初中英語動(dòng)詞不定式講解試題和答案_免費(fèi)下載.doc

初中英語動(dòng)詞不定式講解試題和答案一、作主語，可以用it代替，it叫形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式放在后面叫真正主語1To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.2. Its dangerous to drive very fast.二、作表語My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是馬上給他打電話。三、?？山觿?dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：agree, decide, need, mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失敗), want(想要), begin(開始), would like(想要)等。He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已決心去鄉(xiāng)下。四、“疑問詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以作動(dòng)詞know、think、find out等的賓語。I dont know who to ask. 我真不知道該問誰。五、“疑問詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式”可以作動(dòng)詞show、teach、ask等后面的直接賓語。She told me where to find the earphone. 她告訴我什么地方可以找到耳機(jī)。六、如果賓語太長，可用it作形式賓語，構(gòu)成“主語 + 謂語 + it + 賓語不足語(名詞或形容詞) + to do sth”結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語動(dòng)詞常為find、think、feel等。I found it difficult to stop him. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)攔截他很困難。七、動(dòng)詞不定式可以作介詞的賓語。Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即將開始。Im worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步該怎么辦。八、作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。I have a lot of books to read. 我有許多書要讀。此時(shí)，如果動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞絕對不能省略。We had only a cold room to live in. 我們只有寒室一間。九、作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾詞有主謂關(guān)系。He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他總是第一個(gè)到，最后一個(gè)走。十、作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾詞之間只有修飾關(guān)系。We have no time to go to town today. 今天我們沒有時(shí)間去城里。十一、作狀語的動(dòng)詞不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、結(jié)果等。Im glad to meet you. 見到你，我很高興。They ran over to welcome the foreign guests. 他們跑過來歡迎外賓。十二、不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“for sb to do sth”可用作主語、表語、定語、狀語等。Its for her to decide. 這得由她來決定。（表語）There are many books for you to read. 這有許多書供你閱讀。（定語）The book ids too difficult for children to read. 這本書太難了，孩子們看不懂。（結(jié)果狀語）不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，需注意：Its + 形容詞 + for / of + sb + to do sth.當(dāng)上面的形容詞指的是to do sth的性質(zhì)時(shí)，用介詞for。Its dangerous for children to swim in the river. 孩子在這條河里游泳很危險(xiǎn)。（游泳這件事情危險(xiǎn)）當(dāng)上面的形容詞指的是sb的性質(zhì)時(shí)，用介詞of。這些形容詞往往修飾人：good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, carelessIt was careless of you to do that. 你這么做真粗心。（你這個(gè)人粗心）十三、動(dòng)詞hear, see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to等后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)不能帶to, 即常見的形式為: hear sb do sth等Many people like to watch others play games. 許多人喜歡看別人玩游戲.十四、let, make, have后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 也不能帶to; help后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語, to可有可無She let us meet her at the station, but she didnt come. 她讓我們?nèi)ボ囌居铀?卡她沒有來.十五、十三和十四這兩種情況下的動(dòng)詞不定式在改被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子時(shí),必須將省略的to還原,也就是說,動(dòng)詞后需跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式.We heard him sing every day.He was heard to sing every day. 那時(shí)每天都聽到他唱歌.十六、跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞還有: ask, beg, leave, like, love, hate, prefer, order, teach, tell, believe, find, know, want, think, understand, would like等形式為: ask sb to do sthWould you like me to visit him? 要不要我拜訪他?I would prefer you not to come tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天不要來.He ask the driver to stop the motobike. 他要那位司機(jī)攔下那輛摩托車.十七、區(qū)別下列詞組的不同含義:like to do sthlike doing sthstop to do sthstop doing sthremember to do sthremember doing sthforget to do sthforget doing sth十八、It takes sb some time to do sth.花費(fèi)某人一段時(shí)間干某事.It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.昨天我花了半小時(shí)做回家作業(yè).It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.吉姆花了一個(gè)半小時(shí)看這本書.It took mother one and a half hours to do the housework.母親花了一個(gè)半小時(shí)干家務(wù).用漢字表述上面的句型為:It + take + 人 + 一段時(shí)間 + to do sth.一段時(shí)間形式往往為像這樣的例子:fifteen minutes15分鐘,an hour一個(gè)小時(shí), two days兩天, half a month半個(gè)月,a year and a half一年半.等等十九、不定式的特殊句型toototooto 太以至于He is too excited to speak.他太激動(dòng)了，說不出話來。 - Can I help you ? 需要我?guī)兔? - Well, Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定， too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意 為不太。 Its never too late to mend.(諺語)改過不嫌晚。當(dāng)too 前面有only, all, but時(shí)，意思是：非常 等于very。 Im only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高興能幫助你。 He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。二十、不定式的特殊句型Why not Why not +動(dòng)詞原形表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為：為什么不? 干嗎不?例如：Why not take a holiday?干嗎不去度假?動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中何時(shí)使用介詞of而非for在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，我們有時(shí)候會遇到這樣一種結(jié)構(gòu)，即“it is +形容詞+ for / of +名詞或物主代詞+ to do”，這里的介詞有時(shí)用for，而有時(shí)是of。該如何區(qū)分呢，下面談?wù)劚救说囊恍┐譁\看法。讓我們先看看人教版高中英語3 Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note一文中的2個(gè)句子。 Well, thats very kind of you. Oh, its for us to thank you.其實(shí)，上述2句均為動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，只是前1句省略了后面的不定式，如果補(bǔ)齊的話，應(yīng)該是：Well, thats very kind of you (to say so/ do so/ to have dinner here and so on)。我們知道，動(dòng)詞不定式（to do）結(jié)構(gòu)可以作句子的主語，如To learn a foreign language is useful。這里的to learn a foreign language是動(dòng)詞不定式，在句子中作主語。我們看到，主語顯得太長，而謂語很短，為了避免頭重腳輕，一般會用it作形式主語，后面以不定式作實(shí)際主語。如上句可改寫為： It is useful to learn a foreign language。有時(shí)候，為了指明不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語，即動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，我們常常用介詞for或of引導(dǎo)出邏輯主語，這樣就出現(xiàn)了不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其一般形式為：it is + 形容詞 + for / of +名詞或物主代詞 + to do請看下面3個(gè)句子，了解為什么會出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：To move this heavy box is difficult.It is difficult to move this heavy box.It is difficult for the boy /for me to move this heavy box.不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)邏輯主語的介詞，一般情況下使用介詞for，但有時(shí)候則用of。根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的解釋，“of表示人的內(nèi)在特征、性格等，與某個(gè)具體的人有關(guān)，如nice, foolish, honest等，而當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)某事怎樣時(shí)，常用for,如important, necessary等”。在牛津?qū)嵱糜⒄Z語法（外研社1986年3月版）（pp363-364）中，第249節(jié)講述了在何種情況下使用介詞of。書中雖然沒有給出描述性的定義，但列舉了在哪些形容詞后使用of。這類形容詞有“wise, kind, good, nice, honest, generous, cowardly, selfish, silly, wicked等”，如：It is good of you to help me.你真好，這樣幫助我。It is stupid of him to smoke so much.他真愚蠢，抽那么多煙。It was careless of me to lose my umbrella.我太粗心了，丟了雨傘。It was clever of him to find his way here.他真聰明，居然找到了來這里的路。It was brave of the policemen to tackle the armed men.這些警察真勇敢，抓住了那些手持武器的歹徒。動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中何時(shí)使用介詞of，我們可以考慮上述網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的描述性定義，即“of表示人的內(nèi)在特征、性格等，與某個(gè)具體的人有關(guān)”；結(jié)合考慮語法書上列舉的那些形容詞，即“在形容詞wise, kind, good, nice, honest, generous, cowardly, selfish, silly, wicked等之后使用”來決定，也就是，在上述形容詞之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)人的特征、性格，則使用介詞of，而在強(qiáng)調(diào)某事如何如何時(shí)，則用for。需要指出的是，英語中不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯主語引導(dǎo)詞多數(shù)情況下使用for，而我們看到最多的使用of的情況應(yīng)該是這樣的一個(gè)句子：it is very kind of you。 練習(xí) 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的動(dòng)詞,用適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?空內(nèi)可能不只填一個(gè)詞,使句子完整意思正確1. They usually _ kites on Sundays. (fly)2. Look! The dogs _ after the cat. (run)3. Miss Gao _ English in our school since she came here. (teach)4. The class meeting _ last Wednesday afternoon. (hold)5. You should let him _ the work by himself. (finish)6. Meimei _ to wash the old womans clothes twice every week. (go)7