【參考】合同英語2+虛詞.doc

英文合同常用虛詞（Usual Function Words）一、英文合同常用虛詞（Usual Function Words）1 Here/there/where+介詞構(gòu)成的古體詞基本規(guī)則：Here代表this，there代表that，where代表which或what即here/there/where+介詞=介詞+this/that/which or whatl Hereby: by means of; by reason of this.特此，由此，茲 等意。例句：The Buyer hereby orders from the Seller the undermentioned goods subject to the following conditions:買方向賣方訂購下列商品，條件如下：l Herein：in this。此中，于此。例句：The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此規(guī)定的最低特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)應(yīng)由乙方付給甲方。l Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。通常與 to be referred to as, referred as, called 連用。例句：This Agreement is made and concluded on _, (date)_(year), by and between _(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand. 本協(xié)議書于_年_月_日由_（以下簡稱甲方）為一方，與_(以下簡稱乙方)為另一方簽訂。l Hereof：of this。關(guān)于此點(diǎn)，在本文件中。Hereunder：under this. 本文件規(guī)定。例句：Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the application or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation.合同雙方就本合同規(guī)定交易任一條款的適用和解釋所產(chǎn)生的所有爭議同意力求通過友好協(xié)商予以解決。l Hereto：to this.本文件的。Thereof：of that. 其它的。Thereto：to that 與之，向那里。例句：“Licensed Products” means the devices and products described in Schedule 1 annexed hereto together with all improvement and modification thereof or development with respect thereto. “特許產(chǎn)品”系指在本協(xié)議附件1中所述的裝置和產(chǎn)品，及其全部改進(jìn)和修改的產(chǎn)品和與之相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品。l Herewith：with this.與此，附此。Thereby：by that means.因此，由此，從而例句：In any one or more of the provisions contained in this Contract or any document executed in connection herewith shall be invalid of unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not in any way be affected thereby.如果根據(jù)現(xiàn)行法律，本合同及與此有關(guān)文件中有一項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)條款被視為無效或不能履行，本合同其余條款的效力和履行將不因此受影響。l Thereafter: after that，afterwards.此后。例句：The Contract for the contractual joint venture shall continue from a period o two years thereafter.本合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)合同，此后應(yīng)持續(xù)有效兩年。l Therein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect.在那里；在那點(diǎn)上；在那方面。例句：The Leased Premises are deemed to be fit for occupation when the building therein is substantially completed.當(dāng)在那里的建筑物實(shí)質(zhì)完成時，該租賃房屋才認(rèn)為適合占有居住。l Therewith：with that.以此；此外。例句：The Employer shall indemnify and save harmless the Contractor against and from the same and against and from all claims, proceedings, damages, costs, charges and expenses whatsoever arising there out or in connection therewith.業(yè)主應(yīng)賠償所有索賠、訴訟、損害賠償、支出、花費(fèi)、費(fèi)用，不論因本合同產(chǎn)生或與其相關(guān)，并保證承包人免于承擔(dān)上述責(zé)任。l Whereby: by the agreement; by the following terms and conditions, etc. 憑此協(xié)議，憑此條款等。例句：This Agreement is made and concluded by and between AA Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and BB Company (hereinafter referred to as Party B) whereby the Parties hereto agree to enter into the compensation trade under the terms and conditions set forth below: 本協(xié)議由AA公司（以下簡稱甲方）和BB公司（以下簡稱乙方）簽訂。雙方同意按下列條款進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易。（本句中省略未譯）2 WITNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore, NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESS, Know All Men by these presents，In witness Whereof, In Testimony Whereof, Undersigned.WITHNESSETH, Whereas, Now Therefore用于英文合同前言部分，In witness Whereof用于合同結(jié)尾證明部分，在第二章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)中已有涉及，恕不贅述。l In Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof.以此為證，特立此證。例句：In Testimony Whereof we have hereto signed this Document on _ (date) accepted on _ (date).我方于_年_月_日簽署本文件，并于_年_月_日接受該文件，特此為證。l NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESS: 茲特立約為據(jù), 本句話也是用于WHEREAS條款之后引出具體協(xié)議事項(xiàng)。例句：NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows: 茲特立約為據(jù)，并由訂約雙方協(xié)議如下：l KNOW ALL MEN by these presents:根據(jù)本文件，特此宣布。（通常用于前言部分）例句：KNOW ALL MEN by these presents that we_(banks name)having our registered office at _ (hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto _(the Owners name)(hereinafter called “the Owner”) in the sum of _ for payment well and truly to be made to the said Owner, the Bank will bind itself, its successors and better assignee by these presents.根據(jù)本文件，茲宣布，我行，（銀行名稱），其注冊地點(diǎn)在（以下簡稱本銀行）向（業(yè)主名稱）（以下簡稱本業(yè)主）立約擔(dān)保支付（金額數(shù)）的保證金。本保證書對本銀行及其繼受人和受讓人均具有約束力。l Undersigned:法律文件末尾的簽名者,前面加定冠詞the,是指文件簽署者的自稱。例句：The undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated as follows:茲經(jīng)簽約的買賣雙方同意，按下列條款，達(dá)成這筆交易。3 Notwithstanding: in spite of, despite. 即使，盡管。例1：Notwithstanding any other provisions to the contrary herein, insurance coverage and limits shall be subject to approval of all the parties.即使有與本合同相悖的規(guī)定，保險范圍和責(zé)任限制應(yīng)以合同各方同意為準(zhǔn)。例2：Notwithstanding Article 2.2, the parties may agree to extend the Expiration date to such date as is reasonable in the circumstances if any of the conditions precedent referred to in Article 2.1 is not satisfied or waived on or before the Expiration Date, any such agreement or waiver to be in writing. 盡管有本合同第二條第二款規(guī)定，如上述第二條第一款規(guī)定的先決條件在合同期滿日之前既未實(shí)現(xiàn)又未放棄，合同各方亦可根據(jù)具體情況，約定合理延長合同的期滿日。 4 As 合同英語中as出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，而且用法靈活多變，是典型的自由人。在某種意義上講，as使用的熟練程度可以衡量合同英語的造詣。具體用法和含義見以下實(shí)例：l As 放在代表規(guī)定的provide，stipulate，set forth，prescribe等詞的過去分詞前，含義為“依照某某規(guī)定”。例1：For purpose of this, Capital Account shall be adjusted hypothetically as provided for in Section 4.6 herein.基于此，應(yīng)依照本合同第四條第六款調(diào)整資金賬戶。例2：based on their respective Venture interests as set forth in Section 5.2 hereof. 基于本合同第五條第二款規(guī)定的各方在合資公司中的權(quán)益。l 另有Except as otherwise provided結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“除非本文/某條款另有規(guī)定”。例句：Except as otherwise provided herein, all notices or demands sent by registered airmail shall be deemed received 8 days after they have been sent and notices or demands sent by telex shall be deemed received at the time of the dispatch thereof.除非本合同另有規(guī)定，所有通知和請求以航空掛號信寄出則發(fā)出后8日應(yīng)視為送達(dá)收悉，以電傳方式發(fā)出則在發(fā)送時視為收悉。l As構(gòu)成as the case may be（視具體情況而定）， as the case may require（視具體要求而定）和 as the Venturers may determine等短語。例句：The Venture may relocate its office from time to time or have additional offices as the Venturers may determine.該合資公司視投資者決策，可隨時遷址或增添營業(yè)場所。l As構(gòu)成as of the date of _ (date) 短語是英語合同中表示“自某年某月某日起”最正式的表達(dá)。例句：In witness whereof, the parties have caused this instrument to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written. 合同雙方簽訂本文件，該文件自以上書就日期即時生效，特此為證。l As還用在as soon as practical短語中，意義用法相當(dāng)于as soon as possible.例句：During the Employment Period, the Company agrees that it shall recommend to the Board the election of the Employee as a Director of the Company on the Commencement Date or as soon as practical thereafter. 本公司同意在聘用期間，應(yīng)自本協(xié)議開始或其后盡早的時間向董事會推選受聘方為本公司董事。As與 such連用是英文合同中一大特色，參看本書第二章第三節(jié)部分，在此不在贅述。5. foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned, in questionl Foregoing, aforesaid, the said, aforementioned, above-mentioned一族，一般放在名詞前作限定，意為“前述的”或“上述的”，為避免重復(fù)已經(jīng)提到的姓名或名稱。例1：The Bank shall give prompt written or telex notice to the Borrower of the Interest Rate in effect from time to time in accordance with the foregoing sentence.本銀行將根據(jù)前述的句子以書面或電傳形式隨時及時通知借款方生效的利率。例2：The contract shall be written in Chinese and in _. Both language versions are equally authentic. In the event of any discrepancy between the two aforementioned versions, the Chinese version shall prevail.本合同應(yīng)以中文和_文書就，具同等法律效力。前述兩種文本如有歧異，以中文文本為準(zhǔn)。l In question; under consideration; being talk about.通常表示“在考慮或討論中的”某件事或某個問題，可譯為“這”或“該”問題。例句：All prices to be paid by the Buyer under its obligations of the buyback/counter-purchase Contract shall be the world market prices taking into account the other delivery terms for the goods in question.買方根據(jù)返銷或回購貨物合同的義務(wù)所支付的價格應(yīng)為世界市場價格，結(jié)合考慮該貨物的其他交貨條件。6. follows, as below, the following這一族都表示“下列”，一般放在動詞后，而the following作為“下列”在英文合同中用的較少。這樣的例子俯手皆是，恐怕每個英文合同都少不了的。NOW THEREFORE, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows;為此，雙方達(dá)成契約，約定如下：NOW THEREFORE, it is hereby agreed as below.為此，雙方約定如下：Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described hereinafter, Party A and Party B agree as follows:茲以上述各點(diǎn)和契約所載條款為約因，訂約雙方協(xié)議如下：7. according to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per, as provided in, pursuant to, in compliance with這一族都表示“依照，根據(jù)”合同的約定或者法律的規(guī)定。其中尤以“according to”最不正式，自然用的最少了，而“in accordance with”最為常見。例如：In case no settlement can be reached, the case may then be submitted for arbitration to China International Economic And Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with the provisional Rules of Procedures promulgated by the said Arbitration Commission.如未能達(dá)成和解，該案件可提交中國國際貿(mào)易仲裁委員會根據(jù)該仲裁委員會頒布的仲裁程序暫行規(guī)定進(jìn)行仲裁。又如：A Photostat copy of the Acceptance Certificate of the Contract Plant signed by the representatives of both parties as per Chapter 9 of the present Contract.該合同設(shè)備的驗(yàn)收證書的影印副本由雙方代表按照該合同第九章簽收。再如：Both Parties shall each contribute their paid in capital in compliance with the items specified in the appendix to the Contract.合同雙方應(yīng)按照本合同附件中載明的項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行出資。8. Including but not limited to與including, without limitation以及including by way of illustration but not limitation英文合同表達(dá)“包括但不限于”時，就會用到這幾個短語。例如：The time for the performance of the Sellers obligations set forth in this Contract shall be automatically extended for a period equal to the duration of any nonperformance arising directly or indirectly from Force Majeure events including but not limited to fire, flood, earthquake, typhoon, natural catastrophe, and all other contingencies and circumstances whatsoever beyond the Sellers reasonable control preventing, hindering or interfering with the performance thereof.本合同規(guī)定賣方履行義務(wù)的時間應(yīng)自動延長等同于由于直接或間接由于不可抗力事件導(dǎo)致的不能履行的期間。不可抗力事件包括但不限于火災(zāi)、洪水、地震、臺風(fēng)、自然災(zāi)害和賣方無論怎樣也無法合理控制的阻止、妨礙、干擾本合同履行的其他風(fēng)險和情形。9. prior to, no later than, on or before，on and afterprior to, on or before，no later than, on or after常用在英文合同中限定日期，prior to表示“某日之前，提前多少日”。on or before, no(not) later than,表示“不遲于”，On and after表示“從某日起”。例如：Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order sort to collect any account on and after September 20. 自9月2O日起，甲方已無權(quán)接受任何定單或收據(jù)。例如：Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1. 我公司的條件是，3個月內(nèi)，即不得晚于5月1日，支付現(xiàn)金。例如： Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December.本合同簽字之日一個月內(nèi)，即不遲于12月15日，你方須將貨物裝船。例如：10-15 days prior to the date of shipment, the Buyer shall inform the Seller by cable or telex of the contract number, name of vessel, ETA of vessel, quantity to be loaded and the name of shipping agent, so as to enable the Seller to contact the shipping agent direct and arrange the shipment of the goods.裝運(yùn)前10天到15天，買方應(yīng)以電報或電傳方式通知賣方合同編號、裝運(yùn)船名，預(yù)計到達(dá)時間，裝載數(shù)量和承運(yùn)代理商名稱，以便能使賣方直接聯(lián)系承運(yùn)代理商安排貨物裝運(yùn)。此外，為限定時間更為明確，還常用inclusive、including和included，來限定含當(dāng)日在內(nèi)的時間。例如： This credit expires till January1 (inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or: This credit expires till and including January1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 本證在北京議付，有效期至1月1日。如果不包括1月1日在內(nèi)，則為till and not including January 1。10Without prejudice toWithout prejudice to,常用于英文合同中，表示在“不損害某規(guī)定/情況下”。例如：The Buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the Buyers right to claim compensations.不妨害買方索賠權(quán)，買方仍有權(quán)取消合同的部分或全部。11Attributable to, due to, owing to, by virtue of, in view of, because of, on account of，considering, in consideration of這一組短語出現(xiàn)在英文合同中都表示“因?yàn)椤?，其中due to，owing to，because of較不正式，很少使用。國際商務(wù)合同古體詞詳解Part I: Adverbs in Law Documents1 HerebyHereby: by means of; by reason of this特此，因此，茲等意，常用于法律文件、合同、協(xié)議書等正式文件的開頭語；在條款中需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時也可用。 例 1This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between _ Co. ( hereinafter referred to as Party A ) and _ Co. ( hereinafter referred to as Party B ) on _ ( Date ), in _ ( Place ), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation.Chinese version for reference:本合同雙方，_公司（ 以下稱甲方）與 _公司（以下稱乙方）， 在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上，通過友好協(xié)商，于_ 年 _ 月 _ 日在中國_ （地點(diǎn)），特簽訂本合同。例 2The Parties to this Contract, in the spirit of friendly cooperation, hereby signed and concluded this Contract in accordance with the following terms and conditions:Chinese version for reference:雙方本著友好合作的精神，特簽訂本合同，其條件如下：例 3The Housing Administration Department of Beijing Diplomatic Personnel Service Company (hereinafter to be referred to as Party A) and _ (hereinafter to be referred to as Party B) hereby entered into and concluded this Lease Contract as follows:Chinese version for reference:北京市外交人員服務(wù)公司房屋管理處（以下稱甲方）與_ （以下稱乙方）訂立租賃合同如下：2 HereofHereof: of this 關(guān)于此點(diǎn)，在本文件中。例 1Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, cover such legal entities and other organizations as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.Notes: 1) foreign trade dealers 外貿(mào)經(jīng)營者 2) legal entities 法人Chinese version for reference:本法所稱對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營者，是指依照本法規(guī)定從事對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營活動的法人和其他組織。例2If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator fails to perform his duties as an arbitrator, another arbitrator shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, be selected or appointed.Chinese version for reference:仲裁員因回避或者其他原因不能履行職責(zé)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照本法規(guī)定重新選定或指定仲裁員。例 3The Attachments to this Contract shall be deemed a part hereof and shall be effective as any other provision hereof.Notes: 1) The Attachments to this Contract 本合同的附件 2) shall be deemed a part hereof 應(yīng)被視為本合同的一部分 3) any other provisions hereof 其他條款 Chinese version for reference:本合同的附件應(yīng)被視為本合同的一部分，與其他條款有同樣效力。 3 HeretoHereto: to this 至此，對此。例 1This Contract shall be in duplicate, to be held by each of the Parties hereto and shall have two copies kept by each of the Parties hereto for the record.Chinese version for reference:本合同一式兩份，合同雙方各執(zhí)一份，并各保留兩份復(fù)印件，供雙方存檔。例 2The scope of Works of this Contract shall be specified in such Drawings and bills of Quantities as are attached hereto.Notes: 1) The scope of Works工程范圍2) Bills of Quantities 工程量表Chinese version for reference:本合同工程范圍應(yīng)按所附的圖紙及工程量表中規(guī)定的范圍。例 3In the event that there shall be newly increased items of Work, the Parties hereto shall enter into an agreement for the unit price of such items.Notes: 1) In the event that 如果2) newly increased items of Work新增加工程3) the unit price of such items該項(xiàng)新增工程的單價Chinese version for reference:如果需新增加工程，雙方應(yīng)另行協(xié)定該項(xiàng)新增工程的單價。 4 HereinHerein: in this 此中，于此。例 1The term “company” mentioned herein refers to a limited liability company or a company limited by shares established within the territory of China in accordance with this Law.Notes: 1) herein: in this Law在本法中2) this Law: Company Law of the Peoples Republic of China中華人民共和國公司法3) a company liability company 有限責(zé)任公司4) a company limited by shares股份有限公司Chinese version for reference:本法所稱公司是指依照本法在中國境內(nèi)設(shè)立的有限責(zé)任公司和股份有限公司。例 2The terms “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” (INCOTERMS, 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise specified herein (in this Contract).Chinese version for reference:除非本合同另有規(guī)定，“FOB”、 “CFR” 和“CIF” 均應(yīng)依照國際商會制定的國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則（INCOTERMS） 2000辦理。例 3The procedures contained herein shall be followed by the concerned agencies of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), responsible for the implementation of the Bank-supported projects.Notes: 1) The procedures contained herein: 本文件中規(guī)定的程序2) the concerned agencies: 有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)3） the implementation of the Bank-supported projects執(zhí)行世界銀行貸款項(xiàng)目the Bank: the World Bank Chinese version for reference:執(zhí)行世界銀行貸款項(xiàng)目的中華人民共和國各有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)，均遵循本文所規(guī)定的程序。 5 HereinafterHereinafter: later in the same Contract以下，在下文。一般與to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等詞組連用，以避免重復(fù)。例 1In accordance with the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures and the Contract signed by and between _ Co. ( hereinafter referred to as Party A) and _ CO. ( hereinafter referred to as Party B), the articles of association hereby is formulated and prepared.Notes: 1) Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures: 中華人民共和國中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè)法2) articles of association：合營公司章程（條款）Chinese version for reference:根據(jù)中華人民共和國中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè)法以及由_公司（以下稱甲方）與_公司（以下稱乙方）所訂的合資經(jīng)營的合同，特制訂本公司章程。例 2When existing Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures, Chinese-foreign cooperative joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprises (hereinafter referred to as “enterprises with foreign investment”) apply to reorganize themselves into a company, the enterprises with foreign investment shall have a record of making profits for the recent three consecutive years. Notes:1）Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures : 中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè)2) Chinese-foreign cooperative joint ventures：中外合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)3）foreign-owned enterprises：外資企業(yè)Chinese version for reference:已設(shè)立的中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè)、中外合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)，外資企業(yè)（以下簡稱外商投資企業(yè)）， 如申請轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣镜?，?yīng)有最近連續(xù)3年的盈利記錄。 例 3The following words and expressions in the Contract (as hereinafter defined)1 shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them, except where the Contract otherwise requires2.Notes: 1）except where the Contract otherwise requires: 除根據(jù)合同另有要求者外Chinese version for reference:以下合同（如下文定義）1中的用語和用詞，除根據(jù)合同另有要求者外2，應(yīng)具有下述所賦予它們的涵義。36 ThereinTherein: in that; in that particular context; in that respect. 在那里；在那點(diǎn)上，在那方面。例 1“Temporary Works” means all temporary works of every kind (other than the Contractors Equipment) required in or about the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects therein.Chinese version for reference:臨時工程是指在工程施工、竣工和修補(bǔ)工程中任何缺陷時需要或與上述工程階段有關(guān)的所有各種臨時工程，但承包人的設(shè)備除外。例 2A certificate of the Borrower shall, substantially, comply with the form set forth in Appendix 4, and the attachments specified therein.Chinese version for reference:借款人證明書，其格式基本上應(yīng)遵照附錄4規(guī)定的格式及其規(guī)定的附件。例 3The Con