全新版大學(xué)英語第二冊(cè)u(píng)nit1(成人專升本)期末考試復(fù)習(xí)資料.doc

Unit 1 Ways of Learningl Pair Work1. What were the author and his wife doing in Nanjing in the spring of 1987?They were studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools in Nanjing.2. What was their son Benjamin fond of doing during their stay at the Jinling Hotel?Their 18-month-old son Benjamin was fond of trying to place the key into the slot of the key box during their stay at the Jinling Hotel.3. How would Chinese staff members of the hotel respond to Benjamins attempt to the key into the slot?They would come over to watch Benjamin and then try to teach him how to do it properly.4. Why did the author decide to work the key-slot anecdote into his discussions with Chinese educators?Because he realized that this anecdote was directly relevant to their assigned tasks in China: to investigate early childhood education and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.5. What did his Chinese collegues think of the key-slot incident?Most of them displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel.6. What did the author emphasize in presenting his views about the incident?He emphasized that the most important thing is to teach the child that on can solve a problem effectively by oneself.7. What does the author emphasize in presenting his views about the incident?He means that this incident pointed to important differences in educational and artistic practices between China and the USA.8. In what way does the author associate the key-slot incident with “teaching by holding his hand”?The manner in which the Chinese staff saw the need to teach the child by guiding his hand in the characteristic of a broader attitude to education, one that stands in contrast to the Western preference for leaving the child to explore and learn unaided.9. What examples does the author give to illustrate childhood education in the arts in China?One example is of children at the age of 5 or 6 painting flowers, fish and animals skillfully and confidently; in a second example, calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works; and in a third, young artists work on perfecting their craft for several hours a day.10. How do Americans and Chinese differ in their attitudes to creativity?Americans think that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge, and skills can be picked up later. Chinese think that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired, and there is no hurry to promote creativity.11. What makes them take different positions on the question of creativity?This is mainly due to the difference in their way of thinking.12. What suggestion goes the author make about seeking a better approach to fostering skills and creativity?The author makes the suggestion that we should strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills.l Vocabulary1、 To use the machine, first insert the correct coins, then select the drink you want and press the button.如何使用這種自動(dòng)售貨機(jī)，首先要真確插入硬幣，然后選則你要的飲料，最后按下按鈕。2、 Professor Smith translated not only from the French but also, on occasion , from the Polish.Smith教授不僅僅翻譯法語，有時(shí)候，他也會(huì)翻譯波蘭語。3、 Food chemists will investigate the health food on sale to see if it really does give the benefits claimed.食物學(xué)家們將要調(diào)查研究市面上出售的保健視頻，來看看是否他們真正含有他們宣傳所宣稱擁有的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。4、 In retrospect , it was the wrong time to open a new data processing center in this city.回顧往昔，在那個(gè)時(shí)候在這個(gè)城市創(chuàng)立一個(gè)新的數(shù)據(jù)處理中心是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)機(jī)。5、 My initial reaction to the news was relief, but as I thought more about it I began to feel angry.聽到這則消息，我起初的反應(yīng)是放松，不過當(dāng)我再去想它時(shí)，我開始感到氣憤了。6、A full understanding of mathematics is sufficient to explain a wide variety of natural phenomena.充分掌握數(shù)學(xué)，就可以充分解釋各種各樣的自然界的現(xiàn)象。7、 Make sure the label is firmly attached to the parcel before you mail it.當(dāng)你要寄包裹時(shí)，一定要確保標(biāo)簽已經(jīng)牢牢地粘在包裹上了。8、 My boyfriend bought me dinner to make up for being late the day before.我男朋友為我買了一頓晚餐，來彌補(bǔ)昨天的遲到。9、 The committee is awaiting a decision from the head office before it takes any action.這個(gè)委員會(huì)在采取行動(dòng)前，正在等待首席辦公室的決定。10、The little girl did not seem to be in the lest frightened of being left by herself in the house.這個(gè)小女孩至少看上去不像怕被一個(gè)人留在家里。11、The WTO is intended to promote trade among its member states.世貿(mào)組織意圖促進(jìn)各成員國(guó)見的貿(mào)易。12、When the moon emerged from behind the clouds I made out a figure moving in the distance.當(dāng)月亮從云彩后面出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我辨認(rèn)出了遠(yuǎn)處那個(gè)移動(dòng)的人地身影。1、 Chinese isnt a subject that can be picked up in a month. You cant accomplish your goal of mastering the language unless you work at it for years. It sounds as if I am exaggerating the difficulties, but the fact is Im only telling the truth.中文并不是一門可以在一個(gè)月內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)的學(xué)科。除非你多年學(xué)習(xí)，否則你不可能在短時(shí)期內(nèi)掌握它。聽上去好像我夸大了中文的難度，但是事實(shí)上我闡述的都是事實(shí)。2、 The principal is somewhat disappointed with performance of the children, From what she has gathered, some of the teaching staff have neglected their pupils. She has just announced that strict work regulations have been made and that applied to both Chinese and overseas teachers.校長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子們的表現(xiàn)不太滿意，她對(duì)一些教員對(duì)學(xué)生的忽視不滿。她宣稱嚴(yán)格的工作規(guī)定制度不僅僅適用于中國(guó)老師也適用于海外老師。3、 The teacher-directed and the child-directed approaches to teaching art represent two extremes of opinion. Too many teacher-directed activities cannot be expected to effectively assist children in learning because of the rigid structure. On the other hand , too many child-directed activities may see a curriculum that is totally unstructured and out of control. There are valid reasons to believe a teacher-guided approach would be a superior way to guide childrens development. This approach combines some form of structure with the child leading the direction.指導(dǎo)老師和孩子定向方法教學(xué)藝術(shù)代表兩個(gè)極端的意見。不能指望太多老師指導(dǎo)活動(dòng)有效地協(xié)助兒童因?yàn)閯傂越Y(jié)構(gòu)的學(xué)習(xí)。另一方面，太多的針對(duì)兒童的活動(dòng)可能會(huì)看到一種課程，是完全非結(jié)構(gòu)化和控制。有充分的理由相信一個(gè)老師指導(dǎo)的方法將是一種高級(jí)的方法來指導(dǎo)兒童發(fā)展。這種方法結(jié)合兒童主導(dǎo)方向的某種形式的結(jié)構(gòu)。l Cloze Is there a contrast between learning styles in China and the West? While we should be careful to avoid exaggerating the differences, they do appear to exist. In China, for example, greater priority is given to developing skills at an early age. The Americans, on the other hand , place more emphasis on prompting creativity in young children, leaving them to pick up skills later. American parents tend to avoid rushing in to assist their children as they try to accomplish a task, thinking it better that children should learn to solve problems by themselves. Such an approach can, on occasion , be mistaken for neglecting ones parental duties by those more used to “teaching by holding the hand,” Both approaches have their disadvantages as well as advantages, and it may well be worthwhile to search for a superior method that would combine the best of both worlds.中國(guó)與西方的學(xué)習(xí)方式有什么區(qū)別嗎？盡管我們?cè)噲D去避免夸大他們之間的不同時(shí)，但是不同還是存在的。例如，在中國(guó)，人們優(yōu)先考慮的是在早年進(jìn)行技藝的學(xué)習(xí)。另一方面，美國(guó)人更加注重小孩子的創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)展，然后才是技藝的學(xué)習(xí)。但孩子們?cè)谕瓿赡臣虑闀r(shí)，美國(guó)的父母認(rèn)為孩子們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)自己解決問題，他們會(huì)盡量避免早早地向孩子們提供幫助。有時(shí)，這個(gè)方法會(huì)讓那些經(jīng)?！笆职咽纸逃钡母改刚`會(huì)這些父母在消極怠工。這兩種方法都有他們的可取之處和不好的地方，也