高中英語Module4SandstormsinAsiaSectionⅢGrammar動詞不定式和but+不定式教學(xué)案外研版.docx

Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia Section Grammar 動詞不定式和but不定式語法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)Experts hope to learn more about the movement of thunderstorms. There was nothing to be done.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out.It is difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. My job is to teach. I can do nothing but wait at home. She has no choice but to give in.我的發(fā)現(xiàn)(1)句中，不定式在句中分別充當(dāng)賓語、定語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語、狀語和表語。句中，it為形式賓語；句中，it為形式主語。(2)由句可知，不定式的否定式為not_to_do。由句可知，不定式的被動式為to_be_done。(3)由句可知，不定式在介詞but后面時，如果but之前有行為動詞do的各種形式，則介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則帶to。一、動詞不定式(一)動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)語態(tài)時態(tài)主動被動一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done1不定式的一般式：表示不定式的動作與謂語動詞同時(幾乎同時)發(fā)生或在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生。I hope to see you next week.我希望下周能見到你。Id like to be told whats going on.我希望被告知正在發(fā)生什么。2不定式的進(jìn)行式：表示不定式的動作正在進(jìn)行且與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。I happened to be watching TV when she called.她打電話來時，我恰巧正在看電視。3不定式的完成式：表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。They seem to have cleaned the house.他們似乎已經(jīng)打掃過這個房子了。The factory is reported to have been burnt down.據(jù)報道這家工廠已經(jīng)被燒毀了。即時演練1用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空He pretended to_have_fallen (fall) asleep when little Tom came to him. The student seems to_have_caught (catch) a cold because of the bad weather. He seems to_be_thinking (think) about the question right now.The question to_be_discussed (discuss) tomorrow is about the pollution.(二)動詞不定式的語法功能1作主語 To master a foreign language is necessary. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 掌握一門外語很有必要。名師點(diǎn)津當(dāng)動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，將不定式后置。2作表語 (1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作，特別是表示將來的動作。(2)如果主語是不定式(表示條件)，表語也是不定式(表示結(jié)果)。(3)如果主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等為中心的名詞，或是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語對主語起補(bǔ)充說明作用。My job is to drive them to the company every day. 我的工作就是每天開車送他們?nèi)ス?。To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。即時演練2(1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 To_get (get) to Guiyang by bus will take us four hours from Fenggang. Dannys homework is to_write (write) a poem. (2)翻譯句子 晚起不是好習(xí)慣。To_get_up_late_is_not_a_good_habit._It_is_not_a_good_habit_to_get_up_late._要成為醫(yī)生很難。It_is_hard_to_be_a_doctor._我的愿望是去太空。My_wish_is_to_go_to_space._3作賓語 She promised to give him a chance. 她許諾給他一次機(jī)會。巧學(xué)助記用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞：三個希望兩答應(yīng)：hope， wish， want， agree， promise兩個要求莫拒絕：demand， ask， refuse設(shè)法學(xué)會做決定：manage， learn， decide不要假裝在選擇：pretend， choose打算提出倆計劃：intend， offer， plan， mean申請失敗負(fù)擔(dān)起：apply， fail， afford準(zhǔn)備愿望又碰巧：prepare， desire， happen即時演練3用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空I had hoped to_send (send) him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage, but I didnt manage it. When his mother came in, the boy pretended to_be_reading (read). Having failed in the driving test twice, he decided not_to_take (not take) it again. If you want to_go (go) with us, you should be ready by eight oclock.4作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語，常用于下列動詞后：ask, cause, call, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell等。The teacher advised us to have a rest first.老師建議我們先休息。名師點(diǎn)津(1)在“五看(see, watch, observe, notice, look at)三使(make, let, have)兩聽(hear, listen to)一感(feel)”等動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式不帶to，但當(dāng)以上動詞用于被動語態(tài)時需要帶to。(2)help后跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，不定式可帶to也可不帶to，即help sb. (to) do sth.。The boss made his men work all the night.老板讓他的工人整夜工作。5作定語(1)不定式作定語，置于被修飾詞之后，常表示未發(fā)生的動作。The car to be bought is for his sister.要買的這輛車是給他姐姐的。(2)作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面需有相應(yīng)的介詞。The Greens have a comfortable house to live in.格林一家有一幢舒適的房子可以居住。(3)用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no, all, any等限定的中心詞，且與中心詞之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一個在奧運(yùn)會上獲得金牌的女性。(4)有些名詞的同根詞跟不定式，因而它們也常跟不定式作定語，常見的有：promise, plan, offer, decision, ability, warning等。She said she had no plans to go there.她說她沒有去那里的打算。即時演練4(1)單句語法填空 The teacher asked us to_finish (finish) our homework. I felt someone open (open) my door. He was the first one to_think (think) of the idea. The manager is the last to_come (come) to the meeting. (2)完成句子 Please listen to me sing_the_song_again. 請聽我把這首歌再唱一遍。You cant let the child stand_in_the_sun. 你不能讓那孩子站在太陽底下。We need someone to_help_with_the_work. 我們需要有人來幫忙干這工作。I am looking for a room to_live_in.我正在找一間屋子住。 6作狀語(1)不定式作狀語表示目的、原因和結(jié)果。表原因、結(jié)果時一般不置于句首。She reads ChinaDaily every day to improve her English.為了提高英語，她每天讀中國日報。Im glad to meet you. 很高興見到你。(2)不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示意外的結(jié)果，常在不定式前面加上only。I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.我匆匆趕到車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。(3)“形容詞/副詞enough不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式也表示結(jié)果。The boy is old enough to go to school.那個小男孩足夠大，可以上學(xué)了。(4)“too . to .”結(jié)構(gòu)常表示“太而不能”，但too之前如果有only，則不定式表肯定。因?yàn)閛nly too表示“非常，很”。He is too weak to do the work.他身體太弱了不能做這項(xiàng)工作。(5)too后如果是happy, glad之類的形容詞時，不定式也表示肯定意義。She was too happy to meet her friend in the street.在街上見到她的好朋友她很高興。即時演練5(1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (2016北京高考改編)To_make (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.David jumped high enough to_get (get) the first at the beginning of the sports. Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not_to_lose (not lose) his job. He is too eager to_see (see) you at once. (2)完成句子She is proud to_have_taken_part_in the competition. 她對于參加了比賽感到很自豪。Sometimes, I was too weak_to_go_to_school so my education suffered. 有時候我身體太虛弱了而不能上學(xué)，因此我的功課變差了。(三)動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式的邏輯主語往往是泛指的，或根據(jù)上下文來表明。但在某些情況下，不定式的邏輯主語需要明確表示，這時可用介詞for或of引出邏輯主語，構(gòu)成for sb. to do和of sb. to do結(jié)構(gòu)，這就是動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語或狀語等。(1)It is adj. of sb. to do sth. (adj.用來說明主語的特征)(2)It is adj. for sb. to do sth. (adj.用來說明句中動詞的特征)It is foolish of you to say such words.Its easy for you to learn English well.其中，可轉(zhuǎn)化為：Youre foolish to say such words.但卻不能這樣轉(zhuǎn)化。(四)疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞who, what, which, when, where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語。在句中可用作主語、表語或賓語。When to start has not been decided. 何時動身尚未決定。(主語) The difficulty was how to cross the river. 困難在于如何過河。(表語) I can tell you where to get this book. 我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。(賓語) 名師點(diǎn)津“疑問詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”不適用why，常用why do sth.。Why not turn to him for help? 為什么不求助于他呢？即時演練6完成句子 It is dangerous for_children_to_swim in that river. 小孩在那條河里游泳是危險的。Its very kind of_you_to_help_me. 你幫助我真是太好了。I havent decided what_to_write_about. 我還沒有決定寫什么。Can you tell me how_to_get_to_the_station?你可以告訴我怎么去車站嗎？二、but動詞不定式1用于cant but, cant help but, cant choose but等短語后，意為“不得不，只能”，不定式不帶to。We cant but face the reality.我們只能面對現(xiàn)實(shí)。When a close friend dies, you cant choose but feel sad.當(dāng)好朋友去世時，你怎能不感到悲傷。Even till today, whenever I think of the “ice cream” story, I still cant help but laugh at myself.直到今天，每當(dāng)我想起我那個“冰淇淋”的故事，我就會情不自禁地笑起自己來。2當(dāng)but(表示“除之外”)前有實(shí)義動詞do的某種形式時，其后的不定式通常不帶to。其他情況不定式通常都要帶to。I have no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受這一事實(shí)，我別無選擇。There was nothing to do but send for a doctor.除了派人去請醫(yī)生，沒有什么可以做的。即時演練7用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空I cannot but admire (admire) your decision. He has nothing to do but watch (watch) TV at home. When the streets are full of melting snow, you cant help but get (get) your shoes wet. .用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1(2015北京高考改編)_To_catch (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.2(2015福建高考改編)To_learn (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.3(2015湖南高考改編)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to_talk (talk) over what is bothering them.4(2015陜西高考改編)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on to_thank (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.5There is something wrong with the computer. I dont know what to_do (do) with it.6The bad weather is reported to_have_contributed (contribute) to the passenger plane crash.7Even though we have made much progress in preventing pollution, yet much remains to_be_done (do)8There were many talented actors out there just waiting to_be_discovered (discover)9When you get into trouble, dont hesitate to_ask (ask) me for help.10I would love to_have_gone (go) to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.單句寫作1. (2015全國卷書面表達(dá)) Id like to_ask_you_to_write_an_article for our schools English newspaper. 我想讓你為我們學(xué)校的英文報紙寫一篇文章。2(2015北京高考書面表達(dá)) I intend_to_join a Dragon Boat Training Camp. 我打算參加一個龍舟訓(xùn)練營。3(2015四川高考書面表達(dá)) As for speaking Mandarin, its better to_pay_much_attention_to_the_pronunciation. 至于講普通話，最好多注意發(fā)音。4(2015天津高考書面表達(dá)) To_help_the_students_to_learn_Chinese_better,_our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class. 為了幫助學(xué)生學(xué)好語文，我們學(xué)校已決定為你們的漢語班捐贈一些圖書。5He is said to have_studied_abroad for 3 months, but I dont know which country he was in. 據(jù)說他在國外學(xué)