北師大版高中英語(yǔ)必修三要點(diǎn)突破學(xué)案：Unit9 Wheels語(yǔ)法篇（教師版）.doc

unit 9 wheels 語(yǔ)法篇_1、 掌握過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。2、掌握現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。一. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have/has been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他各種人稱用have。2. 用法：表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始并且一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并由可能持續(xù)下去。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，也可能仍繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去，常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，并常帶有表示動(dòng)作起訖時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如since last week, since 1992等或由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；也可以帶有時(shí)間表示時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度的狀語(yǔ)，如for an hour, for a few days, these days等。i have been watching tv the whole evening. 我整個(gè)晚上一直在看電視。tom has been working hard since the new term began. 自從新學(xué)期開(kāi)始，湯姆一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)。表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)、反復(fù)發(fā)生。you have been telling me not to be late all the way. 一路上你反復(fù)告訴我不要遲到。表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，一般不再繼續(xù)，有時(shí)會(huì)指出結(jié)果。i have been playing ping-pong all the morning, so im sweating. 整個(gè)上午我一直在打乒乓球，所以渾身是汗。ive been painting the door, so my hands are dirty. 我一直在漆門(mén)，所以手很臟。表示某種感情色彩。you have been deceiving me. 你一直在騙我。誤區(qū)警示：某些不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞同樣不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如：see, hear, know, like等?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)多用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞瞬間性動(dòng)詞（詞組）go, get up, come, marry, finish等不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。二. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是兼有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)二者基本特點(diǎn)的時(shí)態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，所以它可以表示某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響，由于它由現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，所以它也可以表示某一動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性、臨時(shí)性、重復(fù)性、生動(dòng)性乃至感情色彩?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別如下：時(shí)態(tài)基本語(yǔ)法功能動(dòng)作的反復(fù)感情色彩現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)可表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)可表示強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果不表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)一般不表示感情色彩試比較：he has written a letter. 他寫(xiě)了一封信。（信已寫(xiě)好）he has been writing a letter. 他一直在寫(xiě)一封信。（一直在寫(xiě)信，尚未寫(xiě)好）have you met him recently? 你最近見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎？（不表示反復(fù)）have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他見(jiàn)面嗎？（表示反復(fù)）i have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（表示事實(shí)）i have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（表示不滿）例1. the manager _ _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.a. has toldb. is tellingc. has been tellingd. will have told解析：句意：經(jīng)理從上午十點(diǎn)開(kāi)始就一直在告訴工人們?nèi)绾胃纳七@個(gè)項(xiàng)目。考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。本題的關(guān)鍵信息詞是“since 9 am”。since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)多與完成時(shí)連用，而且此句強(qiáng)調(diào)從上午九點(diǎn)開(kāi)始到現(xiàn)在，經(jīng)理“一直”在說(shuō)，符合現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。答案：c。例 2. the girl has a great interest in sport and _ _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.a. tookb. is takingc. takesd. has been taking解析：句意：這個(gè)女生酷愛(ài)運(yùn)動(dòng)，在過(guò)去的三年里每周上兩次羽毛球課?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。over the last three years表示“在過(guò)去的三年里”，常與現(xiàn)在完成（進(jìn)行）時(shí)連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)反復(fù)的不間斷動(dòng)作。答案：d。例3.-i remember you were a talented pianist at college. can you play the piano for me?-sorry, i _ _ the piano for years.a. dont playb. wasnt playingc. havent playedd. hadnt played解析：句意：-我記得你上大學(xué)時(shí)是個(gè)有才華的鋼琴家。你能為我彈奏鋼琴嗎？-抱歉，我已經(jīng)很多年沒(méi)有彈鋼琴了?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)中的時(shí)間張宇for years可知，此處應(yīng)該是使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：c。例4. when i first met bryan i didnt like him, but i _ _ my mind.a. have changedb. changec. had changedd. would change解析：句意：當(dāng)我第一次見(jiàn)到布萊恩的時(shí)候，我不喜歡他。但是，我已經(jīng)改變主意了?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，說(shuō)話人已經(jīng)改變主意了，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：a。例5. tom _ _ in the library every night over the last three months.a. worksb. workedc. has been workingd. had been working解析：句意：在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月內(nèi)，湯姆每天晚上都在圖書(shū)館工作。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。over the last three months在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月內(nèi)可知是到現(xiàn)在為止“一直”在圖書(shū)館工作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案：c。例6.（2015 福建高考）-where is peter? i cant find him anywhere.-he went to the library after breakfast and _ _ his essay there ever since.a. wroteb. had writtenc. has been writingd. is writing解析：句意：-彼得在哪兒？我到處找不到他。-他早飯后去圖書(shū)館了，并且從那時(shí)起一直在那兒寫(xiě)文章。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由ever since可知，彼得從早飯后一直在圖書(shū)館寫(xiě)文章（說(shuō)話時(shí)應(yīng)該仍然在寫(xiě)），故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能持續(xù)下去。答案：c。例7.（2014 江西高考）-tony, why are your eyes red?-i _ _ up peppers for the last five minutes.a. cutb. was cuttingc. had cutd. have been cutting解析：句意：-托尼，為什么你的眼睛發(fā)紅？-在過(guò)去的5分鐘里我一直在切辣椒。根據(jù)for the last five minutes可知，此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。此題易誤選c，誤以為動(dòng)作是過(guò)去的過(guò)去發(fā)生的，其實(shí)此句是表達(dá)過(guò)去剛剛完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的直接影響。答案：d。例8.（2014 湖南高考）since the time humankind started gardening, we _ _ to make our environment more beautiful.a. tryb. have been tryingc. are tryingd. will try解析：句意：自從人類開(kāi)始園藝技術(shù)的時(shí)候起，我們就一直在努力讓我們的環(huán)境變得更加美麗?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)從句since the time.可知，主句應(yīng)該使用完成時(shí)，而“讓我們的環(huán)境變得更加美麗”這一動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行，所以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案：b?；A(chǔ)演練一. 用括號(hào)里所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. you know, i (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.2. the little boy is dirty all over because he (play) in the mud all the morning.3. he (read) in the library out since it opened this morning.4. here he is! we (wait) anxiously for him since last night.5. she has (live) here ever since she was ten.6. both of them (be) in hong kong for ten days.7. both of them (come) to hong kong ten days ago.keys： 1. have been looking; 2. has been playing; 3. has been reading; 4. have been waiting; 5. lived/been living; 6. have been; 7. came二. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. in order to find the missing child, villagers _ _ all they can over the past five hours.a. didb. doc. had doned. have been doing2. she was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children _ _ everything!a. had been eatingb. had eatenc. have eatend. have been eating3. when alice came to life, she didnt know how long she _ _ there.a. had been lyingb. has been lyingc. way lyingd. has lain4. i have to see the doctor because i _ _ a lot lately.a. have been coughingb. had coughedc. coughedd. cough5. -hello, i didnt know you were in america. how long _ _ here?-about one year.a. have you beenb. arec. wered. had you been6. my brother is an actor. he _ _ in several films so far.a. appearsb. appearedc. has appearedd. is appearing7. the telephone _ _ four times in the last hour, and each time it _ _ for my roommate.a. has rung; wasb. has been ringing; wasc. had rung; wasd. rang; has been8. -how is your grandfather?-my grandfather _ _for two years.a. diedb. has diedc. had been diedd. has been deadkeys：1-8 dbaa acad鞏固提高一. 用括號(hào)里所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. half an hour _ _ _ (pass) since the train _ _ _ (leave).2. mary _ _ _ (lose) her pen. _ _ _ you _ _ _ (see) it here and there?3. _ _ _ you _ _ _ (find) your watch yet?4. -are you thirsty?-no, i _ _ _ just _ _ _ (have) some orange.5. we _ _ _ already _ _ _ (return) the book.6. _ _ _ they _ _(build) a new school in the village.7. i _ _(not finish) my homework. can you help me?keys： 1. has passed; left; 2. has lost; have; seen; 3. have; found; 4. have; had; 5. have; returned6. have; built; 7. havent finished二. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. -weve spent too much money recently.-well, it isnt surprising. our friends and relatives _ _ around all the time.a. are comingb. had comec. were comingd. have been coming2. over the past decades, sea ice _ _ in the arctic as a result of global warming.a. had decreasedb. decreasedc. has been decreasingd. is decreasing3. please stop to have a rest. you _ _ the washing machine the whole morning.a. have repairedb. were repairingc. have been repairedd. have been repairing4. he _ _ articles for four newspaper these three years, and he _ _ about forty articles.a. has been writing; has writtenb. is writing; wrotec. is writing; has been writingd. has written; has written5. now that she is out of a job, lucy _ _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.a. had consideredb. has been consideringc. consideredd. is going to consider6. -would you like to go to shanghai?-yes. in the last ten years, great changes _ _ in shanghai.a. have been happenedb. have happenedc. have taken placed. have been taken place7. the housing prices _ _, but i doubt whether they will remain so.a. went downb. will go downc. have gone downd. were going down8. when you are home, give a call to let me know you _ _ safely.a. are arrivingb. have arrivedc. had arrivedd. will arrive9.（2015 北京高考）in the last few years, china _ _ great achievements in environmental protection.a. has madeb. had madec. was makingd. is making10.（2015 陜西高考）marty _ _ really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by friday.a. workedb. has been workingc. had workedd. has workedkeys：1-10 dcdab ccbab一. 改錯(cuò)題。1. all these years they are contributing articles to our magazine.2. i have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.3. what have you been doing before you left oxford?4. its a good job. have you done it all by yourself?5. its a long time since you come to see me.6. alice didnt see much of henry lately.7. im glad to tell you that you passed the exam.keys：1. are have been; 2. have been drinking have drunk; 3. have had; 4. have you done did you do; 5. come came; 6. didnt seen hasnt seen; 7. passed have passed二. 單項(xiàng)選擇。1. - im sure andrew will win the first prize in the final.-i think so. he _ for it for months.a. is preparingb. was preparingc. had been preparingd. has been preparing2. by the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. a. walks b. walkedc. has walkedd. had walked3. so far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.a. sawb. seec. had seend. have seen4. cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at sunshine school, where she _ english for a year.a. studiesb. studiedc. is studyingd. has been studying5. danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.a. worksb. is workingc. has workedd. had worked6. -i have got a headache.-no wonder. you_ in front of that computer too long.a. workb. are workingc. have been workingd. worked7. the unemployment rate in this district_ from 6% to 5% in the past two years.a. has fallenb. had fallenc. is fallingd. was falling8. now that she is out of job, lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet.a. had consideredb. has been consideringc. consideredd. is going to consider9. - _ you _ him around the museum yet?-yes. we had a great time there.a. have; shownb. do; showc. had; shownd. did; show10. -hi, tracy, you look pale.-i am tired. i _ the living room all day.a. paintedb. had paintedc. have been paintingd. have paintedkeys:1-10 dcddc cabac_一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1. -in my opinion, this english tv play can help students to learn new words.- _, i think its too hard to understand.a. i dont agree.b. why notc. i cant agree mored. sorry, im not sure2. after dinner, she gave mr. smith _ ride to _ red bridge airport where he would start his five-day holiday.a. a; ab. a; /c. /; thed. the; a3. i _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _.a. went; was occurringb. went; occurredc. was going; occurredd. was going; had occurred4. as english is getting more and more difficult to learn, my son has _ english now.a. turned onb. turned offc. turned upd. turned down5. the treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk by himself.a. whenb. whichc. whosed. where6. although the value of the pound has been falling recently, britain can still _ with the help from other countries.a. pull throughb. go throughc. put throughd. let through7. _ to the left, and you will find the path_ to the park. a. turn; leadingb. turned; to leadc. having turned; ledd. turning; leading8. -justin kicked the ball into his own goal.-thanks to his stupidi