交通狀況。語法點：must/cant have been.對過去事情的肯定/否定猜測。Lesson 131-132語言點：度假。語法點：may 對現(xiàn)在/過去事情的肯定或否定猜測。以下學的知識慢慢與新二接軌：現(xiàn)在完成時：Lesson 8390直接引語變成間接引語：Lesson 99102形容詞的比較級和最高級：Lesson107112neither ,so 的用法：Lesson 113114不定代詞的用法：Lesson 115116過去進行和過去完成時：Lesson 117120定語從句：Lesson 121124情態(tài)動詞的綜合用法：Lesson 125132 直接引語變間接引語：Lesson 133136（著重講時態(tài)的倒推） if 的用法：Lesson 137140被動語態(tài)：Lesson 141144新概念英語第一冊語法總結：一般現(xiàn)在時英語中的時態(tài)一共有八種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般將來時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時。今天我們所要講的就是第一種： 一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動作或一般性事實。1、含有be動詞的句子 He is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首 Is he a teacher? Is the girl very beautiful? Are Tim and Jack students?變否定句在be動詞后面加not He is not a teacher. The girl is not very beautiful. Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he is. / No, he is not. Yes, she is. / No, she is not. Yes, they are. / No, they are not.2、不含有be動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子。(1)第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞 He likes books. She likes him. The dog likes bones.變疑問句在句首加does, 動詞變?yōu)樵?Does he like books? Does she like him? Does the dog like bones?變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesnt, 動詞變?yōu)樵?，原句中的動詞不再有第三人稱變化。 He doesnt like books. She doesnt like him. The dog doesnt like bones.肯定回答及否定回答： Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt Yes, it does. / No, it doesnt.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后面加S，不要和名詞復數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時名詞復數(shù)沒有任何變化。(2)其他人稱及復數(shù)名詞 I want to have a bath. We have some meat. The students like smart teachers.變疑問句在句首加do Do you want to have a bath? Do we have any meat? Do the students like smart teachers?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加dont. You dont want to have a bath. We dont have any meat. The students dont like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I do. / No, I dont. Yes, we do. / No, we dont Yes, they do. / No, they dont.新概念英語第一冊語法總結：現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作構成：主語be動詞動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞其它成分 We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?變否定句在be動詞后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are not swimming across the river.特殊疑問句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑問詞動詞主語現(xiàn)在分詞What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?沒有進行時的動詞（必背）表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進行的動作：1. 表示感覺，感官的詞see, hear, like, love, want2. have, has當“擁有”講時沒有進行時新概念英語第一冊語法總結：一般過去時一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事件，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago.含有be動詞的句子，將be動詞變?yōu)檫^去式。am, is的過去式為was, are的過去式為were：I was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.變疑問句將be動詞移動到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?變否定句在be動詞后面加notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. / No, I was not.Yes, you were. / No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. / No, he/she was not.特殊疑問句What did you do?（必背）不含有be動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式：I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.變疑問句在句首加did，動詞變?yōu)樵虳id you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.Yes, he did. / No, he didnt.Yes, they did. / No, they did not.新概念英語第一冊語法總結：現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時構成：主語+助動詞have, has+過去分詞用法：1） 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動作，常和just, usually, already, since等時間副詞連用。I have just had lunch. （飽了，不用再吃了。）He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝。）They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了。）The boy has already read the book. （已經(jīng)知道書的內容了，不用再看了。）2） 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3） 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4） 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗：去過地方，做過事情，經(jīng)歷過事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去過，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.（人已經(jīng)回來）He has gone to London.（人還在那里）5） 表示一種結果， 一般不和時間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：變疑問句將助動詞移到句首，變否定句在助動詞后面加not.Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. / No, I have not.特殊疑問句What have you done?What has he done?一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時間狀語的句子為過去時。注意：有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時間狀語連用。錯：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.對：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.新概念英語第一冊語法總結：一般將來時 一般將來時 表示將來將要發(fā)生的動作， 經(jīng)常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示將來的詞聯(lián)用。結構：主語+助動詞will+動詞原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?變否定句在助動詞后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. / No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. / No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. / No, he will not.特殊疑問句What will you do?新概念英語第一冊語法總結：過去完成時 過去完成時 用法：在過去的時間里，兩個動作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個動作要用過去完成時。結構：had+過去分詞After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引導的時間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號，如果放在主句后則不用加。 變疑問句將助動詞移到句首 Had she finished her homework? 變否定句在助動詞后面加notShe hadnt finished her homework. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. / No, she hadnt. 特殊疑問句What had she done?新概念英語第一冊語法總結：過去進行時過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作，經(jīng)常用在when, while, as引導的狀語從句中。結構：was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.Their father was watching TV whilethey were having dinner.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Was their father watching TV whilethey were having dinner.變否定句在be動詞后面加 notTheir father was notwatching TV whilethey were having dinner.新概念英語第一冊語法總結：過去將來時過去將來時結構：would doShe said she would go here the next morning.兩個特殊句型：there be 句型，be going to 結構1） Be going to 結構表示打算，準備，計劃做某事結構：主語+be動詞+going to +動詞原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?變否定句在be動詞后面加notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. / No, I am not.Yes, they are. / No, they are not.Yes, he is. / No, he is not.特殊疑問句（必背）What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?2） There be 句型表示哪里有什么東西（某處有某物） There is單數(shù)名詞表示場所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are復數(shù)名詞表示場所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?變否定句在動詞后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. / No, there is not.Yes, there are. / No, there are not.新概念英語第一冊語法總結：問句問句：一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句1） 一般疑問句：助動詞/be動詞+主語Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?2） 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句What is your name?3） 選擇疑問句：orDo you want beef or lamb?4） 反意疑問句： 肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分You dont need that pen, do you?5） 否定疑問句：一般疑問句+否定詞Arent you lucky? Dont you want have a rest?新概念英語第一冊語法總結：限定詞限定詞：some, any, many, much some, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句。注意：當期待對方的答案為肯定回答時用some。I have some milk.I dont have any milk.May I have some milk? many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。在口語中表示“很多”一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示“很多”用many, much。I have a lot of money.I dont have much money.新概念英語第一冊語法總結：名詞名詞 名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞：1）不可數(shù)名詞 無法分開的東西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice抽象的東西：love, beauty, coldness不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點：不能用a, an修飾；不能加s；和單數(shù)be動詞或動詞搭配。2）可數(shù)名詞 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s。名詞復數(shù)共有以下幾種變化： 規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(shù)形式規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shellshells bookbooks規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結尾+es e.g. foxfoxeschurchchurches, busbuses, watchwatches規(guī)則3 以o結尾+s或+es e.g. potatopotatoes, NegroNegroes, heroheroes, tomatotomatoes，（口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿），剩下一般加s, radioradios規(guī)則4 以f, fe結尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. lifeliveshalfhalves, shelfshelves, citycities, wifewives規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結尾， 變y為i+es e.g. skyskiesflyflies 不規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(shù)形式man（men）woman（women）foot（feet） goose（geese） tooth（teeth）child（children）sheep（sheep） deer（deer） mouse（mice）fish（fish）新概念英語第一冊語法總結：副詞副詞副詞可以修飾形容詞，動詞，副詞或整個句子。如：The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.副詞變化形式： 直接在形容詞后加-ly：careful-carefully, slow-slowly 以輔音字母加y結尾的形容詞，把y變i, 加-ly：happy-happily, lucky-luckily 有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化：fast, hard, late 有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠：neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately新概念英語第一冊語法總結：情態(tài)動詞的使用情態(tài)動詞的使用1）情態(tài)動詞can（能夠），must（必須），may（可以）結構：主語+can/must/may+動詞原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.變疑問句將情態(tài)動詞移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?變否定句在情態(tài)動詞后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. / No, he cannot.Yes, she can. /No, she cannot.Yes, we can. / No, we cannot.特殊疑問句：（必背）What can you do?注意：情態(tài)動詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動詞或動詞后面加s。2）must/have to的區(qū)別must 表示必須，是主觀上覺得應該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時態(tài)3）must, may, might表示猜測： must do 表示對現(xiàn)在事實的猜測 must have done表示對過去事實的猜測 must have been doing 表示對過去正在進行的事實的猜測 may/might do, may/might have done表示沒有任何事實依據(jù)的猜測，might的可能性更小。4）cant/couldnt 表示不可能新概念英語第一冊語法總結：need的用法need的用法 表示“需要”時為實意動詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：I need a pen.Do you need any beer? No, I dont.I need to have a rest.Need doing=need to be done （表示被動）The flowers need watering. =The flowers need to be watered. 花需要澆水。 need在否定時做情態(tài)動詞使用：You neednt go so early. (=You dont need to go so early.)Must I clean the desk right now? No, you neednt.新概念英語第一冊語法總結：不定代詞及不定副詞不定代詞及不定副詞some, any, no, every-thing: something, anything, nothing, everything-one: someone, anyone, anything, everyone-where: somewhere, anywhere, anywhere, everywhere-body: somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody例子：1）I looked for my book everywhere, but I cant find it anywhere.2）If you want to go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up.3）Help! Somebody? Anybody?4）You are really something. 你真了不起?。谡Z中常用 something來表示“真像回事兒”，“真行”的意思）5）Since everybody is here, lets begin our class.6）Where did you go? I went nowhere.7）Nobody is at home.新概念英語第一冊語法總結：感嘆句感嘆句：1） What +名詞+主語+謂語What a beautiful girl she is!What tall buildings they are!2） How +形容詞+主語+謂語How beautiful the girl is!How tall the buildings are! 在口語中，感嘆句的主語和謂語常常省略：What a nice present!（省略it is）How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、謂的詞語）新概念英語第一冊語法總結：祈使句祈使句表示請求、命令、建議、邀請等，謂語動詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆好或者句號，用降調?？隙ň洌簞釉~原型Come here, please.Go downstairs, please.Stand up.Sit down.Be quiet.Be careful.祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號隔開，放在句首或者句尾：Come in, Amy.Sit down here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.否定：Dont+動詞原型Dont come here.Dont sit down.Dont stand up.Dont give me it.let sb. do 讓某人做Let me pass.Let us have a rest.Lets have a rest.反意疑問：Lets have a walk along the river, shall we?Let us go out for a drink, will you?新概念英語第一冊語法總結：倒裝句倒裝句：so/neither的倒裝eg: He can swim. So can I.She didnt go to class. Neither did I.結構：so/neither+be+ 主語so/neither+助動詞+ 主語so/neither+情態(tài)動詞+ 主語助動詞： 一般現(xiàn)在時: do, does/am, is, are現(xiàn)在進行時: am, is, are一般過去時: did現(xiàn)在完成時: have, has一般將來時: will, shall過去進行時: was, were過去完成時: had過去將來時: would新概念英語第一冊語法總結：直接引語/間接引語直接引語/間接引語如果引語的主句所用動詞為過去時，那么間接引語要做相應變化：時態(tài)，人稱，時間地點及指示詞1） 時態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時一般過去時過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時be going towas/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-might2） 時間地點及指示詞的變化：here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that3） 人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變人稱。4） 直接賓語/間接賓語主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，間接賓語是及物動詞的動作所涉及的人或事務，也可以說間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的，或者是為誰做的。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔當。He gives me a book.（me間接賓語，a book直接賓語）直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調換時要加一個介詞to或for：主語及物動詞直接賓語介詞間接賓語Give me a book. = Give the book to me.Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.新概念英語第一冊語法總結：動詞的變化1）代詞及be動詞主格 I we you you she/he/it they賓格 me us you you her/him/it them代詞所有格 my our your your her/his/its their名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirsbe動詞現(xiàn)在時 Am are are are is arebe動詞過去時 was were were were was were2）名詞的復數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(shù)形式規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. shellshells toytoys規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結尾+es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches規(guī)則3 以o結尾+s或+es e.g. radioradios potatopotatoes規(guī)則4 以f, fe結尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g. lifelives halfhalves規(guī)則5 以輔音字母+y結尾， 變y為i+es e.g. skyskies studystudies3）動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式規(guī)則1 一般情況+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks規(guī)則2 以s, x, ch, sh結尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches規(guī)則3 以輔音字母+y結尾， 變y為i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies4）動詞現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則1 一般動詞加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing規(guī)則2 以不發(fā)音的字母結尾的單詞去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving規(guī)則3 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結尾， 即單詞中只有一個元音字母，其后緊跟一個輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping5）動詞過去式 規(guī)則動詞變化