同位語(yǔ)從句重難點(diǎn)解析及習(xí)題.doc

同位語(yǔ)從句重難點(diǎn)解析（含習(xí)題）一、 同位語(yǔ)從句概述 同位語(yǔ)從句是用以解釋說(shuō)明某一名詞內(nèi)容的從句，常見的可以被同位語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞有：belief,chance,doubt,hope,idea,news,opinion,thought,promise等。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞有連詞that,whether和副詞how,when,where等。二、 同位語(yǔ)從句點(diǎn)撥（1） 同位語(yǔ)從句是意義完整的陳述句時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)。注：that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，通常不省略。如：I got the news that he would come to see me the next week.（2） 同位語(yǔ)從句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選用who,when ,where,how,whether(不能用if)等詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如：The question who is the best for the job requires consideration.（3） 分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句：當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)較短，而同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，為了使句子保持平衡，常把同位語(yǔ)從句后置。如：An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring.（4） 后面常跟同位語(yǔ)的詞有：doubt,fact,hope,idea,message,news,possibility,promise,question,suggestion,truth,thought,warning,wish等。注：advice,order,suggestion等詞表示建議、命令的詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用(should) +動(dòng)詞原形。如：He made the suggestion that the meeting(should) be put off.三、 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別（1） 所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不同：同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句一般是放在某一名詞后面，但同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)該名詞的解釋和說(shuō)明，而定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)該名詞的修飾，說(shuō)明它的性質(zhì)特征。如：The fact that he presented was a strong proof. 他所提供的事實(shí)是一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)。（定語(yǔ)從句） The fact that she hadnt said anything surprised us all. 她一言不發(fā)的事實(shí)讓我們每一個(gè)人都很驚訝。（同位語(yǔ)從句） （2） 在句中所起的語(yǔ)法作用不同：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，它的作用是連接主句和從句，并代表先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，而且that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，指物時(shí)，可以用which代替。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that是連詞，只起連接主句和從句的作用，它不充當(dāng)任何成分，不能省略，也不可被which代替。 如: We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year. 我們表達(dá)了希望史密斯夫婦第二年到中國(guó)來(lái)訪的愿望。（同位語(yǔ)從句） The news(that/which)we heard spread all over the city. 我們所聽到的消息傳遍了整個(gè)城市。（定語(yǔ)從句）（3） 所修飾的詞不盡相同：同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞數(shù)量有限，往往是含有某種信息的詞，如：message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,questtion,order,belief,doubt,fear,truth,throught等，而定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞無(wú)此限制。 （4） wh-引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有其本身的疑問(wèn)含義；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)則沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)的意思。如；I have no idea where the meeting will be held.（同位語(yǔ)從句）He is the only one of these boys who can speak Franch.（定語(yǔ)從句）四、 相關(guān)練習(xí)(1)There is no obvious evidence_there is life on any other planet in the solar system.A.which B.that C.how D.where解析：選B沒(méi)有確鑿的證據(jù)證明太陽(yáng)系的其他行星上有生命。Evidence后的同位語(yǔ)從句不缺少任何成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。(2)My friend showed me round the town,_was very kind of him.A.which B.that C.where D.it解析：選A 我的朋友領(lǐng)我參觀了這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)，他真好。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)，所以用which引導(dǎo)，先行詞是前面的整個(gè)句子。That不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句在從句中作狀語(yǔ)；it不能引導(dǎo)從句。(3)Many children,_parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom解析： 選B許多孩子的父母遠(yuǎn)在大城市打工，這些孩子在鄉(xiāng)村都得到了很好的照顧。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，逗號(hào)后面是定語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)parents前缺少定語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)。Their和of them 不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；with whom 不能作定語(yǔ)。(4)Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C.which D.where(5)Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriage-almost entirely up to luck.A.as B.that C.which D.what解析： 選D 許多西方年輕人可能會(huì)把自己一生最重要的決定-婚姻，幾乎完全寄托于運(yùn)氣。Leave在此是及物動(dòng)詞，表示“把留給某人決定”，所選項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)其賓語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以選連接代詞what。As不引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句不作成分；which表示選擇意義，意為“哪一個(gè)”。Practice1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D.why 3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./D.it 5.I have no idea _ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best t