八年級下冊生物期中試題.doc

八年級下冊生物期中試題清華大學英語系測試：為中學英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：/ 清華大學英語教授50年研究成果八年級下冊生物期中試題一、單項選擇題（ 每題2分共30分）1、在看菊展的時候，我們可見同一植株上開眼開有不同顏色的菊花，他們是經(jīng)過怎樣的方式繁殖而來的 （ ） A種子繁殖 B. 扦插 C 嫁接 D. 壓條 2、下列動物中，屬于不完全變態(tài)發(fā)育的是 ( ) A. 蜜蜂 B.蝗蟲 C.蠶 D 蚊3、你見過青蛙嗎? 青蛙的發(fā)育過程包括四個階段，順序是 受精卵 成蛙 蝌蚪 幼蛙 ( )A . . . B . . . C . . . D . . . 4、鳥卵中,將來可孵化成雛鳥的部分是 ( )A. 卵黃 B 卵白 C 胚盤 D 卵黃系帶5、正常認得體細胞中含有( )染色體 ( ) A 23對 B 12對 C 23條 D 39對6、生物親代的性狀是通過( )傳遞給后代的。 ( )A生殖器官 B生殖細胞 C體細胞 D細胞核7、小明的爸爸是雙眼皮（Aa）、媽媽是單眼皮（aa），小明也是單眼皮?？刂菩∶餮燮さ幕蚪M成是 （ ）AAA B. aa C. Aa或aa D. Aa8、我國的婚姻法禁止近親結(jié)婚，因為近親結(jié)婚的 （ ）A后代易得傳染病 B. 后代都會得傳染病C. 后代成活率很第 D. 后代得傳染病的機會增加.9、牛的體細胞內(nèi)含有30對染色體，那么牛的生殖細胞含染色體數(shù)是 ( )A. 30對 B. 30條 C. 15對 D. 15條10. 下列有關生物進化的規(guī)律的敘述中，不正確的是 ( )A. 由陸生到水生 B 有水生到陸生C. 由低等到高等 D. 由簡單到復雜11、地球上的生命是怎樣起源的 ( )A. 上帝創(chuàng)造的 B. 由外空間掉下來的C. 原始海洋中的物質(zhì)經(jīng)過漫長的歲月逐漸演變來的D. 是地球上的物質(zhì)在短時間形成的12、與人類關系最近的類群是 ( )A. 魚類 B. 兩棲類 C. 爬行類 D. 哺乳類13、下列疾病中不屬于遺傳病的是 ( )A. 白化病 B. 肝炎 C. 紅綠色盲 D. 血友病14、在嫁接植物時，一定要注意將接穗與砧木的 ( )A. 木質(zhì)部接上 B. 韌皮部接上 C. 形成層接上 D. 樹皮接在一起15、我們在探究花生果實大小變異的過程中,制定和實施計劃時不應該 ( )A. 隨機抽取 B. 樣品要少于30粒C. 要選擇和設計適當?shù)臏y量工具和測量方法D. 測量結(jié)果用曲線圖或直方圖表示二、填空 （每空2分共20分）1、生命在生物圈中的延續(xù)和發(fā)展，最基本的環(huán)節(jié)是通過 和 進行的。2、家蠶的一生要經(jīng)過 ， ， ，和 四個時期，而且 和 的形態(tài)結(jié)構和生活習性差異很大，這種發(fā)育過程稱為完全變態(tài)發(fā)育。3、青蛙的生殖和發(fā)育必須在 中進行。4、鳥類的生殖和發(fā)育過程，一般包括 、 筑巢、產(chǎn)卵、 和育雛等幾個階段。5、遺傳是指親子間的 ，變異是指親子間和子帶個體間的 。生物的遺傳和變異是通過 和 而實現(xiàn)的。6、一種生物的同一性狀的不同 叫做相對性狀，控制性狀的基因一般是 存在的，并且常有顯性和 之分。7、科學的推測需要確鑿的 ，憑空想象是站不住腳的。三、判斷 （14分）1、“金蟬脫殼”這個成語，從生物學角度看，是指蟬在發(fā)育過程中存在的脫皮現(xiàn)象。 （ ）2、基因是染色體上具有控制性狀的DNA片段。 （ ）3、變異是可以遺傳的。 （ ）4、嫁接就是把一個植物體接到另一個植物體上。 （ ）5、蝌蚪不僅用鰓呼吸，還用肺呼吸，因此被稱為兩棲動。（ ）6、現(xiàn)在地球上仍然會形成原始生命。 （ ）7、遺傳病只要及時治療，一般是可以治愈的。 （ ）四、連線 （8分）卵白 有保護作用卵黃 將來可孵化成雛鳥卵殼 能為胚胎發(fā)育提供所需的養(yǎng)料，又能提供必需的水分胚盤 含有卵細胞的主要營養(yǎng)成分五 分析題 （10分）小麥的高稈是由顯性基因A控制，小麥的矮稈是由隱性基因a控制?，F(xiàn)將上述高稈小麥與矮稈小麥進行雜交，子代小麥是高稈。請分析回答下列問題。1子代高稈的小麥體細胞中含有的基因是 。2如果用子代高稈小麥與矮稈小麥（aa）雜交，其后代表現(xiàn)的性狀是怎樣的？ 。六、簡答1你知道“南橘北枳”的說法嗎？試加以解釋。（10分）2請用圖解的方式，表示染色體、DNA、基因之間的關系。（8分）答案：一、1C 2B 3B 4C 5A 6B 7B 8D 9B 10A11C 12D 13B 14C 15B二、1、生殖、發(fā)育 2、受精卵、幼蟲、蛹、成蟲、幼蟲、成蟲 3、水中 4、求偶、交配、孵卵 5、相似性、差異、生殖、發(fā)育 6、不同表現(xiàn)形式、成對、隱性 7、證據(jù)三、1 2 3 4 5 6 7四、卵白 即能為胚胎發(fā)育提供所需養(yǎng)料，又能提供必須水分卵黃 含有卵細胞的主要營養(yǎng)成分卵殼 有保護作用胚盤 將來可孵化成雛鳥五、1、Aa 2、50%表現(xiàn)為高稈Aa、50%表現(xiàn)為矮稈aa 六、1、答：“南橘北枳”是說南方的橘子移到北方之后其味道、色澤等品質(zhì)都發(fā)生變化，不能稱為橘，只能稱為枳。其原因是二者基因型雖然相同，但環(huán)境條件的改變可以使性狀發(fā)生改變。2 清華大學英語系測試：為中小學生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：/ 清華大學英語教授50年研究成果哈佛大學英語系研究，美國布什推薦。專為中小學生英語量身定做。官方網(wǎng)站：/ 哈佛大學英語教授研究組提供初一英語閱讀訓練閱讀理解1 I am Tony Smith. I am twelve. I am in No.101 Middle School. Im in Class 2, Grade 7. My good friend is Jim Green. He is an English boy. He is twelve, too. He is in my class. He can speak good Chinese. Jane is in Class 2, too. I think she is a good girl. My Chinese teacher is Mr. Wang. His students like him. He is very cool.根據(jù)短文填空，每空一詞。1. Tony _ twelve. His last name is _.2. Tony and Jim are _ the same _. Jane is _ Class 2, too.3. Tony and Jim _ good _.4. Jims _ is very good.5. Mr. Wang is their _ teacher. He is _. His students him very much.閱讀理解2Linda：Hello, Paul, is this your pencil?Paul：Yes, it is. Thank you.Linda：Is this your book?Paul：No, it isnt. Maybe（也許）its Marys.Linda：Mary, is this your book?Mary：No, it isnt. My book is here. Ask（問）Bill. Maybe its his.Linda：Bill, is this your book?Bill：Yes, it is.Linda：Here you are.Bill：Thank you very much. But where is my bag?根據(jù)對話判斷正（T）誤（F）。( )1. This is Lindas pencil.( )2. Bill is a student.( )3. The book is Bills.( )4. Mary cant find（找到）her book.( )5. Paul knows（認識）Linda and Mary.閱讀理解3 Look at these things. This is Mr. Wangs ID card. And this is Jims watch, thats Marys key. Ginas notebook is over there. Look! Whats that on the floor? Oh, its gold ring. Its Jennys ring. Its very nice.根據(jù)短文選擇最佳答案。1. This is Mr. Wangs _. A. notebook B. key C. ID card D. watch2. _ notebook is over there. A. Jims B. Ginas C. Jennys D. Marys3. Is this Jims watch? _ A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isnt. C. Yes, he is. D. No, he isnt.4. Is Jennys ring very nice? _ A. Yes, she is. B. No, she isnt. C. Yes, it is. D. No, it isnt.5. Mr. Wangs name is on his _. A. ring B. watch C. key D. ID card閱讀理解4閱讀短文，判斷正（T）誤(F)This is my friend John Wilson and his family. This is his grandfather. His name is Fritz. This is his grandmother. Her name is Evenly. This is his mother. Her name is Anna. This is his father. His name is Earl. These are his sisters, Christie and Carina. ( )1.Fritz is Johns grandfather.( )2.Anna is his grandmother.( )3.John has two sisters.( )4.Earl is his father.( )5.Christie is Annas daughter.閱讀理解5判斷正誤，正確的寫“T”，錯誤的寫“F”。 This is a picture of the twins room. It is a nice room. Lucys books are on the desk. Her schoolbag is on the floor. Lilys pencils are on the books. Her bag is behind her chair. Their coats are behind the door. We cant see Lucy and Lily in the picture. They are not at home.( ) 1. This is a picture of Lily and Lucys room.( ) 2. Lucys schoolbag is behind the chair.( )3. Lucys and Lilys coats are on the chair.( )4. Lucy and Lily are not at home.( )5. Their room is nice.閱讀理解6This is Jims room. Its not big, but its very clean. There is a bed in the room. Its near the door. Under（在下）the bed, there are two balls. There is a desk and a chair near the window. There is a bookcase beside the desk. On the bookcase, there are many books and newspaper（報紙）. There are two pictures in the room, too. They are on the wall.根據(jù)短文選擇最佳答案。( ) 1. The balls are _.A. near the window B. on the desk C. under the bed D. beside the desk( ) 2. Jims bed is _.A. near the door B. near the window C. on the bookcase D. on the wall( ) 3. _ are on the wall of Jims room.A. The books B. The balls C. The newspapers D. The pictures( ) 4. Jims _ are on his bookcase.A. books B. newspaper C. pictures D. A and B( ) 5. Jims room is _.A. big B. not clean C. dirty（臟的） D. not big閱讀理解7 I am a student. I go jogging every morning, and I go swimming twice a week. I spent a lot of time playing all kinds of ball games. I like football, volleyball, and ping pong. I am very good at football, so I play on the school team. After school, I like playing ping pong with my friend, Liu Ming. Liu Ming is not only good at sports but also good at his studies.閱讀短文和句子，正確的寫T，錯誤的寫F。( ) 1. I often go jogging in the morning.( ) 2. I go swimming once a week.( ) 3. I spend very little time playing ball games.( ) 4. I like to go swimming in my free time.( ) 5. Liu Ming is interested in his studies but not good at sports.閱讀理解8Namehave /hasdont（doesnt）havePaula baseball, a soccer balla tennis racketGinaa backpack, a watcha baseball batJima basketball, a TVa pair of baseball glovesKatean alarm clocka watch, a ballTommya math book, CDsa video cassette根據(jù)表格所提供信息，選擇最佳答案。( ) 1. Gina has _, but she doesnt have _.A. a watch; a ball B. a clock; a watchC. a clock; a ball D. a watch; a baseball bat( ) 2. Kate has _, but she doesnt have _.A. a watch; a ball B. a ball; a clockC. a book; CDs D. a clock; a watch( ) 3. Paul and Jim have _.A. books B. CDs C. balls D. tennis rackets( ) 4. Tommy has a _ and some _.A. watch; balls B. book; CDs C. baseball; CDs D. video cassette; books閱讀理解9 My name is Diana, my sister is Gina. We have a volleyball, and we like it very much. We play volleyball after school. And at night, we often watch it on TV. But my father doesnt like it. He is a writer, he likes to read books.回答問題：1. What is her sisters name?2. What do they like?3. Do they have a football?4. Do they watch TV?5. What does her father like?閱讀理解10閱讀短文，判斷正誤，在正確的寫T， 在錯誤的寫F。 My name is Mary and I have a brother and a sister, David and Helen. For breakfast, we all like hamburgers. Helen and I like milk, but David doesnt. I dont like eggs for breakfast, but David and Helen do. I like them for lunch. I like fruit for supper. We really like chicken and salad for dinner. I like fried chicken and salad with carrots. David likes salad with fruit. Helen thinks everything for salad is fine.( )1. Mary likes eggs for lunch. ( )2. David likes milk for breakfast. ( )3. Mary and Helen likes fried chicken. ( )4. David likes salad. ( )5. Helen doesnt like carrots for salad. 閱讀理解11NameBobsalad, broccoli, orangesbananas, pearsJillsalad, bananas, pearsoranges, tomatoesBillhamburgers, broccolipears, ice creamJennyice cream, salad, pearstomatoes, French fries根據(jù)表格所提供的信息，選擇最佳答案。( )1. _ likes pears, but doesnt like tomatoes or oranges.A. Jill B. Jill or Jenny C. Bob D. Bill( )2. _ likes salad, but doesnt like pears.A. Jill B. Jenny C. Bob D. Bill( )3. _ likes oranges. _ likes hamburgers. They dislike pears.A. Bob; jenny B. Bob; Bill C. Jenny; Jill D. Bill; Jill( )4. _ likes broccoli, but doesnt like ice cream.A. Jill B. Jenny C. Bob D. Bill( )5. Bob and the two girls like _. A. ice cream B. salad C. pears D. broccoli閱讀理解12 Everybody wants to be healthy. You know food is very important. There are many healthy foods. You can have more bananas, apples, oranges, tomatoes and lettuce because fruits and vegetables are good for you. But dont eat too much chocolate. Its not good for you. But dont eat too much chocolate. Its not good healthy food. Healthy food can make you grow and make you strong and happy. Remember there is a saying, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Sports can also keep you healthy. Get up early and do some sports every day. Dont be lazy! You will be healthy and happy.( )1. Which is right?_A. Everybody is healthy. B. We want to be healthy. C. We are important.( )2. What are healthy foods? _A. Fruits and vegetables. B. Bananas, apples and chocolate.C. Fruits and chocolate.( )3. Why are healthy foods good for you? _A. They make you happy. B. They make you grow strong.C. They make you grow and make you strong and happy.( )4. “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” means（意思是）：_A. The doctor goes away when he sees an apple.B. The doctor runs away when you give him an apple.C. You eat an apple every day and you can be healthy.( )5. What keeps you healthy? _A. Fruits and vegetables. B. Healthy food.C. Healthy food and sports.閱讀理解13 Americans usually eat three meals a day. Breakfast usually comes before eight oclock in the morning. They usually have eggs, some meat, bread, fruit juice and coffee. Lunch is between twelve and one oclock. It is like a light meal and working people must take lunch with them or get it near workplace.Children in school take sandwiches, fruit, and cookies with them or eat in school. Supper, the main meal, is between six and eight in the evening. People cook it carefully. They may have meat or chicken, turkey and duck. They may all have potatoes or rice, vegetables or salad. The drink is coffee, tea or milk. Then comes the dessert.( )1. Americans have breakfast _.A. after eight oclock B. at eight oclockC. before eight oclock in the morning D. in the morning( )2. _ is the most important meal in a day.A. Breakfast B. Lunch C. Meals D. Supper( )3. What does “l(fā)ight” mean in Chinese? _A. 重的B. 有用的C. 輕的D. 不太重要的( )4. Americans usually have breakfast and supper at _.A. home B. office C. inn D. work place( )5. When Americans have supper, _ comes last.A. drink B. meat C. dessert D. Vegetables閱讀理解14 The word for this summers new clothes is HAPPY. Colors are bright and sunny, with lots of yellow, red, and orange. You can also find some great bright patterns, such as striped and checked pants. In the stores this summer, youll see a lot of beautiful floral dresses. Long skirts are popular again, and so are jeans and shorts for vacations and sports. White is the new color for shoes and bags. So put away all of your boring black and dark colors-its time for summer! ( )1. Where would you find this reading passage?A. in an art magazine B. in a mens magazine C. in a sports magazine D. in a womens magazine( )2.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Bright colors are popular now. B. White is the new color for shoes and bags. C. Summer fashion is always happy. D. New clothes are very expensive to buy.( )3.On what kind of clothes will you see flower designs? A. shorts B. pants C. skirts D. dresses( )4.Which color is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. orange B. white C. green D. Black閱讀理解15Masons Clothing StoreClothes（衣服）Color（顏色）Price（價格）sockswhite, blue$4pantsblack$11sweaterred, white$8T-shirtred, green, black$7hatblack, red$6( )1. Which is the cheapest（最便宜的）of all? _A. Hat. B. T-shirt. C. Pants. D. Socks.( )2. How much are two sweaters and a hat? _A. $14. B. $20. C. $21. D. $22.( )3. You can buy（買到）_.A. black pants B. a blue sweater C. a green hat D. red socks( )4. You like red and you only have $6. You can take_.A. a sweater B. a hat C. a T-shirt D. none（全無）( )5. You only have sixteen dollars. You can buy_.A. a sweater and a pair of pants（褲子）B. two T-shirts and a pair of socksC. a sweater and two pairs of socksD. a sweater and two hats閱讀理解16 Hello. Im Meg. Im 12 years old. I have a brother and a sister. My brother is 9 and my sister is only 4 years old. I like hamburgers and salad. My brother likes tomatoes and my sister likes ice cream. We have a small sports collection. We all like tennis. Today is my mothers birthday. Today is January 21st. Theres a big birthday cake on the table. How much is it? Do you know? Its 7 dollars. Come to my mothers birthday party and have some cake.根據(jù)短文選擇最佳答案。( )1. How old is Megs brother? _A. 12. B. 4. C. 9.( )2. What does Meg like? _A. Salad. B. Tomatoes. C. Ice cream.( )3. Does Megs sister like tennis? _A. Yes, they do. B. Yes, she does. C. Yes, he does.( )4. When is her mothers birthday? _A. January 21st. B. January 31st. C. February 21st.( )5. How much is the cake? _A. $12. B. $9. C. $7.( )6. Where is the birthday cake? _A. On the TV. B. On the table. C. On the sofa.哈佛大學英語系研究，美國布什推薦。專為中小學生英語量身定做。官方網(wǎng)站：/ 哈佛大學英語教授研究組提供學英語簡單嗎？肯定會有許多學生說：“難死了”。為什么有好多學生對英語的學習都感到頭疼呢？答案只有一個：“不得法?！?英語與漢語一樣都是一種語言，為什么你說漢語會如此流利？那是因為你置身于一個漢語環(huán)境中，如果你在倫敦呆上半年，保準說起英語來會非常流利。但很多中學生沒有很好的英語環(huán)境，那么你可以自己設置一個英語環(huán)境，堅持“多說”、“多聽”、“多讀”、“多寫”，那么你的英語成績肯定會很出色。 一、多“說”。 自己多創(chuàng)造機會與英語教師多講英語，見了同學，尤其是和好朋友在一起時盡量用英語去問候，談心情這時候你需隨身攜帶一個英漢互譯小詞典，遇到生詞時查一下這些生詞，也不用刻意去記，用的多了，這個單詞自然而然就會記住。千萬別把學英語當成負擔，始終把它當成一件有趣的事情去做。 或許你有機會碰上外國人，你應大膽地上去跟他打招呼，和他談天氣、談風景、談學校只是別問及他的年紀，婚史等私人問題。盡量用一些你學過的詞匯，句子去和他談天說地。不久你會發(fā)現(xiàn)與老外聊天要比你與中國人談英語容易的多。因為他和你交談時會用許多簡單詞匯，而且不太看重說法，你只要發(fā)音準確，準能順利地交流下去。只是你必須要有信心，敢于表達自己的思想。 如果沒有合適的伙伴也沒關系，你可以拿過一本書或其它什么東西做假想對象，對它談你一天的所見所聞，談你的快樂，你的悲傷等等，長此堅持下去你的口語肯定會有較大的提高。 二、多“聽” 尋找一切可以聽英語的機會。別人用英語交談時，你應該大膽地去參與，多聽聽各種各樣人的發(fā)音，男女老少，節(jié)奏快的慢的你都應該接觸到，如果這樣的機會少的話，你可以選擇你不知內(nèi)容的文章去聽，這將會對你幫助很大，而你去聽學過的課文的磁帶，那將會對你的語言語調(diào)的學習有很大的幫助。 三、多“讀”。 “讀”可以分為兩種。一種是“默讀”。每天給予一定時間的練習將會對你提高閱讀速度有很大的好處，讀的內(nèi)容可以是你的課本，但最好是一些有趣的小讀物，因為現(xiàn)在的英語高考越來越重視閱讀量和閱讀速度。每道題的得分都與你的理解程度有很大關系，所以經(jīng)過高中三年閱讀的訓練后，你必定會在高考中勝券在握。 另一種是“朗讀”這是學語言必不可少的一種學習途徑。 四、多“寫” 有的同學總是抱怨時間緊，根本沒時間寫作文。其實“寫”的形式很多，不一定就寫作文才提高寫作能力。比如寫下你一天中發(fā)生的一些重要的事情，或當天學了某一個詞組，你可以創(chuàng)設一個語境恰如其份地用上這個詞。這樣即可幫你記住這個詞的用法，又可以鍛煉你的寫作能力，比如學“wish”一詞時，可寫一小段如下： The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,Im different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor. 只幾句話：但wish的幾種用法已躍然紙上，這樣寫下來印象會深刻得多，這樣比死記硬背wish的用法也有趣輕松的多。 學習英語不用花大塊的時間，10分鐘的散步可以練說,吃完飯后可以讀一會兒英語小說，睡前聽幾分鐘英語，可以使你得到更好地休息只要你每天抽出一些時間來練英語，你的英語成績肯定會很快提高的。 背英語單詞技巧 1、循環(huán)記憶法 艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線 人的大腦是一個記憶的寶庫，人腦經(jīng)歷過的事物，思考過的問題，體驗過的情感和情緒，練習過的動作，都可以成為人們記憶的內(nèi)容。例如英文的學習中單詞、短語和句子，甚至文章的內(nèi)容都是通過記憶完成的。從記到憶是有個過程的，這其中包括了識記、保持、再認和回憶。有很多 人在學習英語的過程中，只注重了學習當時的記憶效果，孰不知，要想做好