高考英語閱讀理解全程沖刺訓(xùn)練（8）(1).doc

2014高考英語閱讀理解全程沖刺訓(xùn)練（8）及答案閱讀理解請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的a、b、c、d四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ausually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. but there is one question that has millions of current answers. that question is “whats your name?” everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.have you ever wondered about peoples names? where do they come from? what do they mean?peoples first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. some parents choose the name of a well-known person. a boy could be named george washington smith; a girl could be named helen keller jones.some people give their children names that mean good things. clara means “bright”; beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; donald means “world ruler”; leonard means “as brave as a lion”.the earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. a family with the name brook or brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；someone who was called longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. the greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.other early surnames came from peoples occupations. the most common occupational name is smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. in the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. some other occupational names are: carter a person who owned or drove a cart; potter a person who made pots and pans.the ancestors of the baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. the carpenters great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. when there were two men who were named john in the same village, the john with the gray hair probably became john gray. or the john was very tall could call himself john tallman. john fish was probably an excellent swimmer and john lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. english-speaking people added s or son. the johnsons are descendants of john; the roberts familys ancestor was robert. irish and scottish people added mac or mc or o. perhaps all of the macdonnells and the macdonnells and the odonnells are descendants of the same donnell.( ) 1. which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage not cover?a. places where people lived. b. peoples characters.c. talents that people possessed. d. peoples occupations.選b，根據(jù)文中4,5,6三段可知只有b選項(xiàng)未提及( ) 2. according to the passage, the ancestors of the potter family most probably _.a. owned or drove a cart b. made things with metalsc. made kitchen tools or contains d. built houses and furniture選c文中第六段potter-a person who made pots and pans,可知potter 意為一個(gè)制作茶壺和平底鍋的人，由此推斷選c( ) 3. suppose and english couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _.a. beatrice smith b. leonard carterc. george longstreet d. donald greenwood選d根據(jù)文中倒數(shù)第2段可知一些人取名是根據(jù)特征而來。比如灰色頭發(fā)的人取名john gray，高個(gè)的人取名john tallman.所以根據(jù)題意，居住在森林旁邊的人取名為donald greenw( ) 4. the underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a persons _a. later generations b. friends and relativesc. colleagues and partners d. later sponsors選a 根據(jù)最后一段第一二行“some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. the johnsons are descendants of john可知descendants指的是后代。閱讀理解課堂練學(xué)案（1）passage one（the only way to travel is on foot）the past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. descriptions like palaeolithic man, neolithic man, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. when the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label legless man. histories of the time will go something like this: in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. there were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. this situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. but the surprising thing is that they didnt use their legs even when they went on holiday. they built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. all the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. the future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. in our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. when you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? and as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. it is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: i joined the navy to see the world, and what did i see? i saw the sea. the typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ive been there. you mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like el dorado, kabul, irkutsk and someone is bound to say ive been there meaning, i drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. when you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. but actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. you want to move on again. by traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. the traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. for him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. he experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. at the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. he knows that sound. satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers. 1、anthorpologists label nowadays men legless because a people forget how to use his legs. b people prefer cars, buses and trains. c lifts and escalators prevent people from walking. d there are a lot of transportation devices.2、travelling at high speed means a peoples focus on the future. b a pleasure. c satisfying drivers great thrill. d a necessity of life.3、why does the author say we are deprived of the use of our eyes ? a people wont use their eyes. b in traveling at high speed, eyes become useless. c people cant see anything on his way of travel. d people want to sleep during travelling.4、what is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? a legs become weaker. b modern means of transportation make the world a small place. c there is no need to use eyes. d the best way to travel is on foot.5. what does a birds-eye view mean? a see view with birds eyes. b a bird looks at a beautiful view. c it is a general view from a high position looking down. d a scenic place.vocabularypalaeolithic 舊石器時(shí)代的neolithic 新石器時(shí)代的escalator 自動(dòng)電梯，自動(dòng)扶梯ski-lift 載送滑雪者上坡的裝置mar 損壞，毀壞blur 模糊不清，朦朧smear 涂，弄臟，弄模糊（尤指畫面、輪廓等）evocative 引起回憶的，喚起感情的el dorado (由當(dāng)時(shí)西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲)黃金國(guó)，寶山，富庶之鄉(xiāng)kabul 喀布爾（阿富汗首都）irkutsk 伊爾庫茨克（原蘇聯(lián)亞洲城市）難句譯注與答案詳解the only way to travel is on foot 旅游的唯一方法是走路難句譯注air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way.【參考譯文】飛機(jī)旅行，你只可俯視世界如果機(jī)翼碰巧擋住了你的視線，就看得更少了。when you travel by car or train a blurred image of the country-side constantly smears the windows.【參考譯文】如果乘車或火車旅行，郊外模糊朦朧的景象不斷地掠過窗口。寫作方法與文章大意文章以因果寫作方法，寫出了由于種種現(xiàn)代化交通設(shè)施、人們不需用腳走路，甚至也不需要用眼看景，出門就坐汽車、公交車、地鐵、飛機(jī)，車、機(jī)速度飛快，外邊的景物難以看清，最終導(dǎo)致人們忘記用腳、用眼成為“無腳之人”。一切都經(jīng)歷不到。作者建議最佳的旅游方法是徒步經(jīng)歷現(xiàn)實(shí)。答案詳解1.a 人們忘了用腳。答案在第一段：人類學(xué)家把以往年代的人們分別標(biāo)上舊石器時(shí)代、新石器時(shí)代人，等等。干脆利落地總結(jié)了一個(gè)時(shí)期。當(dāng)他們轉(zhuǎn)向20世紀(jì)，他們肯定會(huì)標(biāo)上“無腳的人”。因?yàn)樵?0世紀(jì)，人們忘了如何用腳走路。男人女人早年外出就坐車、公共汽車、火車。大樓里由電梯、自動(dòng)扶梯，不需要人們走路。即使度假期間，他們也不用腳。他們筑有纜車道、滑雪載車和路直通山頂。所有的風(fēng)景旅游區(qū)都有大型的汽車停車場(chǎng)。b 人們喜歡汽車、公交車、火車等。 c 電梯、自動(dòng)扶梯制止人們走路。 d 有許多交通運(yùn)輸工具。2.a 人們的注意力在未來。見最后一段第一句話：當(dāng)你高速旅行，現(xiàn)在等于零，你主要生活在未來，因?yàn)槟愦蟛糠謺r(shí)間盯在前面到達(dá)的某個(gè)地方。真到了，又沒有意義了，你還要再向前進(jìn)。b 是一種歡樂。 c 滿足司機(jī)強(qiáng)烈的渴望。第二段中提及死機(jī)醉心于開車、不停車但不是快速前進(jìn)著眼于未來。 d 生活的需要。這一條在第一段中提及這種情況是因?yàn)樗麄兡钱惓５纳罘椒◤?qiáng)加給時(shí)代的居民。這是指不用腳走路，而用一切代步器交通運(yùn)輸工具，不是開快車。3.c 人們?cè)诼眯型局惺裁炊家姴坏?。答案在第二段，由一地轉(zhuǎn)向另一地，路上你什么都沒有見到。乘飛機(jī)你只能俯視世界，火車，汽車，只見外界朦朧景象掠過窗子。海上旅游，只見到海。“我到過那里”此話含義就是“我以一小時(shí)一百英里在去某某地方時(shí)經(jīng)過那里”。正因?yàn)槿绱?，作者指出將來的歷史書上會(huì)記錄下：我們被剝奪了眼睛的應(yīng)用。a 人們不愿用眼睛。 b 在高速旅行中，眼睛沒有用了。 d 旅行中，人們想睡覺。4.d 旅行的最佳方式是走路。文章第一段、第二段分別講述了旅行可不用腳、不用眼等情況。第三段，在講述了人們只知向前向前，一切經(jīng)歷都停滯，現(xiàn)實(shí)不再是現(xiàn)實(shí)，還不如死的好。而用腳走路的旅行者總是生活再現(xiàn)實(shí)，對(duì)他來說旅行和到達(dá)是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，他用眼睛、耳朵，以至整個(gè)身體去體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻、旅行終點(diǎn)，他感到全身舒坦愉悅的疲勞，美美享受滿足的酣睡；一切真正旅行者的真實(shí)報(bào)償。這一段就是作者寫文章的目的走路是旅行的最佳方式。a 腳變得軟弱無力。 b 現(xiàn)代交通工具把世界變小。 c 沒有必要用眼睛。5.c 從高出向下看的景致：俯視。a 用鳥的眼睛看景點(diǎn)。 b 鳥在看美景。 d 風(fēng)景點(diǎn)。 閱讀理解-bit is reported that conservation groups in north america have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves. some groups believe wolves should be killed. other people believe wolves must be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderness (荒野) for killing wolves in alaska，the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago，because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. however1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their furso the wolf population has greatly increased. now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply a wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family. people in the wilderness also hunt deer for foodmany of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant lifewhen the deer cant find enough food，they die if the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer，their prey(獵物)will disappear some dayand the wolves willtooso we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecologyif we killed more wolves，we would save them and their prey from dying outwed also save some farm animals in another northern state，wolves attack cows and chickens for foodfarmers want the government to send biologists to study the problemthey believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small wolf population against killing wolves if you had lived long ago，you would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolfaccording to most stories，hungry wolves often kill people for foodeven today，the stories of the “big bad wolfwill not disappear but the fact is wolves are afraid of peopleand they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smellwhen wolves eat other animals，they usually kill the very youngor the sick and injured .the strongest survive .no kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had livedand has always been a law of nature. although some people say it is good sense to kill wolves，we say it is nonsense! researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balancethe wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large, and that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life the real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used by peopleeven if wilderness land is not used directly for human needsthe wolves cant always find enough food .so they travel to the nearest source, which is often a farmthen there is dangerthe “big bad wolf” has arrived! and everyone knows what happens next( ) 1. according to the passage，some people in north america favor killing wo