維斯比規(guī)則英文版.doc

維斯比規(guī)則英文版Hague-Visby RulesArticle IDefinitionsIntheseRulesthefollowingexpressionshavethemeaningsherebyassignedtothemrespectively,thatistosay,(a)carrierincludestheownerorthechartererwhoentersintoacontractofcarriagewithashipper;(b)contractofcarriageappliesonlytocontractsofcarriagecoveredbyabillofladingoranysimilardocumentoftitle,insofarassuchdocumentrelatestothecarriageofgoodsbywater,includinganybillofladingoranysimilardocumentasaforesaidissuedunderorpursuanttoacharter-partyfromthemomentatwhichsuchbillofladingorsimilardocumentoftitleregulatestherelationsbetweenacarrierandaholderofthesame;(c)goodsincludesgoods,wares,merchandiseandarticlesofeverykindwhatsoever,exceptliveanimalsandcargowhichbythecontractofcarriageisstatedasbeingcarriedondeckandissocarried;(d)shipmeansanyvesselusedforthecarriageofgoodsbywater;(e)carriageofgoodscoverstheperiodfromthetimewhenthegoodsareloadedontothetimetheyaredischargedfromtheship.ArticleIIRisksSubjecttotheprovisionsofArticleVI,undereverycontractofcarriageofgoodsbywaterthecarrier,inrelationtotheloading,handling,stowage,carriage,custody,careanddischargeofsuchgoods,shallbesubjecttotheresponsibilitiesandliabilitiesandentitledtotherightsandimmunitieshereinaftersetforth.ArticleIIIResponsibilitiesandLiabilities1.Thecarriershallbebound,beforeandatthebeginningofthevoyage,toexerciseduediligenceto(a)maketheshipseaworthy;(b)properlyman,equipandsupplytheship;(c)maketheholds,refrigeratingandcoolchambers,andallotherpartsoftheshipinwhichgoodsarecarried,fitandsafefortheirreception,carriageandpreservation.2.SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticleIV,thecarriershallproperlyandcarefullyload,handle,stow,carry,keep,careforanddischargethegoodscarried.3.Afterreceivingthegoodsintohischarge,thecarrier,orthemasteroragentofthecarrier,shall,ondemandoftheshipper,issuetotheshipperabillofladingshowingamongotherthings(a)theleadingmarksnecessaryforidentificationofthegoodsasthesamearefurnishedinwritingbytheshipperbeforetheloadingofsuchgoodsstarts,providedsuchmarksarestampedorotherwiseshownclearlyuponthegoodsifuncovered,oronthecasesorcoveringsinwhichsuchgoodsarecontained,insuchamannerasshouldordinarilyremainlegibleuntiltheendofthevoyage;(b)eitherthenumberofpackagesorpieces,orthequantity,orweight,asthecasemaybe,asfurnishedinwritingbytheshipper;(c)theapparentorderandconditionofthegoods:Providedthatnocarrier,masteroragentofthecarriershallbeboundtostateorshowinthebillofladinganymarks,number,quantity,orweightwhichhehasreasonablegroundforsuspectingnotaccuratelytorepresentthegoodsactuallyreceivedorwhichhehashadnoreasonablemeansofchecking.4.Suchabillofladingshallbeprimafacieevidenceofthereceiptbythecarrierofthegoodsasthereindescribedinaccordancewithparagraphs3(a),(b)and(c).However,prooftothecontraryshallnotbeadmissiblewhenthebillofladinghasbeentransferredtoathirdpartyactingingoodfaith.5.Theshippershallbedeemedtohaveguaranteedtothecarriertheaccuracyatthetimeofshipmentofthemarks,number,quantityandweight,asfurnishedbyhim,andtheshippershallindemnifythecarrieragainstallloss,damagesandexpensesarisingorresultingfrominaccuraciesinsuchparticulars.Therightofthecarriertosuchindemnityshallinnowaylimithisresponsibilityandliabilityunderthecontractofcarriagetoanypersonotherthantheshipper.6.Unlessnoticeoflossordamageandthegeneralnatureofsuchlossordamagebegiveninwritingtothecarrierorhisagentattheportofdischargebeforeoratthetimeoftheremovalofthegoodsintothecustodyofthepersonentitledtodeliverythereofunderthecontractofcarriage,or,ifthelossordamagebenotapparent,withinthreedays,suchremovalshallbeprimafacieevidenceofthedeliverybythecarrierofthegoodsasdescribedinthebilloflading.Thenoticeinwritingneednotbegivenifthestateofthegoodshasatthetimeoftheirreceiptbeenthesubjectofjointsurveyorinspection.Subjecttoparagraph6bisthecarrierandtheshipshallinanyeventbedischargedfromallliabilitywhatsoeverinrespectofthegoods,unlesssuitisbroughtwithinoneyearoftheirdeliveryorofthedatewhentheyshouldhavebeendelivered.Thisperiodmay,however,beextendedifthepartiessoagreeafterthecauseofactionhasarisen.Inthecaseofanyactualorapprehendedlossordamagethecarrierandthereceivershallgiveallreasonablefacilitiestoeachotherforinspectingandtallyingthegoods.6.bisAnactionforindemnityagainstathirdpersonmaybebroughtevenaftertheexpirationoftheyearprovidedforintheprecedingparagraphifbroughtwithinthetimeallowedbythelawoftheCourtseizedofthecase.However,thetimeallowedshallbenotlessthanthreemonths,commencingfromthedaywhenthepersonbringingsuchactionforindemnityhassettledtheclaimorhasbeenservedwithprocessintheactionagainsthimself.7.Afterthegoodsareloadedthebillofladingtobeissuedbythecarrier,masteroragentofthecarrier,totheshippershall,iftheshippersodemands,beashippedbilloflading,providedthatiftheshippershallhavepreviouslytakenupanydocumentoftitletosuchgoods,heshallsurrenderthesameasagainsttheissueoftheshippedbilloflading,butattheoptionofthecarriersuchdocumentoftitlemaybenotedattheportofshipmentbythecarrier,master,oragentwiththenameornamesoftheshiporshipsuponwhichthegoodshavebeenshippedandthedateordatesofshipment,andwhensonotedthesameshallforthepurposeofthisArticlebedeemedtoconstituteashippedbilloflading.8.Anyclause,covenantoragreementinacontractofcarriagerelievingthecarrierortheshipfromliabilityforlossordamagetoorinconnectionwithgoodsarisingfromnegligence,faultorfailureinthedutiesandobligationsprovidedinthisArticleorlesseningsuchliabilityotherwisethanasprovidedintheseRules,shallbenullandvoidandofnoeffect.Abenefitofinsuranceorsimilarclauseshallbedeemedtobeaclauserelievingthecarrierfromliability.ArticleIVRightsandImmunities1.Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallbeliableforlossordamagearisingorresultingfromunseaworthinessunlesscausedbywantofduediligenceonthepartofthecarriertomaketheshipseaworthy,andtosecurethattheshipisproperlymanned,equippedandsupplied,andtomaketheholds,refrigeratingandcoolchambersandallotherpartsoftheshipinwhichgoodsarecarriedfitandsafefortheirreception,carriageandpreservationinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofparagraph1ofArticleIII.Wheneverlossordamagehasresultedfromunseaworthiness,theburdenofprovingtheexerciseofduediligenceshallbeonthecarrierorotherpersonclaimingexemptionunderthisarticle.2.Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallberesponsibleforlossordamagearisingorresultingfrom(a)act,neglect,ordefaultofthemaster,mariner,pilotortheservantsofthecarrierinthenavigationorinthemanagementoftheship;(b)fire,unlesscausedbytheactualfaultorprivityofthecarrier;(c)perils,dangersandaccidentsoftheseaorothernavigablewaters;(d)actofGod;(e)actofwar;(f)actofpublicenemies;(g)arrestorrestraintofprinces,rulersorpeople,orseizureunderlegalprocess;(h)quarantinerestrictions;(i)actoromissionoftheshipperorownerofthegoods,hisagentorrepresentative;(j)strikesorlock-outsorstoppageorrestraintoflabourfromwhatevercause,whetherpartialorgeneral;(k)riotsandcivilcommotions;(l)savingorattemptingtosavelifeorpropertyatsea;(m)wastageinbulkorweightoranyotherlossordamagearisingfrominherentdefect,qualityorviceofthegoods;(n)insufficiencyofpacking;(o)insufficiencyorinadequacyofmarks;(p)latentdefectsnotdiscoverablebyduediligence;(q)anyothercausearisingwithouttheactualfaultandprivityofthecarrier,orwithoutthefaultorneglectoftheagentsorservantsofthecarrier,buttheburdenofproofshallbeonthepersonclaimingthebenefitofthisexceptiontoshowthatneithertheactualfaultorprivityofthecarriernorthefaultorneglectoftheagentsorservantsofthecarriercontributedtothelossordamage.3.Theshippershallnotberesponsibleforlossordamagesustainedbythecarrierortheshiparisingorresultingfromanycausewithouttheact,faultorneglectoftheshipper,hisagentsorhisservants.4.AnydeviationinsavingorattemptingtosavelifeorpropertyatseaoranyreasonabledeviationshallnotbedeemedtobeaninfringementorbreachoftheseRulesorofthecontractofcarriage,andthecarriershallnotbeliableforanylossordamageresultingtherefrom.5.(a)Unlessthenatureandvalueofsuchgoodshavebeendeclaredbytheshipperbeforeshipmentandinsertedinthebilloflading,neitherthecarriernortheshipshallinanyeventbeorbecomeliableforanylossordamagetoorinconnectionwiththegoodsinanamountexceeding666.67unitsofaccountperpackageorunitor2unitsofaccountperkilogrammeofgrossweightofthegoodslostordamaged,whicheveristhehigher.(b)Thetotalamountrecoverableshallbecalculatedbyreferencetothevalueofsuchgoodsattheplaceandtimeatwhichthegoodsaredischargedfromtheshipinaccordancewiththecontractorshouldhavebeensodischarged.Thevalueofthegoodsshallbefixedaccordingtothecommodityexchangeprice,or,iftherebenosuchprice,accordingtothecurrentmarketprice,or,iftherebenocommodityexchangepriceorcurrentmarketprice,byreferencetothenormalvalueofgoodsofthesamekindandquality.(c)Whereacontainer,palletorsimilararticleoftransportisusedtoconsolidategoods,thenumberofpackagesorunitsenumeratedinthebillofladingaspackedinsucharticleoftransportshallbedeemedthenumberofpackagesorunitsforthepurposeofthisparagraphasfarasthesepackagesorunitsareconcerned.Exceptasaforesaidsucharticleoftransportshallbeconsideredthepackageorunit.(d)TheunitofaccountmentionedinthisArticleistheSpecialDrawingRightasdefinedbytheInternationalMonetaryFund.Theamountsmentionedinsub-paragraph(a)ofthisparagraphshallbeconvertedintonationalcurrencyonthebasisofthevalueofthatcurrencyonthedatetobedeterminedbythelawoftheCourtseizedofthecase.Thevalueofthenationalcurrency,intermsoftheSpecialDrawingRight,ofaStatewhichisamemberoftheInternationalMonetaryFund,shallbecalculatedinaccordancewiththemethodofvaluationappliedbytheInternationalMonetaryFundineffectatthedateinquestionforitsoperationsandtransactions.Thevalueofthenationalcurrency,intermsoftheSpecialDrawingRight,ofaStatewhichisnotamemberoftheInternationalMonetaryFund,shallbecalculatedinamannerdeterminedbythatState.Nevertheless,aStatewhichisnotamemberoftheInternationalMonetaryFundandwhoselawdoesnotpermittheapplicationoftheprovisionsoftheprecedingsentencesmay,atthetimeofratificationoftheProtocolof1979oraccessiontheretooratanytimethereafter,declarethatthelimitsofliabilityprovidedforinthisConventiontobeappliedinitsterritoryshallbefixedasfollows:(i)inrespectoftheamountof666.67unitsofaccountmentionedinsub-paragraph(a)ofparagraph5ofthisArticle,10,000monetaryunits;(ii)inrespectoftheamountof2unitsofaccountmentionedinsub-paragraph(a)ofparagraph5ofthisArticle,30monetaryunits.Themonetaryunitreferredtointheprecedingsentencecorrespondsto65.5milligrammesofgoldofmillesimalfineness900.TheconversionoftheamountsspecifiedinthatsentenceintothenationalcurrencyshallbemadeaccordingtothelawoftheStateconcerned.ThecalculationandtheconversionmentionedintheprecedingsentencesshallbemadeinsuchamannerastoexpressinthenationalcurrencyofthatStateasfaraspossiblethesamerealvaluefortheamountsinsub-paragraph(a)ofparagraph5ofthisArticleasisexpressedthereinunitsofaccount.Statesshallcommunicatetothedepositarythemannerofcalculationortheresultoftheconversionasthecasemaybe,whendepositinganinstrumentofratificationoftheProtocolof1979orofaccessiontheretoandwheneverthereisachangeineither.(e)Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallbeentitledtothebenefitofthelimitationofliabilityprovidedforinthisparagraphifitisprovedthatthedamageresultedfromanactoromissionofthecarrierdonewithintenttocausedamage,orrecklesslyandwithknowledgethatdamagewouldprobablyresult.(f)Thedeclarationmentionedinsub-paragraph(a)ofthisparagraph,ifembodiedinthebilloflading,shallbeprimafacieevidence,butshallnotbebindingorconclusiveonthecarrier.(g)Byagreementbetweenthecarrier,masteroragentofthecarrierandtheshipperothermaximumamountsthanthosementionedinsub-paragraph(a)ofthisparagraphmaybefixed,providedthatnomaximumamountsofixedshallbelessthantheappropriatemaximummentionedinthatsub-paragraph.(h)Neitherthecarriernortheshipshallberesponsibleinanyeventforlossordamageto,orinconnectionwith,goodsifthenatureorvaluethereofhasbeenknowinglymis-statedbytheshipperinthebilloflading.6.Goodsofaninflammable,explosiveordangerousnaturetotheshipmentwhereofthecarrier,masteroragentofthecarrierhasnotconsented,withknowledgeoftheirnatureandcharacter,mayatanytimebeforedischargebelandedatanyplaceordestroyedorrenderedinnocuousbythecarrierwithoutcompensation,andtheshipperofsuchgoodsshallbeliableforalldamagesandexpensesdirectlyorindirectlyarisingoutoforresultingfromsuchshipment.Ifanysuchgoodsshippedwithsuchknowledgeandconsentshallbecomeadangertotheshiporcargo,theymayinlikemannerbelandedatanyplaceordestroyedorrenderedinnocuousbythecarrierwithoutliabilityonthepartofthecarrierexcepttogeneralaverage,ifany.ArticleIVbisApplicationofDefencesandLimitsofLiability1.ThedefencesandlimitsofliabilityprovidedforintheseRulesshallapplyinanyactionagainstthecarrierinrespectoflossordamagetogoodscoveredbyacontractofcarriagewhethertheactionbefoundedincontractorintort.2.Ifsuchanactionisbroughtagainstaservantoragentofthecarrier(suchservantoragentnotbeinganindependentcontractor),suchservantoragentshallbeentitledtoavailhimselfofthedefencesandlimitsofliabilitywhichthecarrierisentitledtoinvokeundertheseRules.3.Theaggregateoftheamountsrecoverablefromthecarrier,andsuchservantsandagents,shallinnocaseexceedthelimitprovidedforintheseRules.4.Nevertheless,aservantoragentofthecarriershallnotbeentitledtoavailhimselfoftheprovisionsofthisArticle,ifitisprovedthatthedamageresultedfromanactoromissionoftheservantoragentdonewithintenttocausedamageorrecklesslyandwithknowledgethatdamagewouldprobablyresult.ArticleVSurrenderofRightsandImmunities,andIncreaseofResponsibilitiesandLiabilitiesAcarriershallbeatlibertytosurrenderinwholeorinpartalloranyofhisrightsandimmunitiesortoincreaseanyofhisresponsibilitiesandliabilitiesundertheRulescontainedinanyoftheseArticles,providedsuchsurrenderorincreaseshallbeembodiedinthebillofladingissuedtotheshipper.TheprovisionsoftheseRulesshallnotbeapplicabletocharter-parties,butifbillsofladingareissuedinthecaseofashipunderacharter-partytheyshallcomplywiththetermsoftheseRules.NothingintheseRulesshallbeheldtopreventtheinsertioninabillofladingofanylawfulprovisionregardinggeneralaverage.ArticleVISpecialConditionsNotwithstandingtheprovisionsoftheprecedingArticles,acarrier,masteroragentofthecarrierandashippershallinregardtoanyparticulargoodsbeatlibertytoenterintoanyagreementinanytermsastotheresponsibilityandliabilityofthecarrierforsuchgoods,andastotherightsandimmunitiesofthecarrierinrespectofsuchgoods,orhisobligationastoseaworthiness,sofarasthisstipulationisnotcontrarytopublicpolicy,orthecareordiligenceofhisservantsoragentsinregardtotheloading,handling,stowage,carriage,custody,careanddischargeofthegoodscarriedbywater,providedthatinthiscasenobillofladinghasbeenorshallbeissuedandthatthetermsagreedshallbeembodiedinareceiptwhichshallb