高考英語語法知識點歸納總結(jié)：狀語從句(1).doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡，僅供學習與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除狀語從句種 類從屬連詞例 句說 明時間狀從whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.We shall go there whenever we are free.when指的是“某一具體的時間”whenever指的是“在任何時間”I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.I was about to go swimming when our guide stopped me. when意為“這時”或“在那個時候”,表示某件事正在發(fā)生或剛剛發(fā)生時，另一動作同時發(fā)生。這種用法的when分句一般位于句末。常用句型：be about to do when, be doing when, had done when, be on ones way when, be on the point of doing whenHe usually walks when he might ride.They had only three tables when they needed five.How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 盡管，雖然，既然，鑒于，如果whileWhile it was raining, they went out.I stayed while he was away.while指“在某一段時間里”，“在期間”，while引導的動作必須是持續(xù)性的I like watching TV while he likes reading. while 做并列連詞，表示相對關(guān)系“然而”While I understand your point of view, I dont share it.While 引導讓步狀語從句，相當于although，但一般位于主句之前。While there is life, there is hope.While引導條件狀語從句，相當于as/so long as,翻譯成“只要”asHe hurried home, looking behind as he went.as引導持續(xù)性動作，強調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生As I get older, I get more optimistic.兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況，有“隨著”的意思，表時間的推移。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.一邊一邊As he was going out, it began to rain.強調(diào)兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生。As a boy(When he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.as+名詞，相當于時間狀語從句beforeA.Be a pupil before you become a teacher.BWe waited a long time before he came out.We hadnt waited long before he came out.C He died before he wrote a will.D he sun had set before we knew it. Leave me before I changed my mind. Id die before I apologized to them. Get out before I call the police.往往表示主句的動作先于從句的動作發(fā)生，“在之前”，A.“ 才”（強調(diào)主句所表達的時間、舉例很長或花費的力氣很大。）B.“就”（強調(diào)主句所表達的時間、舉例短或花費的力氣很大。）C“還沒有”“免得”“不知不覺”“寧可、寧愿”“否則，要不然”It will be five years before he returns to his homeland. It wont be long before we meet again.It+（not）be+some time+before從句?？隙ň渲校岸嚅L時間之后才”；否定句中，“用不了多長時間就”afterHe arrived after the game started.until/till We waited till (until)he came back .如主句動詞是持續(xù)性動作，常用肯定式，表示“直到為止”She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.如主句動詞是瞬間動詞，常用否定式，表示“直才”“在以前不”,從句放在句首表示強調(diào)，一般用untilsinceGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.狀語從句在主句之前時一般用逗號與主句分開，如從句在主句之后則不必用標點符號。Mr. Li has been here since he came back.I have written home but once since I came here.since后是非延續(xù)性動詞的過去式，則時間的起點應從該動作發(fā)生時算起。He has written to me frequently since he was ill.since后是延續(xù)性動詞的過去式，則時間的起點應從該動作結(jié)束時算起。It is (has been) a long time since I smoked.It has been two years since I began to smoke. It + be+ some time+since 短語或從句，如果從句中謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，意為“做某事已有多長時間”；如果是延續(xù)性動詞，意為“不做某事已有多長時間”。需要注意主句與從句時態(tài)的一致性。一就Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.hardlywhen和no soonerthan的意義相當于as soon as,但只表示過去發(fā)生的事情，主句為過去完成時，從句為過去時，如hardly或no sooner位于句首時語氣強，而且主句的謂語要用部分倒裝。一就Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.Next time you come ,youll see him.有些名詞或副詞可以起連詞的作用。如：the minute, the moment, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, next time, every time, the last time, each time, all the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly, as soon as, once等。在時間狀語從句中，不能用將來時或過去將來時，而要用現(xiàn)在時或過去時代替將來時。On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.一On his arrival in Paris, he was recognised as a oble and thrown into prison.on doing sth.或on ones +名詞地點狀從wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.Where there is water there is life.You are free to go wherever you like.Wherever you go, you must obey the law.where與wherever意義基本相同，但后者語氣較強，多用于書面語。where表示特定的地點，wherever表示非特定的地點。原因狀從becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on dutybecause用來回答why 的問題，語氣最強not becausebut because 不是因為而是因為partly because 部分是因為because because of sinceSince everyone is here, lets begin our meetingsince表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首forHe must be ill, for he is absent today.不是說明直接原因，而是對某種情況加以推斷，用于表示補充說明理由。asAs he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.As 語氣最弱，其原因只是對結(jié)果的附帶說明。從句常放在句首，說明原因，主句說明結(jié)果，常用于口語中。now that, seeing that, considering that，in thatNow (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.Now(that) everybody is here, lets begin.seeing (that), now that, considering that和since, as 意義相似，他們都有“鑒于某個事實”的意思，that可以省去in that中that不能省略。now that用來說明一種新情況，然后加以推論，位于句首時，that 可以省略。目的狀從thatso thatin order that=to the end that lest = for fear thatI shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.目的狀語從句中常用情態(tài)動詞may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在動詞之前，從句往往放在主句之后，主從句之間不用任何標點符號in case Take your raincoat in case it rainsHe left early in case he (should) miss the last train.In case “以防”后面的從句可以使用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，或使用一般過去時表示過去將來，還可以和其他的目的狀語從句一樣，有一個表推定性的情態(tài)動詞，in case從句可使用should，但should也可以省略。結(jié)果狀從so thatsothatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.so that前有逗號為結(jié)果狀語從句sothat的so后面跟形容詞或副詞suchthatHe gave such important reasons that he was excused.It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.suchthat的such后面跟名詞，如果名詞是單數(shù)就要用such a /anthat還可以轉(zhuǎn)換用sothat，語氣較強條件狀從ifunlessas/so long asin caseso far asonceDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.In case I forget, please remind me about it So far as I know, the book will be published next month.unless從句的謂語只能用肯定式。unless和ifnot同義，unless是書面語，ifnot是口語，通常二者可以換用條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)一般要用現(xiàn)在時或過去時代替一般將來時或過去將來時suppose/supposing (that)假定provided/providing (that) ;on condition (that) 在條件下，以為條件Suppose/Supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? Ill go provided/providing the children can come with me.Ill allow you to go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the bank.方式狀從asas ifas thoughDraw a cat as I taught you Do as you are told.She looks as if she is ill.He acted as if (though) nothing had happenedThey treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.此處as譯為：按照或正如as if或as though的意義和用法基本一樣。從句中可以用現(xiàn)在時表示可能符合事實，也可以用虛擬語氣as it is/wasI thought conditions would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.Leave it as it is. 用于句首時，用來陳述真實的情況，可以翻譯為“事實上，實際情況是”；用于句末時，常表示“按原來的樣子，照現(xiàn)在的樣子”，若前面的名詞委復數(shù)，則應改為as they are/were。as it wereHe is, as it were, a walking dictionary.The sky is covered, as it were, with a black curtain.用作插入語，表示“仿佛，好像，可以說是”，不能改為as it is (was)讓步狀從althoughthoughAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.在句子中一般用了“雖然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以與yet或still連用。though / although意義相同，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語化，后者正式多放主句的前面even if, even thoughIll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.even if 和even though的意思為“即使”“縱使”有退一步設(shè)想的意味，多用于書面語中asChild as he is , he knows a lot .Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.as引出的狀語從句多用于書面語，它比用though或although引導的從句，語氣強，更有表現(xiàn)力，從句常放在句首，語序部分倒裝。no matter (whether, who, what when, where, which, how)Do it no matter what others say.No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.no matter與 who-ever引導的讓步狀語從句意義基本一 樣，no matter引導的從句可是以位于主句前或主句后wh+ever (whatever whoever ,whenever whichever ,however)Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.Whoever comes, he will be welcome.短語“盡管”In spite of/Despite the fact that he is sometimes selfish, we