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初中英語變形規(guī)則一、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則:1、絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。讀音變化:結(jié)尾是清輔音讀s,結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音讀z。例:friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces2、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化:統(tǒng)一加讀iz。例:busbuses; quizquizzes; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflashes3、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞,將y改變?yōu)閕,再加-es。讀音變化:加讀z。例:candycandies; daisydaisies; fairyfairies; ladyladies; storystories4、以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,如果不是外來詞或縮寫,就加-es,否則加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化:加讀z。例:tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; torpedotorpedoes; bingobingoes反例:silosilos; pianopianos(外來詞); photophotos; macromacros(縮寫詞)5、以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)?ves,但有例外。讀音變化:尾音f改讀vz。例:knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; staffstaves; scarfscarves反例:roofroofs6、 不規(guī)則變形:man woman child foot tooth goose Mouse Frenchman Englishman ox Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish People police cattle man doctor 口訣:男人女人a變e,孩子后加ren;中國(guó)人和日本人,綿羊鹿魚形不變; 腳和牙齒還有鵝,就把oo變ee;mouse、mice是老鼠,公牛ox加 en;人們警察牽小牛,單數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)意;男醫(yī)生和女醫(yī)生,man和doctor都變身。 二、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形變第三人稱單數(shù)的規(guī)則與發(fā)音規(guī)律同名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)大致相同,請(qǐng)認(rèn)真觀察。1、大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在詞尾加“S”在清輔音后發(fā)音為s,在濁輔音及元音后發(fā)音為 z。如: stopstops s ; makemakes s readreads z ; playplays z2、以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的,要先將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”,然后在加“es”讀iz 如: flyflies z; carrycarries z studystudies z; worryworries3、以“s, x, ch, sh”結(jié)尾的,在詞尾加“es”,發(fā)音為iz 如: teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz4、以“o”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,加“es”,讀z 如: gogoes z dodoes z下面幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閱螖?shù)時(shí),原詞的元音部分的發(fā)音發(fā)生了較大的變化,請(qǐng)注意記憶。 如: 1、do du:does dz2、say seisays sez以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾的開音節(jié)詞,如果尾音是s,z時(shí),加“s”后字母“e”發(fā)音, 與所加“s”一起讀做iz。 如: closecloses izbe動(dòng)詞包括:am, is, are。第三人稱單數(shù)用 is;過去式為 was;復(fù)數(shù)用are,過去式為were. 除上述規(guī)律外,還應(yīng)注意下面三點(diǎn):1. 動(dòng)詞 have ,遇到主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用 has; 動(dòng)詞 be 的第三人稱單數(shù)形式是is。2. 含有動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的句子變否定句時(shí),要用 doesnt + 動(dòng)詞原形,如:He goes to school at six in the morning. (變否定句) He doesnt go to school at six in the morning.3. 對(duì)含有動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的句子提問時(shí),要用助動(dòng)詞 does,如:She goes home at five every day. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) When / What time does she go home every day?3、 動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞是一樣,變化規(guī)則如下:1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied(1) AAA型(動(dòng)詞原形、過去式、過去分詞同形) cost(花費(fèi)) cost cost cut(割) cut cut hit(打) hit hit hurt 傷害) hurt hurt let(讓) let let put(放) put put read (讀) read read spread (伸展/ 傳播) spread spread (2) AAB型(動(dòng)詞原形與過去式同形) beat(跳動(dòng)) beat beaten (3) ABA型(動(dòng)詞原形與過去分詞同形) become(變成)became become come(來) came come run(跑) ran run (4) ABB型(過去式與過去分詞同形) dig(挖) dug dug get(得到) got got hang(吊死) hanged hanged hang(懸掛) hung hung hold(抓?。?held held lay (產(chǎn)卵) laid laid shine(照耀) shone shone sit(坐) sat sat win (贏) won won meet(遇見) met met keep (保持) kept kept sleep(睡) slept slept sweep(掃) swept swept feel(感覺) felt felt flee (逃跑) fled fled smell(聞) smelt smelt leave(離開) left left build(建設(shè)) built built lend(借出) lent lent send (傳送) sent sent spend(花費(fèi)) spent spent sink (沉下)sunk /sank snuk /sunken lose (丟失) lost lost burn (燃燒) burnt burnt learn(學(xué)習(xí)) learnt learnt mean(意思是)meant meant catch(抓?。?caught caught teach(教) taught taught bring(帶來) brought brought fight (戰(zhàn)斗) fought fought buy(買) bought bought think(想) thought thought hear (聽見) heard heard sell(賣) sold sold tell(告訴) told told say(說) said said find(找到) found found feed ( 飼養(yǎng) )fed fed have/has(有) had had make(制造) made made stand(站) stood stood smell (聞)smelled /smelt smelled /smelt stick (粘貼 /刺) stuck stuck spell (拼寫)spelt/spelled spelt/spelled spit (吐唾沫)spat spat understand(明白)understood understood (5) ABC型(動(dòng)詞原形、過去式與過去分詞三者不同形) begin(開始)began begun drink(喝) drank drunk hide (躲藏)hid hidden ring(鈴響) rang rung sing (唱) sang sung swim(游泳) swam swum blow(吹) blew blown draw (畫) drew drawn fly(飛) flew flown grow(生長(zhǎng)) grew grown know(知道) knew known throw(投擲)threw thrown show(出示) showed shown break(打破)broke broken choose(選擇)chose chosen forget(忘記)forgot forgotten (forgot) freeze (結(jié)冰 凝固)froze frozen speak(說) spoke spoken wake(醒) woke woke drive(駕駛)drove driven eat(吃) ate eaten fall(落下) fell fallen give(給) gave given rise(升高) rose risen take(?。?took taken mistake(弄錯(cuò))mistook mistaken ride(騎) rode ridden write(寫) wrote written do(做) did done go(去) went gone lie(平躺) lay lain see(看見) saw seen wear (穿) wore worn be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been四、形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變形規(guī)則(一)規(guī)則變化如下:1) 單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式是在詞尾加-er和-est構(gòu)成。great2) 以-e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是在詞尾加-r和-st構(gòu)成。wide3) 少數(shù)以-y,-er,-ow,-ble結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是在詞尾加-er和-est構(gòu)成。clever4) 以-y結(jié)尾,但-y前是輔音字母的形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是把-y去掉,加上-ier和-est構(gòu)成.happy5)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾其前面的元音字母發(fā)短元音的形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是雙寫該輔音字母然后再加-er和-est。big6) 雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)需用more和most加在形容詞前面來構(gòu)成。Beautifuldifficult(二)不規(guī)則變化如下:good-better-best 好的 well-better-best 身體好的 bad-worse-worst 壞的 ill-worse-worst 病的 many-more-most 許多 much-more-most 許多 few-less-least 少數(shù)幾個(gè) little-less-least 少數(shù)一點(diǎn)兒 far-further-furthest 更進(jìn)一步,程度 far-farther-farthest 更遠(yuǎn),路程 old-older-oldest 年老的(指年紀(jì)) old-elder-eldest 年老的(指兄弟姐妹的排行) (一)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則1.一般情況直接加ed play-played 2. 以不發(fā)音e 為結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞 加 d likeliked livelived 以輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞, 變 y 為i 再加 ed study -studied cry-cried4. 以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞雙寫詞尾加 ed stop-stopped (二)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式 ( 根據(jù)所學(xué)單詞量例舉)buy- bought 買 begin-began 開始bring-brought 帶來 come -came 來catch-caught 捉住, 趕上 drink-drank 喝drive-drove 開車,駕駛 do-did 做,或無詞意作助動(dòng)詞eat-ate吃 find-found發(fā)現(xiàn)go-went去 get-got得到,到達(dá), 獲得give-gave給 hurt-hurt感到疼痛,受傷have-had有 hide-hid隱藏,把藏起來keep-kept保持,保護(hù) know- knew知道,懂得,了解lend-lent借出 let-let讓lose-lost失去,丟失 make- made制造, 制作meet-met相遇, 遇到 put-put放run-ran跑步 ride-rode騎read-read讀 see-saw看見say-said說 sing-sang唱 sit-sat坐 sleep-slept睡覺spell-spelt拼寫 stand-stood站立swim -swam游泳 speak -spoke講, 講話spend-spent度過,花費(fèi) take-took拿走teach-taught教 tell-told告訴think-thought認(rèn)為,想 wake-woke喚醒wear- wore穿,戴 write-wrote寫win- won贏 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式構(gòu)成規(guī)則鞏固練習(xí)題:I 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式: sit- guess- die- go- rush- reach- touch- brush- fly- copy- say- run- do- fix- live- cry- enjoy- have- wish- play- Tie- teach- buy- study- drink- go- stay- make- look- carry- come- watch- plant- fly - do- 二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunda

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