人教版必修一Unit 2 English around the world grammar課時(shí)作業(yè)(1).docx

unit 2 english around the world grammar課時(shí)作業(yè)第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（a、b、c和d)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。aas a boy, charles robert darwin(達(dá)爾文）collected anything that caught his interest: insects, coins and interesting stones. he was not very clever, but darwin was good at doing the things that interested him.his father was a doctor, so darwin was sent to edinburgh to study medicine, and was planned to follow a medical career. but charles found the lectures boring. then his father sent him to cambridge university to study to be a priest. while at cambridge, darwins interest in zoology and geography grew. later he got a letter from robert fitzroy who was planning to make a voyage around the world on a ship, the beagle. he wanted a naturalist to join the ship, and darwin was recommended（推薦) that voyage was the start of darwins great life.as the beagle sailed around the world, darwin began to wonder how life had developed on earth. he began to observe everything. after he was home, he set to work, getting his collection in order. his first great work the zoology of the beagle was well received, but he was slow to make public his ideas on the origin of life.later darwin and wallace, another naturalist who had the same opinions as darwin, produced a paper together. darwins great book “on the origin of species by means of natural selection（物種起源）appeared it attracted a storm. people thought that darwin was saying they were descended from monkeys. what a shameful idea! although most scientists agreed that darwin was right, the church was still so strong that darwin never received any honors for his work.afterwards, he published another great work, the descent of man. his health grew worse, but he still worked. when i have to give up observation, i shall die, he said. he was still working on 17, april, 1882. he was dead two days later.1. darwins father sent him to edinburgh to .a. make him like natural history b. make him become a doctorc. let him change his hobbies d. have him give up his collection2. according to the passage； charles darwins whole life was changed by .a. his study at cambridge university b. his collection of coinsc. the naturalists at cambridge d. the voyage of the beagle3. the underlined part “they were descended from monkeys probably means “ ” .a. they gave monkeys life b. they were different from monkeysc. they were developed from monkeys d. they had to live with monkeys【答案】1. b 2. d 3. c【解析】試題分析：這篇文章介紹達(dá)爾文的事跡，成就，題目設(shè)置包括了主旨題，推理題，細(xì)節(jié)題都有，考生做題時(shí)，既要注意細(xì)節(jié)，也要通過文章的句子看到作者真正想表達(dá)的意思。1. b細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段的句子：so darwin was sent to edinburgh to study medicine, and was planned to follow a medical career.可知父親是想要達(dá)爾文做醫(yī)生。選b。2. d推理判斷題。從第二段最后一段的that voyage was the start of darwins great life.可知這次旅行影響他的一生。選 d。3. c推理判斷題。descend from意為由傳流下來，這里可理解為人類是由猴子演進(jìn)發(fā)展而來的。選c?？键c(diǎn)：考查人物傳記類閱讀【名師點(diǎn)睛】人物傳記類閱讀技巧：1、把握文體特征，注意寫作手法如前文所述，人物傳記是記敘文體的一種，因此在閱讀時(shí)要把握好時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件這四大要素。其次，還應(yīng)該注意人物傳記類文章的結(jié)構(gòu)多按時(shí)間順序排列，一般采用倒敘的寫作手法，有時(shí)也采用插敘和補(bǔ)敘等手段。弄清楚人物傳記類文章的特征和寫作手法，能幫助考生在閱讀和回答問題時(shí)做到高效省時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確無誤。2、抓住題干關(guān)鍵詞，采用尋讀的方法查找細(xì)節(jié)描述事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題是人物傳記類文章的主要題型，一般常見以下幾種類型：(1)對號入座題：這種題的答案一般在原文中可以直接找到，只要讀懂文章，掌握文章中的事實(shí)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件等細(xì)節(jié)問題，就能選對正確答案。(2)詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題：這種題常常是原文有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某個(gè)短語或句子的含義，從而找到與答案意思相同的詞語和句子。(3)是非題：該題型俗稱“三缺一”題型，即題目四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)符合文章內(nèi)容，剩下一個(gè)不符合。題干多為：which of the following is true?或者三個(gè)不符合文章內(nèi)容，剩下一個(gè)符合，題干多為：which of the followingisnottrue?或all the following are true except(4)排序題：這種題要求考生根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件發(fā)生的正確順序?？刹捎谩笆孜捕ㄎ环ā?，即先找出第一個(gè)動(dòng)作和最后一個(gè)動(dòng)作，迅速縮小選擇范圍，從而快速選出正確答案。(5)指代理解題：一般是在人物或事物關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜的情況下使用的一種題型，所以理清人物及事物之間的邏輯關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵所在?？刹捎谩斑壿嬯P(guān)系梳理法”，使人物或事件關(guān)系清晰條理。不管題型如何，在做事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)，可采用比較實(shí)用的方法一有目的的閱讀。在閱讀時(shí)，首先看題目要求我們理解什么細(xì)節(jié)，找出關(guān)鍵詞，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用尋讀的技巧迅速在文章里找出相應(yīng)的段落、句子或短語。認(rèn)真比較選項(xiàng)和文中細(xì)節(jié)的區(qū)別，在正確理解細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，確定最佳答案。這樣一來，既提高了閱讀的速度，又能確保答案的準(zhǔn)確率。同時(shí)，建議閱讀文章時(shí)把與答案相符的句子或短語用紅線標(biāo)示出來，標(biāo)號注上是哪一題答案的相關(guān)句子，這樣在檢查時(shí)就不必重新閱讀整篇文章了。3、抽絲剝繭，推理判斷深層含義推理判斷題主要提問那些未曾在文中說明，但已特別暗示的內(nèi)容，考查考生對文章的準(zhǔn)確理解和判斷。人物傳記類文章常見的推理判斷題型為：(1)細(xì)節(jié)推斷題：要求考生根據(jù)語篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識進(jìn)行推理判斷。(2)因果推斷題：要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的可能原因?？忌獪?zhǔn)確掌握文章的內(nèi)涵，理解文章的真正含義。(3)人物性格、作者態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)判斷題：人物傳記類文章中有些是考查考生對作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫人物的語氣、言語中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作者或文中人物態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解題。推理判斷題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上做出一定推論和判斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。解答此類題時(shí)，要注意：(1)吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。(2)對文字的表面信息進(jìn)俐宅掘加工，由表及里，由淺入深。從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過分析、綜合、判斷等進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推理。不能就事論事，斷章取義，以偏概全。(3)基于文章內(nèi)容，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，立足已知，推斷未知。不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。(4)把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)。要體會文章的基調(diào)，揣摸作者的態(tài)度，摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。(5)注意文中所用詞句的感情色彩，是諷刺性的，批評性的，贊成性的，還是反對性的，以便推測作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。blaptop computers are popular all over the world. people use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. these laptops connect people to their workplace. in the united states today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.westlake college in virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want. within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop. the laptops are part of a $ 10 million computer program at westlake, a 110-year-old college. the students with laptops will also have access to the internet. in addition, they will be able to use e-mail to “peak” with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. however, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. they can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the treesanywhere at all!because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. as laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. in addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the internet, but also libraries and other resources. state higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. state officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities, too.at westlake college, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. the laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. as one westlake teacher said, here we are in the middle of virginia and were giving students a window on the world. they can see everything and do everything.”4. the main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to .a. use for their schoolwork b. access the internetc. work at home d. connect them to libraries5. which of the following is true about westlake college?a. all teachers use computers. b. 1500 students have laptops.c. it is an old college in america. d. students there can do everything.6. a window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can .a. attend lectures on information technologyb. travel around the worldc. get information from around the worldd. have free laptops7. what can we infer from the passage?a. the program is successful.b. the program is not workable.c. the program is too expensive.d. we dont know the result of the program yet.【答案】4. a 5. c 6. c 7. d【解析】本文講述的是隨著技術(shù)的變化，便攜式電腦將在大學(xué)使用。4. a。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2段第一句westlake college in virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want 可知答案為a。5. c。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2段. westlake, a 110-year-old college可知答案為c。6. c。推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段they can see everything.可知答案為c。7. d。推斷題。因?yàn)檎恼轮v述的是將來的事情，所以我們不知道結(jié)果。故答案應(yīng)為d。cammie reddick from east kilbride, lanarkshire, was only 18 months old when she had the accident that had scarred(留下創(chuàng)傷）her for life. the curious child reached up to grab the wire of a hot kettle in the family kitchen and poured boiling water over her tiny infant frame.her mother ruby turned round and, seeing ammie horribly burnt, called an ambulance which rushed her daughter to a nearby hospital. twenty percent of ammies body had been burned and all of her burns were third-degree. there, using tissue（組織）taken from unburned areas of ammies body, doctors performed complex skin transplants(移植）to close her wounds and control her injuries, an operation that took about six hours. over the next 16 years, ammie underwent 12 more operations to repair her body.when she started school at maxwelton primary at age 4, other pupils made cruel comments or simply wouldnt play with her. i was the only burned child in the street, the class and the school,” she recalled, “some children refused to become friends because of that.”today, aged 17, ammie can only ever remember being a burned person with scars; pain is a permanent part of her body. she still has to have two further skin transplants. yet she is a confident, outgoing teenager who offers inspiration and hope to other young burns victims.she is a member of the scottish burned childrens club, a charity set up last year. this month, ammie will be joining the younger children at the graffham water center in cambridge shire for the charitys first summer camp. “ i will show them how to get rid of unkind stares from others,” she says. ammie loves wearing fashionable sleeveless tops, and she plans to show the youngsters at the summer camp that they can too.“ i do not go to great lengths to hide my burns scars,” she says, “ i gave up wondering how other people would react years ago.”8. what did other children do when ammie first went to school?a. they were friendly to her. b. they showed sympathy to her.c. they were afraid of her. d. they looked down upon her.9. ammie will teach the younger children at the graffham water center to .a. face others unkindness bravely b. hide their scars by proper dressingc. live a normal life d. recover quickly10. what does the underlined word permanent” in the 4th paragraph mean?a. necessary b. life-long c. difficult d. important11. what can be the best title of the passage?a. a seriously burned girl survivesb. ways to get rid of unkind staresc. permanent scars and pain for a girld. a seriously burned angel of hope【答案】8. d 9. a 10. b 11. d【解析】試題分析: 本文講述ammie reddick十八個(gè)月的時(shí)候遭遇一場意外，被熱水壺燙傷，做過十幾次皮膚移植手術(shù) ，身上留下了很多的傷疤，從小遭受了很多的白眼。但她非常自信、開朗，經(jīng)常鼓勵(lì)其他燙傷的小患者，讓他們充滿希望。8. d 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“other pupils made cruel comments or simply wouldnt play with her”可知其他同學(xué)不是對她冷嘲熱諷，就是不愿意跟她一起玩 ，故選d項(xiàng)。9. a 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第最后一段“ill show them how to get rid of unkind stares from others,” 得知ammie教他們?nèi)绾螌λ瞬挥押玫淖⒁曕椭员?，故選a項(xiàng)。10. b 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章中提到，ammie在過去的17年里接受了121次手術(shù)，接下來她還要做兩次皮膚移植手術(shù)，所以她的痛苦是“永久的、是終生的”，故選b項(xiàng)。11. d 考查主旨大意題?？v觀全文，可以看出本文主要講述了一個(gè)被燒傷的女孩的身殘志堅(jiān)的勵(lì)志故事，故選d項(xiàng)?？键c(diǎn)：教育勵(lì)志類閱讀dthe death of languages is not a new phenomenon. languages usually have a relatively short life span as well as a very high death rate. only a few, including egyptian, chinese, greek, latin, have lasted more than 2,000 years.what is new, however, is the speed at which they are dying out. europes colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. over the last 300 years, europe has lost a dozen, and australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century.the rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others. by making great efforts to establish an official language in education, the media and the civil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority languages.this process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge. monolingualism became an ideal.more recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the threat to “small” languages. a language not on the internet is a language that “no longer exists in the modern world. it is out of the game.the serious effects of the death of languages are evident. first of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural capacity for linguistic inventiveness. we would never be able to figure out the origins of human language or resolve the mystery of the first language. as each language dies, a chapter of human history closes.multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. the destruction of the first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second. imposing a language without any links to a peoples culture and way of life stifles the expression of their collective genius. a language is not only used for the main instrument of human communication. it also expresses the world vision of those who speak it, their ways of using knowledge. to safeguard languages is an urgent matter.12. which of the following does not contribute to the death of languages?a. colonial conquests of europeb. the boom of human populationc. advances in science and industrializationd. the rise of nation-states13. the underlined word “stifles” in the last paragraph probably means .a. boosts b. fuelsc. imposes d. kills14. the serious effects of the death of languages include all except that .a. people would fail to understand how languages originatedb. language diversity would become an obstacle to globalizationc. monolingualism would lead to the loss of multiculturalismd. human brains would become less creative linguistically15. what is the authors purpose of writing this passage?a. to explain the reasons why languages are dying out.b. to warn people of the negative aspects of globalization.c. to call peoples attention to the urgency of language preservation.d. to argue how important it is for people to speak more languages.【答案】12. b 13. d 14. b 15. c【解析】12. b細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中europes colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity；the rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting以及this process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress可知a，c，d均為語言消亡的原因。故選b。13. d詞意猜測題。此句意為：如果將一門語言強(qiáng)加給別人，卻沒有那個(gè)民族的文化和生活聯(lián)系，那么這只是在扼殺語言這一集體智慧的表達(dá)。由文意也可推測出stifles應(yīng)為貶義詞，是扼殺，毀滅的意思，故選d。14. b細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可得出a，d是正確的，由最后一段一二兩句可得出c是正確的。故選b。15. c主旨?xì)w納題。閱讀全文可知作者寫這篇文章是為了讓人么意識到語言消亡的嚴(yán)重性并呼吁人們重視語言的保護(hù)。故選c。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。taking good notes is a time-sa