動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式有三種.doc

動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式有三種：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞(一) 不定式、動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化：動(dòng)詞不定式有下列時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式變化。語(yǔ)態(tài)式一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式主動(dòng)to buildto have builtto be buildingto have been building 被動(dòng)to be buildto have been build 不定式由“ to十動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是“ not to do”不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化不定式可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)有時(shí)用“ for十名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成 1不定式的用法： l) 作主語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后，用 it作形式主語(yǔ)例； To see is to believe It is right to give up smoking 2)作賓語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。往往把不定式賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，而用 it作形式賓語(yǔ)例： I find it interesting to study work with him.3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意 ：在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等詞后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中，不定式不帶 to但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶 to例 I often hear him sing the song He is often heard to sing the song 注意：不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞 but，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞 do的各種形式，這些介詞后的不定式不帶 to，否則要帶 to如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go 4)作定語(yǔ)例如： I have some books for you to read 注作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞例如：He is looking for a room to live in There is nothing to worry about Please give me a knife to cut with但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是 time，place或 way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去例如： He had no money and no place to live.注當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但其含義有所不同試比較： A) Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎? B) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎? (不定式 to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的 me或someone else) 5)作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件例如： I came here to see you(目的) We were very excited to hear the news(原因) He hurried to the school to find nobody there(結(jié)果) To look at him, you would like him(條件)目的狀語(yǔ)還可以用 in order to或 so as to來(lái)表示如： In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard We ran all the way so as not to be late不定式也可在作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞后面作狀語(yǔ)例如： I am very glad to hear it The question is difficult to answer“ too十形容詞或副詞十不定式”作狀語(yǔ)例如： He is too old to do that另外句子中有 enough這個(gè)詞時(shí)，常用不定式作狀語(yǔ)例如： The room is big enough to hold us 6)作表語(yǔ)例：My job is to help the patient 7)作獨(dú)立成分例；To tell the truth， I dont agree with you. 8)不定式與疑問(wèn)詞 who，which，when，where，how，what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等例如： He didnt know what to say.(賓語(yǔ)) How to solve the problem is very important(主語(yǔ)) My question is when to start. (表語(yǔ)) 注意：在與 why連用時(shí)，只用于 why或 why not開(kāi)頭的簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶 to. 例如: Why not have a rest? 9)不定式在句中用主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式。多數(shù)情況下是容易判別的，但有時(shí)的確比較復(fù)雜，請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： A)不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。 Have you got a key to unlock the door? B)不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式 I have got a letter to write( I write letter) He needs a room to live in( He lives in a room) I know what to do( I do what) 但這句如改為下列形式，不定式就得用被動(dòng)形式：I know what is to be done. 這是因?yàn)?what is to be done是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中的主語(yǔ) what是動(dòng)詞 do的動(dòng)作對(duì)象 C)不定式作表語(yǔ)形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，和句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式多用主動(dòng)形式，這是因?yàn)槿藗兺J(rèn)為形容詞后省去了 for one或 for people例如： He is hard to talk to( to talk to him) The book is difficult to understand. ( to understand the book.) 但如果強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的受事者時(shí)，亦可用不定式被動(dòng)式，例如： The handwriting is very difficult to be read. The box is too heavy to be lifted D)在 “there十be” 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說(shuō)話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式，如果說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身必須完成，則用被動(dòng)形式 There is a lot of work to do. ( Somebody has to do the work) There is a lot of work to be done ( The work has to be done.) 請(qǐng)注意下面兩個(gè)句子的含義是不同的： There is nothing to do. 意為無(wú)事可做，感到十分乏味 There is nothing to be done意為某東西壞了，無(wú)法使之恢復(fù)正常2不定式的時(shí)態(tài) l)不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作，通常與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作(狀態(tài))同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生例如： I saw him go out 2)如果謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)行式例如： I am very glad to be working with you 3)如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，就要用完成式例如: Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 3不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài) 當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。例如： He asked to be sent to work in the countryside It is possible for our hopes to be realized 2.分詞的用法 l)作定語(yǔ) 分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞之后；單個(gè)分詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在被修飾的名詞之前例如: The man standing by the window is our teacher. The excited people rushed into the building 注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它表示的動(dòng)作是正在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先有后，一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，而要用定語(yǔ)從句。例如： The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的差異： 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不僅存在前置與后置的區(qū)別，而且存在狀態(tài)、時(shí)間與形式上的差異。 一、狀態(tài)差異 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)明顯存在狀態(tài)差異。一般來(lái)講，前置的現(xiàn)在分詞靜感強(qiáng)。而后置現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)感強(qiáng)。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注意體會(huì)這一點(diǎn)。 例1：The labouring people are the wisest. 例2：The farmers labouring here are not afraid of snakes 能前置的現(xiàn)在分詞為數(shù)不太多，常見(jiàn)的大都是已被形容詞化了的現(xiàn)在分詞。這一點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)在有些現(xiàn)在分詞前常有程度副詞，有些現(xiàn)在分詞甚至還有比較等級(jí)。 例3: I have brought very exciting news to you 例4：This is the most exciting story that I have ever read 二、時(shí)間差異 時(shí)間差異指現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間差異。有些現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這些現(xiàn)在分詞若改為定語(yǔ)從句宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 例5：Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise? Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any noise? 例6：The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday. The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.有些現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在(或當(dāng)時(shí))的狀態(tài)。此類現(xiàn)在分詞若改為定語(yǔ)從句宜用一般時(shí)態(tài)，而不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。若譯成漢語(yǔ)也應(yīng)注意體現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。 例7：They stayed at a hotel standing by the lake. 例8：The temple standing on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty. 三、形式差異 從形式來(lái)看，前置現(xiàn)在分詞多為單個(gè)分詞，而后置現(xiàn)在分詞多為短語(yǔ)。換句話說(shuō)，若用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，單個(gè)分詞要前置，分詞短語(yǔ)要后置。但也不能絕對(duì)如此，要視情況而定。要是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)感，即使是單個(gè)分詞也應(yīng)后置。 例9：Look! The girl singing is Alice and the one dancing is Mary 從內(nèi)容來(lái)講，前置現(xiàn)在分詞多為不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。后置現(xiàn)在分詞可帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。有時(shí)前置現(xiàn)在分詞也可有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，不過(guò)要置于分詞前，且中間要有連詞符號(hào)。當(dāng)然，帶比較級(jí)時(shí)除外。 例10：Barking dogs seldom bite 例 11：The person translating the songs can speak seven languages. 例 12：England and America are English-speaking countries值得說(shuō)明的是，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式與被動(dòng)式一般都不能用作前置定語(yǔ)，只能作后置定語(yǔ)，使用時(shí)應(yīng)慎重。例 13：We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here 2)作狀語(yǔ) 分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。例； Being a student, I must study hard.(原因) While reading the book, he nodded from time to time(時(shí)間) The teacher stood there surrounded by the students(方式) 注：分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致 注：表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可由連接詞 while或 when引出 注：有時(shí)“with( without)十名詞(或代詞賓格)十分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示伴隨狀況例； He lay half dead，with all his ribs broken 注：當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)：分詞必須有自己的主語(yǔ)例如: Time permitting, I will finish another lesson3)作表語(yǔ)例如： The news is inspiring. /The glass is broken 4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)例如:We saw the teacher making the experiment. 注意.感官動(dòng)詞feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at(一感二聽(tīng)五看)及find等既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞又可以接過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，既可以用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，也可以用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，但兩者的含義是有差別的，用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，(即處于發(fā)生的過(guò)程中，還沒(méi)有結(jié)束)，用不定式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，(即動(dòng)作全過(guò)程結(jié)束了)。例如： I saw the girl getting on the tractor I saw the girl get on the tractor and drive off He had his clothes washed. (他叫別人洗了衣服) We had the fire burning all day(我們使火燃燒了一整天)。 注意：“ have十賓語(yǔ)十現(xiàn)在分詞”表示主體使客體處于某狀態(tài)或干什么事；“ have十賓語(yǔ)十過(guò)去分詞”表示動(dòng)作是別人做的或與主體意志無(wú)關(guān)If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air moving against your face.The air can be felt moving against your face, if you wave your book in front of your face.The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead.The next morning the man was found lying in bed, dead. 2.表示“致使”動(dòng)詞get，have，leave等既可以接現(xiàn)在分詞又可以接過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。-Good morning. Can I help you?-Id like to have the package weighed, madam.(MET89)3.表示“意欲；命令”的動(dòng)詞如like，want，wish，order等常接過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：You must tell us exactly what you would like done.你必須準(zhǔn)確地告訴我們?cè)撟鍪裁?。The father wants his daughter taught the piano.這位父親想讓女兒學(xué)鋼琴。I wish it done quickly.我希望很快將此事做完。注意：set，start，catch常跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，make常跟過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(2004年北京春季卷)典例精析：1. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (2007全國(guó)I)A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt答案：A。解析：smell something burning“聞著什么東西在燃燒而發(fā)出糊味”強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。burning作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。something burnt “燒焦了的東西”表示一種狀態(tài)。所以選A。2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him. (2007年上海卷)A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call答案：A。解析：hear sb. doing sth.意為“聽(tīng)到某人在做某事”。動(dòng)詞+ing表示主動(dòng)，the child heard his mothers voice calling him表示“孩子聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他母親喊他”。hear sth. done表示“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某事被做了”。所以選A。3. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period. (2007年福建卷)A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve答案：A。解析：have sth. done表示“使某事被做”，have her written English improved “使她的書(shū)面英語(yǔ)得到提高”。動(dòng)詞+ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)。have sb. doing sth.意為“使某人一直在做某事”表主動(dòng)。have sb. do sth.意為“使某人做某事”表主動(dòng)，do前必須省略to。所以選A。4. - Did Peter fix the computer himself?- He _, because he doesnt know much about computers. (2007安徽)A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it答案：C。解析：have sth. done表示“使某事被做或請(qǐng)別人做某事”，動(dòng)詞+ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)。由because he doesnt know much about computers可判斷出2011年高考英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)及精品練習(xí)題(十)典型陷阱題分析1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college.A. enter B. to enterC. entering D. entered【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學(xué)一看到空格前的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could 就斷定此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形 enter?！痉治觥科鋵?shí)正確答案應(yīng)是B。此句為省略句，即在 could 后省略了動(dòng)詞 do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(yǔ)(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語(yǔ)的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(could)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏搭愃评洌?1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他們盡量安慰她。(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。值得指出的是，這也并不是說(shuō)今后只要遇到類似結(jié)構(gòu)的題就一定選帶to不定式。請(qǐng)看以下試題：(4) He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the early bus.A. to hope B. hopeC. hoping D. hoped此題的答案是 C不是A，其中的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ) hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。(5) He spent every minute he could _ spoken English.A. practise B. to practiseC. practising D. practised此題答案選 C，這與前面動(dòng)詞 spent 的搭配有關(guān)，即 spend (in) doing sth。若將此句補(bǔ)充完整，即為 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could _D_ his oral English.A. improve B. to improveC. improving D. to improving此題答案選D，注意兩點(diǎn)：一是 devote to 是固定搭配，意為“把貢獻(xiàn)給”；二是其中的 to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞。2. He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of your work. A. doing B. to doC. being doing D. to be done【陷阱】容易誤選B，根據(jù) cant help doing sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)推出。【分析】其實(shí)答案應(yīng)選A。比較以下結(jié)構(gòu)：cant help to do sth = 不能幫助做某事cant help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事又如下面一題，答案也是 B：She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A cleaning B. to cleanC. cleaned D. being cleaned再請(qǐng)看以下試題：While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A. to persuade B. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuaded此題應(yīng)選C，句中的 cant help 意為“禁不住”（注意根據(jù)句意用被動(dòng)形式）。3. All her time _ experiments, she has no time for films.A. devoted to do B. devoted to doingC. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選?！痉治觥看祟}最佳答案為B?，F(xiàn)分析如下：(1) devote 意為“致力于，獻(xiàn)身于”，主要用 devoteto或be devoted to，其中的to 是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式。(2) 選A錯(cuò)誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。(3) 選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語(yǔ)。(4) 選C錯(cuò)誤：因?yàn)閍ll her time 與 devote 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將devoting改為devoted。(5) 選D錯(cuò)誤：若單獨(dú)看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)，但問(wèn)題是逗號(hào)前后兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句沒(méi)有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對(duì)，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或?qū)將中的is 改為 being也可選它。請(qǐng)做以下類似題（答案均選A）：(1) All the preparations for the project _, were ready to start. A. completed B. have been completedC. had been completed D. been completed(2) Such _ the case, I couldnt help but_ him.A. being, support B. was, support C. has been, supporting D. is, to support比較以下各題，答案選B，因?yàn)榫渲惺褂昧瞬⒘羞B詞and：(1) All the preparations for the project _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. have been completedC. had been completed D. been completed(2) Such _ the case, I couldnt help but_ him.A. being, support B. was, support C. has been, supporting D. is, to support4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to makeC. not making D. do not make【陷阱】容易誤選C，受題干中的逗號(hào)的影響，認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果的用法?！痉治觥科鋵?shí)答案應(yīng)選B，句中的逗號(hào)相當(dāng)于連詞 and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是對(duì)逗號(hào)前的不定式 to make life easier 的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。此句的意思是“新技術(shù)的目的是為了使生活變得更容易，而不是使生活變得更困難”。兩個(gè)不定式同時(shí)用以說(shuō)明句子主語(yǔ) purpose 的內(nèi)容。請(qǐng)做以下類似試題（答案選B）：The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _ work for young people. A. provide B. to provideC. providing D. provided5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. to be tied B. being tiedC. tied D. having tied【陷阱】容易誤選B?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镃。從意義上看，hands 與 tie 的關(guān)系應(yīng)屬被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除D。在A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)A比較容易排除，因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ奖硎緦?lái)意義，在此與語(yǔ)境不符?，F(xiàn)將B和C作一比較：B為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式，它表示兩層意義，一是表被動(dòng)，二是表進(jìn)行，也就是說(shuō) his hands being tied 的實(shí)際意思是“他的手正在被捆住”，這顯然與語(yǔ)境不符。而C為過(guò)去分詞，它也表示兩層意義，一是表被動(dòng)，二是表示動(dòng)詞的完成或完成后的狀態(tài)，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可視為手被捆在背后的一種狀態(tài)。由此可知最佳答案為C。請(qǐng)看下面一題：Anyone _ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police. A. finds B. foundC. being found D. will find答案選B而不選C，其中的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。比較下面兩題，最佳答案是D不是A，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行：(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case _.A. argued B. to be arguedC. to be arguing D. being argued(2) The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages _.A. turned B. having turnedC. to be turned D. being turned6. Remind me _ the medicine tomorrow. A. of taking B. takingC. to take D. take【陷阱】容易誤選A。受 remind sb of (doing) sth 這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)的影響?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镃。比較以下三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：remind sb of about sth = 使某人想起某事remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做過(guò)某事（暗示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事（暗示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）請(qǐng)看兩個(gè)例句：I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做過(guò)的諾言。My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)那部電影。Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我給她打電話?7. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life.A. you fly B. your flightC. flight D. flying【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢笧镈。由于空格后出現(xiàn)了constantly這一副詞，這就說(shuō)明不能選B或C，因?yàn)锽、C均為名詞，不能受副詞 constantly 的修飾。A和D均是可能的，因?yàn)槠渲杏袆?dòng)詞 fly。但若選A，you fly 是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，與其后的謂語(yǔ) will be 相沖突，所以只能選D，即動(dòng)名詞flying在此用作主語(yǔ)。8. Not only should you get used _ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention _ your work well. A. to work, to do B. to working, to doingC. to work, to doing D. to working, to do【陷阱】容易誤選A，認(rèn)為兩個(gè)空白處均應(yīng)填不定式?！痉治觥空_答案為B，因?yàn)?get used to與pay attention to 這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的to均為介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，故后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，不能動(dòng)詞原形。類似地，以下各結(jié)構(gòu)中的 to 也是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，而不是動(dòng)詞原形：look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事be opposed to doing sth 反對(duì)做某事object to doing sth反對(duì)做某事stick to doing sth 堅(jiān)持做某事get down to doing sth 開(kāi)始做某事take to doing sth 喜歡上做某事admit to doing 承認(rèn)做了某事pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事devote ones time to doing sth 把某人的時(shí)間用于(奉獻(xiàn)于)做某事be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能勝任做某事What do you say to doing sth 你認(rèn)為做某事怎么樣9. Both of my parents insisted _ a computer for me, but I dont think it is necessary.A. to buy B. buyingC. on buying D. in buying【陷阱】容易誤選B，誤認(rèn)為insist后不能接不定式，但可以接動(dòng)名詞?！痉治觥看鸢笐?yīng)選C。其實(shí)，動(dòng)詞 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接動(dòng)名詞，因?yàn)閕nsist 通常用作不及物動(dòng)詞；若語(yǔ)義上需接賓語(yǔ)，要借助介詞 on或upon，即用于 insist on upon (doing) sth；但它有時(shí)的確也可用作及物動(dòng)詞，不過(guò)其賓語(yǔ)通常只能是 that 從句，而不能是普通的名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。如：He insisted on seeing her home. 他堅(jiān)持送她回家。I insisted that he (should) stay. 我堅(jiān)持要他留下。10. “Do you have anything more _, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something