高考完形填空解題指導.docVIP

高考完形填空解題指導 完形填空考察考生在閱讀理解的基礎上對詞匯知識的掌握情況。要求考生通讀全文，掌握文章大意，運用詞匯，語法等知識，選擇最佳答案，使文章意思通順，結構完整。一高考重點考什么？1 短文題材多為故事性較強的記敘文或議論文，有夾敘夾議，有說明敘述，有列舉事實，有心理活動描寫，也有感嘆等。2 考試中若考生的知識面不廣，對上下文的語境判斷不明，對常用動詞的一些內在細微差別把握不準的話，很容易掉入選項的陷阱。3 盡管短文在形式上有殘缺，但其內容，段與段之間的邏輯順序，句子和段落之間的聯(lián)系，句與句的銜接和詞語的搭配依然若隱若現(xiàn)的表露出來。4 選項的設置以意義選擇填空為主，以語法測試為輔；單詞填空為主，詞組和短語填空為輔。二解題方法和技巧1略讀全文，掌握大意 略讀就是快速的讀，以了解文章內容，結構為目的。完形填空首先是測試理解能力，所有的題目只有在比較準確地理解短文意思，了解其文章結構和句子結構后，才能有把握去選填。很多考生在考試時為了節(jié)省時間，邊讀邊選，這樣做是十分容易出錯的。因為邊讀邊選會一再打斷閱讀理解的整體連貫性，不易統(tǒng)覽全文，理清文章的脈絡。邊讀邊選還很有可能造成斷章取義，一空填錯，后面都跟著填錯。較好的辦法還是先花12分鐘把文章略讀一下，注意：略讀的目的是讀懂，只快不懂或似懂非懂，走個過場，那只是浪費時間和精力?？忌鶕恼聝热莺妥约旱那闆r，調整自己的閱讀速度。略讀之后，對文章的內容，結構及文章的主要線索，都要心中有數。完形填空短文的第一句通常不挖空。這是便于考生對短文主題，內容或背景有個大概了解。第一句也常直接點明主題內容，是設置語境的框架性句子。值得一提的是，我們在通讀全文時，不要拘泥于一詞一義的了解。對個別不理解的單詞，短語，只要不影響理解就可以不管它。2. 瞻前顧后,謹慎選擇 略讀文章后,就開始選擇。完形填空的每個空格究竟該選哪個選項才恰當，取決于以下幾個方面：第一，語境，上下文。它包括選項與所在句子的語義聯(lián)系，所在句子與周圍語句的意義上的關系，所在句在本段中所起的作用，所在句在整篇短文所起的作用以及其與文章的大意。第二，語法知識。從語境環(huán)境角度篩選后，不能得出最終答案，還要從語法角度再考慮動詞的形式，句子的結構形式等。第三，必要的常識。第四，注意同義詞，近義詞的細微區(qū)別和一些固定搭配。總之，判斷正確答案要從多角度去考慮，把語境，語法，詞法，常識，固定搭配等有機結合起來，綜合考慮，是做完型填空題的最佳方法。3. 復讀全文，仔細檢查 完成選擇后，最好再用一兩分鐘將短文從頭看一遍。為了使這一篇閱讀順暢，建議“考慮”第二步，即把選擇的詞語用鉛筆輕輕地填在空格中。閱讀時，對感覺不恰當的，可嘗試這樣的解題步驟： 第一步：綜觀加聯(lián)想。通讀全文，掌握大意。在通讀的過程中，通過前后聯(lián)想，猜測空格詞的意義，以期達到掌握大意的目的。 第二步：先易且定奪。對照選項再讀全文。驗證，修訂原來的猜測，將有把握的答案確定下來。這時往往絕大多數小題都已解出。 第三步：攻讀再復讀。重點檢查尚未解出的小題的前后句子，解出那些原來拿不準的少數題。 第四步：反思并修正。將侯選單詞放入原文中，重讀全文，看看有無邏輯上的問題，以期發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，改正錯誤。三. 高考完形填空試題備考方略 針對高考的命題特點，考生應該在復習中特別注意以下幾點： 1. 培養(yǎng)較強的閱讀能力 完形填空題由于句子斷結而使其難度增大，這就要求學生平時要加強閱讀訓練，注意首句對下面內容的提示，注意語篇內容的走勢，上下文的聯(lián)系，體會作者的意圖，注意關鍵詞的用法等。 2. 努力提高斷句恢復能力 平時看書時可以有意將自己認為重要的詞空出來，再有意地往里面填?？梢远嘧鲆恍┨羁疹}作為輔導性練習，要牢記常用的句式，短語及固定搭配，關注連接詞連接的前后句的關系，學會分析句子的結構。 3. 刻意提高斷句恢復能力 平時要加強對課文或者涉及某個主題的一小塊內容的背誦，擴大自己的背景知識，增強自己的語言記憶能力和詞匯的使用能力。 4. 積累大量有效詞的用法 要有一定的詞匯量，一個單詞可以有幾個詞義，對常用的詞義詞性都應當掌握，要掌握常用的詞語搭配和詞語辨析。記單詞時最好不要孤立地去記，要把單詞放在句子中記，注意它和前后的關系，這樣就把用法也記住了。 5. 要求熟練運用英語語法 實踐證明，詞匯，語法知識越豐富，閱讀速度就越快，對短文的理解就越深刻越全面。 6. 積少成多量變促成質變 認真做好最近兩年高考完形填空試題，并認真分析出錯題目，查找原因。同時，最好利用早讀時間反復背誦，強化語境感悟，實現(xiàn)與高考試題的“零距離”接觸。 【例1】 在語境中選擇 Before long, I happened to see a TV announcement about a reading 1 ,saying “Anyone can learn at any age. Better 2 than never.” So I decided to learn how to read from then on. 1. A. progress B. program C. practice D. plan 2. A. late B. earlyC.slow D.fast 【例2】依據常識選擇 A few months ago, I worked for a short time as a cashier in a restaurant. I also helped to clean the tables when it was especially busy. One night, just 1 Christmas, I found a large black wallet lying on the floor near one of the table. I suppose I should 2 it for the owners identification, but I was very 3 at that time putting things back 4 I could go home. I thought if the wallet contained anything valuable, the owner would be back to get it. Sure enough, fifteen minutes later a man came to the 5 to ask if a wallet had been handed in. I asked him to 6 the lost wallet, and after he had done so, I gave it to him.1. A. at B. after C. before D. on2. A. search B. check C. examine D. test3. A. tired B. busy C. excited D. eager4. A. before B. after C. then D. or5. A. table B. door C. counter D. owner6. A. talk B. say C. describe D. recognize【例3】利用上下文的邏輯關系進行選擇 Many people believe that Americans love their cars almost more than anything else. They are 1 about cars. Not only is the car the 2 means of transportation in the States, it has 3 become a “plaything”. 4 the time youngsters become 14 years old or even 5 , theyre likely to start 6 of having their own cars. 1. A. crazy B. careful C. sure D. worried 2. A. quickest B. closestC. basic D. scientific 3. A. already B. just C. even D. also 4. A. From B. By C. At D. Until 5. A. later B. earlier C. less D. more 6. A. fond B. imagining C. wishing D. dreaming能力測試A I never knew how well mother could keep a trust until I was going through her things after she died. I discovered something I had 1 forgotten, something that happened to me as a child. One night, as I lay in bed 2 my sisters and I had said our prayers, I recalled the events of the day and how 3 I had behaved toward Mother.“I must make things right before going to sleep,”I thought. Quietly I 4 out of bed and picked up pencil and paper from the dresser, then tiptoed into the hall. The 5 from the living room shone dimly. I knew Mother was downstairs mending socks. I quickly 6 a note asking Mother to forgive me for being so 7 . I didnt want my brothers and sisters to know our 8 so I added a postscript:“Please dont let anyone see this.” Then I quietly moved 9 my parentsbedroom and put the letter under Mothers pillow. The next morning, when I 10 my bed after breakfast, I unexpectedly found a 11 note under my pillow. Mother wrote that she loved me and 12 me. This became my 13 of apologizing whenever I talked back or disobeyed. Mother always left a return note, but she never 14 our under-the-pillow messages in front of the family. Even when we were 15 , she never mentioned them when we brothers and sisters recalled our childhood. When Mother 16 , I had to go through her personal belongings. In her desk was a bundle of notes tied with a faded ribbon. On top was a message in her handwriting. It read, “In the event of my death, please 17 these.” I 18 the packet and glanced at the handwriting on the bottom. To my surprise I 19 my childish writing, “P.S. Please dont let anyone see this. Love, Edie.” I gently placed the unopened bundle in the 20 along with other things for the rubbish burner. “Lord,” I prayed, “make me like my mother.”1. A. long B. just C. never D. often2. A. before B. after C. until D. since3. A. well B. politely C. happily D. badly4. A. jumped B. fell C. moved D. slipped5. A. moon B. light C. needle D. thread 6. A. found B. sent C. wrote D. took7. A. lazy B. late C. careless D. naughty8. A. mistakes B. business C. relation D. love9. A. out of B. around C. into D. behind10. A. searched B. left C. made D. went to11. A. different B. new C. return D. lovely12. A. missed B. understood C. supported D. forgave13. A. way B. secret C. favourite D. trick14. A. spoke about B. passed round C. gave out D. read aloud15. A. happy B. curious C. grown D. interested16. A. went away B. passed away C. went shopping D. went traveling17. A. destroy B. keep C. hide D. read18. A. picked up B. tore open C. looked through D. turned over19. A. recognized B. lost C. destroyed D. liked20. A. drawer B. wastebasket C. bedroom D. bookshelfB Last Thursday ,the day before I got on the plane to fly to China, I went to see a movie. It wasnt just any movie, but the recently released Harry Potter blockbuster “The Philosophers Stone” that has 1 Britain, America, and now Japan, by storm. The film is a tale of witchcraft 2 in modern-day Britain. Based on a book by J.K.Rowling, 3 tells the story of a very 4 baby, scarred at birth by an evil wizard who kills his parents. The only legacy(遺物) of the tragedy is a red 5 on the babys forehead- and magical 6 , inherited（繼承） from his mother and father, to fight against and overcome evil. The Harry Potter myth was founded five years ago by Joanne Rowling, a 7 single mother living in Edinburgh, in the north of the United Kingdom. Today, 110 million 8 of her books have been sold worldwide. But before her publishers would 9 the first manuscript（手稿）, Joanne Rowling 10 agree to change her name on the book cover to J.K. Rowling 11 it was feared that children, 12 young boys, 13 not read an adventure story written by a woman. 14 , when the books became an overnight success, did it become generally known that the talented and creative author was 15 a young and attractive woman. At the start of production, forty thousand 16 actors were auditioned （試演）and 17 for the screen role, yet Daniel Radcliffe was discovered when the producers took a 18 and went out to a theatre in Londons west end. There in the next row sat young Daniel who was visiting the theatre with his father 19 an evenings entertainment. Daniel was screen tested and with J.K. Rowlings agreement he was immediately 20 the part. Now kids around the world together with their parents are quite familiar with Harry Potter and the