企業(yè)常用英文縮寫1.doc

In 2016 County Economic workshop Shang of speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalled summary results, analysis judge situation, arrangements deployment new annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and lower further grasp new normal, implementation new concept, temper new style, show new as, struggled to advance County economic social transformation upgrade science development. Following, told four a aspects of problem: a, and full certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressure continued increased of severe situation and difficult heavy of reform development task, County upper and lower tight at Central and provinces series major decision deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into total tone, active adapted economic development new normal, focused focus field, full work storming, County economic social development rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in the has into, and more points breakthrough, and Overall a good trend. One is closely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global, comprehensive economic power significantly. Accurately gauge the macro situation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Project support capacity increased significantly. Adhere to the inside and outside simultaneously, build, implementation of national and provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State one or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replacement bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key construction projects has laid a solid foundation. In particular the national circular economy demonstration counties and .two State-level pilot project of ecological demonstration County project platforms settled in jingchuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reservoir began, handicap reservoirs, Liu Lihe reservoir preparat4ion work goes well, take solid steps for comprehensive utilization of water resources; city gas station to speed up implementation of the project, I became the Countys first West-East gas pipeline project in the surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supported increased significantly. Overall well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basis. Battle victory industrial development as the primary task of the well-off, fruit production suitable for full coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry development area extending, farming aquaculture changes the momentum of the show, markets + enterprise + base + farmers as they gradually introduced measures significantly strengthen standardized management, industry constantly consolidate the basis and enriching. Investment attraction results continue to expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve the environment are equally企業(yè)常用縮寫5S :5S管理ABC:作業(yè)制成本制度 (Activity-Based Costing) AVL:認可的供應(yīng)商清單(Approved Vendor List) BOM:物料清單 (Bill Of Material) CPM:每一百萬個使用者會有幾次抱怨(Complaint per Million)DMT:成熟度驗證(Design Maturing Testing)DVT:設(shè)計驗證(Design Verification Testing)EC:設(shè)計變更工程變更 (Engineer Change)ECRN:原件規(guī)格更改通知(Engineer Change Request Notice)EMC:電磁相容(Electric Magnetic Capability)ERP:企業(yè)資源規(guī)劃 (Enterprise Resource Planning)FCST:預(yù)估(Forecast)FQC:成品品質(zhì)管制 (Finish or Final Quality Control)IPQC:製程品質(zhì)管制 (In-Process Quality Control)IQC:進料品質(zhì)管制 (Incoming Quality Control)ISO:國際標準組織 (International Organization for Standardization)JIT:即時管理 (Just In Time) MO:製令(Manufacture Order) MRP:物料需求規(guī)劃 (Material Requirement Planning) OEM:委託代工 (Original Equipment Manufacture) ODM:委託設(shè)計與製造 (Original Design & Manufacture) OQC:出貨品質(zhì)管制 (Out-going Quality Control) PDCA:PDCA管理循環(huán) (Plan-Do-Check-Action) PO:訂單(Purchase Order) QA:品質(zhì)保證(Quality Assurance)QC:品質(zhì)管制(Quality Control)QCC:品管圈 (Quality Control Circle)QE:品質(zhì)工程(Quality Engineering)RMA:退貨驗收Returned Material ApprovalTOC:限制理論 (Theory of Constraints)TPM:全面生產(chǎn)管理Total Production ManagementTQM:全面品質(zhì)管理 (Total Quality Management)5S管理5S是由日本企業(yè)研究出來的一種環(huán)境塑造方案，其目的在藉由整理(SEIRI)、整頓(SEITON)、清掃(SEISO)、清潔(SEIKETSU)及身美(SHITSUKE)五種行為來創(chuàng)造清潔、明朗、活潑化之環(huán)境，以提高效率、品質(zhì)及顧客滿意度。在原文中(日文)，這五項皆是以S為其發(fā)音開頭故稱此種方案為5S。5S活動的對象原本是針對現(xiàn)場的環(huán)境，它對生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場環(huán)境全局進行綜合考慮，並制訂切實可行的計劃與措施，從而達到規(guī)範化管理，有許多公司擴展到辦公室的管理以增進辦公效率，常見的手法為紅牌作戰(zhàn)，看板及衍生的目視管理。ABC作業(yè)制成本制度 (Activity-Based Costing)ABC及ABM(Activity-Base Management)作業(yè)制成本管理，以作業(yè)別作為分攤成本的基礎(chǔ)，在企業(yè)管理上可運用在定價決策、生產(chǎn)及產(chǎn)能決策、產(chǎn)品管理、顧客管理及企業(yè)策略上，同時具有提供決策者即時且有效、精確資訊的特性，對企業(yè)在創(chuàng)造競爭優(yōu)勢上，是具有相當(dāng)大的功能，其做法常為最古老的簿記再加上電腦分類系統(tǒng)，由於會計資料數(shù)量龐大，在電腦尚未普及前必須採行種種簡化如訂定分攤比例，但簡化可能會導(dǎo)致失真。ASP應(yīng)用程式服務(wù)供應(yīng)商 （Application Service Provider）對企業(yè)提供IT業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用服務(wù)和管理服務(wù)，主要透過軟體與硬體租用或租賃形式來實施，服務(wù)商的收入和利潤來自客戶的租金。AVL認可的供應(yīng)商(Approved Vendor List)對提供企業(yè)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的眾多供應(yīng)商中，某些符合公司的策略、對產(chǎn)品服務(wù)的要求，而成為合格或認可的供應(yīng)商。BOM物料清單 (Bill Of Material)一般亦可稱為產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)表或用料結(jié)構(gòu)表，它乃用來表示一產(chǎn)品成品或半成品是由那些零組件或素材原料所結(jié)合而成之組成元素明細，其該元素構(gòu)成單一產(chǎn)品所需之?dāng)?shù)量稱之為基量，BOM是所有MRP系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)，如果BOM表有誤，則所有物料需求都會不正確。天瀚定義90階為PCBA95階為Driver或Bundle的程式97階為Engine 或 組合好的主機98階為連包裝盒的產(chǎn)品(不連外箱)DMT成熟度驗證(Design Maturing Testing)以測試產(chǎn)品的穩(wěn)定度及成熟度為主，通常包含EMC測試及環(huán)境測試，有時也包含掉落測試。DVT 設(shè)計驗證(Design Verification Testing)以測試產(chǎn)品的功能性為主，通常還包含Debug。ECRN原件規(guī)格更改通知(Engineer Change Request Notice)現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品更換零件或原包材規(guī)格時，通知採購部門依新規(guī)格採購甚至變更BOM的憑據(jù)。EMC電磁相容(Electric Magnetic Capability)指電子產(chǎn)品的電磁輻射與對電磁的耐受能力ERP企業(yè)資源規(guī)劃 (Enterprise Resource Planning)於1998年在製造業(yè)市場上掀起一陣熱潮，ERP乃是一種企業(yè)再造的解決方案，藉由資訊科技的協(xié)助，將企業(yè)的營運策略及經(jīng)營模式導(dǎo)入整個以資訊系統(tǒng)為主幹的企業(yè)體之中，其非只是科技上的改變，而是牽涉到組織內(nèi)部所有關(guān)於人員、資金、物流、製造及企業(yè)內(nèi)部之跨地域或跨國際之流程整合管理。FCST 預(yù)估(Forecast)目前只在報表中看到一次，通常會與報表的性質(zhì)相關(guān)，如銷售報表上為銷售預(yù)估，庫存報表上為庫存預(yù)估。FQC成品品質(zhì)管制 (Finish or Final Quality Control)成品未裝箱前的品管工作。IPQC製程品質(zhì)管制 (In-Process Quality Control)產(chǎn)品未完成前，尚在製程中的品管工作。IQC進料品質(zhì)管制 (Incoming Quality Control)所有原物料在進廠前的品質(zhì)管制，此時公司尚無原件的所有權(quán)，如未通過檢驗則訂單並未完成，有些企業(yè)將IQC放在供應(yīng)商內(nèi)部執(zhí)行。ISO國際標準組織 (International Organization for Standardization)於西元1946年由各國國家標準團體所組成之世界性聯(lián)盟，制定各種規(guī)範或標準，如9000為一品質(zhì)需求之系統(tǒng)標準，14000為環(huán)保標準，18000為安全衛(wèi)生標準。其訴求之重點為要求企業(yè)內(nèi)部之運作必須有一定之作業(yè)程序，且每個作業(yè)程序必須予以書面化，但其並不是在幫您企業(yè)制定作業(yè)標準，而是強調(diào)各項作業(yè)流程必須按照公司所自訂之程序來執(zhí)行之，畢竟每個行業(yè)或公司都有其不同之文化，其運作模式並非企業(yè)外之組織所能幫您制定，故以一簡單之白話來表示：把做的寫下來，按照寫的做或言出必行，即為ISO所追求之最高宗旨。JIT即時管理 (Just In Time)JIT的基本原理是以需定供。即供方根據(jù)需方的要求(或稱看板)，按照需方需求的品種、規(guī)格、質(zhì)量、數(shù)量、時間、地點等要求，將物品配送到指定的地點。不多送，也不少送，不早送，也不晚送，所送物品要個個保証質(zhì)量，不能有任何廢品。JIT供應(yīng)方式具有很多好處，主要有以下三個方面：1.零庫存。用戶需要多少，就供應(yīng)多少。不會產(chǎn)生庫存，佔用流動資金。2.最大節(jié)約。用戶不需求的商品，就不用訂購，可避免商品積壓、過時質(zhì)變等不良品浪費，也可避免裝卸、搬運以及庫存等費用。3.零廢品。JIT能最大限度地限制廢品流動所造成的損失。廢品隻能停留在供應(yīng)方，不可能配送給客戶。JIT的觀念簡單但實行不易，特別是產(chǎn)品元件的Lead Time長，常見到的假象是庫存建在供應(yīng)商，但如此供應(yīng)商成本增加而導(dǎo)致元件價格較高。MRP物料需求規(guī)劃 (Material Requirement Planning)MRP乃美國當(dāng)局鑑於針對存貨控管問題之必要性，而由 Joseph A. Orlicky，George W. Plossl 及 Oliver W. Wight 三人在西元1970年於美國生產(chǎn)與存貨管制學(xué)會American Production and Inventory Control Society ，簡稱APICS會議中提出物料需求規(guī)劃之基本架構(gòu)；所謂MRP之計算即依照MPS之產(chǎn)品獨立需求，透過BOM展開之零組件相依需求，配合著當(dāng)時之存貨狀況，以求得某段期間內(nèi)應(yīng)投入生產(chǎn)或執(zhí)行採購之計劃方針，通常有二種方法及二種需求類型。Forward Scheduling (前導(dǎo)式排程)以計劃中的訂單發(fā)出後為起點，開始向前推導(dǎo)排程，一直到交貨期為止。Backward Scheduling (後導(dǎo)式排程)則與前導(dǎo)式相反，是以交貨期為起點，開始向後推導(dǎo)排程。Independent Demand (獨立需求)指外界或消費者對製成品或最終產(chǎn)品之市場需求，亦即企業(yè)所承接市場之訂單需求，因為它的需求量是由市場所決定，企業(yè)本身只可根據(jù)以往之經(jīng)驗法則予以預(yù)測，而無法加以控制或決定，故稱之為獨立需求。Dependant Demand (相依需求) 指由為製造產(chǎn)品所衍生對零組件或原物料之供料需求，因其需求多寡乃需源自產(chǎn)品之訂單需求量，即依附著產(chǎn)品需求而做變化，故稱之為相依需求。OQC出貨品質(zhì)管制 (Out-going Quality Control)出貨前的品質(zhì)管制。QCC品管圈 (Quality Control Circle)原以生產(chǎn)線為主，品管圈是同一工作現(xiàn)場的人員所組成，自動自發(fā)的持續(xù)進行改善活動的小團體，目前延伸的有個別改善小組及知識管理社群等。SCM供應(yīng)鏈管理 (Supply Chain Management)產(chǎn)品由起始原料轉(zhuǎn)換成完成品至最終顧客手上的流動過程中，影響其執(zhí)行績效的個體組合而成之網(wǎng)路稱為供給鏈，供給鏈的組成個體可能包括：供應(yīng)商製造工廠配銷點零售商最終