高中英語(yǔ)易混詞匯的辨別與測(cè)試.doc

高中英語(yǔ)冠詞的比較及練習(xí)一、a與one的對(duì)比1. 盡管a和one這兩個(gè)在意義上有些相似，但它們幾乎不能互換使用。2. 在連續(xù)記數(shù)時(shí)，習(xí)慣上，用one而不用a。3. 在名詞前使用one往往表示數(shù)量上的對(duì)比。4. 用在某些固定詞組中。e.g. all of a sudden（突然），as a matter of fact（事實(shí)上），in a hurry，in a word，do sb. a favour，pay a visit to，a hand of（少量的），a length of（一根、一段），a variety of（種種），a depth of（深度為），an article of（一件），a total of（總共），an average of（平均），one by one，one after another，one day二、不定冠詞的基本用法1. 具有泛指的概念，表示“一類”或“其中的一個(gè)”。2. 初次提到某人或某物。3. 速度、比率、價(jià)格等，其意義相等于one或every。4. 用在某些物質(zhì)名詞前，該物質(zhì)名詞便具體化了。a coffee, a heavy rain5. 用在某些抽象名詞前，該抽象名詞前便具體化了。He has a knowledge of chemistry. The get-together was a great success.6. 用在專有名詞前，表示類似的一個(gè)或某一個(gè)。He is a Kong Fansen. A Mrs Smith wishes to speak to you.7. 表示“同一個(gè)”的意思。The two boys are of an age.These umbrellas are of a (=the same) colour and size.8. 不定冠詞的特殊位置：how/so/as/too+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞so kind a man = such a kind man too difficult a book三、定冠詞的主要用法1. 表示特指和第二次提到的人或物。2. 表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。3. 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)前面。4. 用在江河湖海、山脈、群島、海峽、沙漠等地理名詞前。5. 用在形容詞或過(guò)去分詞前表示一類人。6. 用在表示國(guó)家和民族的形容詞前表示泛指該國(guó)的人民。7. 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前，表示該夫婦倆或全家人。8. 樂(lè)器、通訊設(shè)備前一定要加定冠詞。9. 用于某些縮略詞之前。 the PRC10. 用在表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前。11. 固定搭配。 in the morning on the other hand四、不用冠詞的幾種情況1. 季節(jié)、節(jié)日、星期、三餐等之前，一般不加冠詞。the Spring Festival （除外）2. 名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格等限定詞修飾時(shí)，一般不加冠詞。3. 專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加。4. 球類、棋類、學(xué)科等名稱前，一般不加冠詞。5. 稱呼、頭銜、職務(wù)等表示抽象性質(zhì)的名詞前，不加冠詞。6. 在與by連用交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。7. 在turn，go（變成、成為）變成后面的名詞做短語(yǔ)時(shí)，名詞前不加冠詞。但become后面的名詞前一定要加冠詞。8. 在一個(gè)以“普通名詞+as”所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，該普通名詞前不加冠詞。9. 泛指復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。10. 固定搭配。in debt，in good (bad) health，in good condition，in great demand，in great need of，in time of danger，in office（就職），in honour of，in trouble (difficulty)，in favour of，with anger，in general，in size，in character（在性格上），in sight，in (out of) order，on business，on holiday， on leave，on watch，on fire，heart and soul，knife and fork，at sea，husband and wife，brother and sister，from morning till night，on horseback五、特殊情況1. 部分詞組中有冠詞和沒(méi)有冠詞其含義不同。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，名詞前無(wú)冠詞，則表示抽象意義；名詞前有冠詞，則表示具體意義。out of problem（不成問(wèn)題），out of the problem（不可能），take place，take the place of，in hospital，in the hospital，at table，at the table，in front of，in the front of，three of us，the three of us，on earth，on the earth，of age（成年），of an age（同歲數(shù)），lose colour（臉色蒼白），lose the colour（褪色），2. 有些訴組中用定冠詞the還是不定冠詞a ，意義不同。 a number of the number of3. 注意當(dāng)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞被so、as、how、too等詞修飾時(shí)，冠詞的位置要放在形容詞后面。比較such。4. 注意習(xí)慣用法。在某些詞組、成語(yǔ)中，名詞前不用冠詞。六、表示類別的三種情況1. 定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（用特指的那一類事物代表一類事物）。2. 不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（用“任意一個(gè)”“某一個(gè)”所具有的特性、特征表示一類事物）。3. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，指“類別”。（考慮到同一類中的各個(gè)情況）。專題練習(xí)1. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. (2002全國(guó)高考題)A./; the B./; an C.an; an D.the; the2. Theres _ dictionary on _ desk by your side. (2003北京春季高考題)A.a; the B.a; a C.the; a D.the; the3. An accident happened at _ crossroads a few meters away from _ bank. (2003上海春季高考題)A.a; a B./; a C./; the D.the; /4.The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _ wool used.A.the; the B.the; / C./; the D./; /5.Mr.Li will give us _ talk._ talk will begin at 8:00.A.a; The B.the; A C./; / D.a; A6.The sun gives us _ heat and _ light.A.the; the B.a; a C.a; the D./; /7.What do you need in dinner? I need _.A.a knife and a fork B.a knife and fork C.the knife and fork D.the knife and the fork8._ Mrs.Smith is waiting for you in your office. A.The B.A C.One D./9.Shes on _ Peoples Daily. A.the B.an C.a D./10._ Einsteins could not pay for _ advanced education that young Albert needed.A.The; the B.A; a C.An; the D.The; an11.She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A.the; the B.the; a C.a; / D.a; the12.Where is Jack?I think he is still in _ bed，but he might be in _ bathroom.A./; / B.the; the C.the; / D./; the13.I dont like talking on _ telephone; I prefer writing _ letters.A.a; the B.a; / C.the; the D.the; /14.Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places.A.the; the B./; / C.the; / D./; the15.If you dont like the red coat，take the blue one.OK，but do you have _ size in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.A.a big B.a bigger C.the big D.the bigger16.I heard somebody playing _ piano in _ next room.A.a; a B.the; the C.a; the D.the; an17._ Pacific Ocean is _ largest of all.A.the; a B./; the C.the; the D.a; /18.Great changes have taken place in _ 1990s.A./ B.a C.the D.an19.Wouldnt it be _ wonderful world if all nations lived in _ peace with one another?A.a; / B.the; / C.a; the D.the; the20.Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876.A./ B.a C.the D.one21.In 1864，Lincoln was elected _ President of _ United States for the second time.A.the; the B.a; a C./; the D./; /22.John is _ university student. A./ B.any C.a D.an23.The table is made of _.A.a wood B.some wood C.the wood D.wood24.We are going to learn _ next week.A.Twelfth Lesson B.The Twelfth Lesson C.Twelve Lesson D.The Twelve Lesson25.Id like _ information about the management of your hotel，please.Well，you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful.A.some; a B.an; some C.some; some D.an; a26.Paper money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century.A.the; / B.the; the C./; the D./; /27.Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food.A.the; a B./; a C.the; the D./; the28.Alice is fond of playing _ piano while Henry is interested in listening to _ music.A./; the B./; / C.the; / D.the; the29.Oh，John._ you gave us!A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise30._ terrible weather weve been having these days!A.How a B.What a C.How D.What31.Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today.A.a; / B.the; an C.the; the D./; the32.Beyond _ stars，the astronaut saw nothing but _ space.A.the; / B./; the C./; / D.the; the33.Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.Is it _ black one? I think I saw it some where.A.a; the B.the; the C.a; a D.the; a34.After watching _ TV，she played _ violin for an hour.A./; / B.the; the C.the; / D./; the35.Are you sure to help me find _ bed for my new house?Sure，but not now. Im heading for _ bed and a good sleep.A.a; / B.a; a C.the; a D.the; /36.Charlie Chaplin was considered one of the greatest actors in _ history of _ cinema.A./; / B.a; the C.the; the D.the; a37.What about _ book?Its too difficult _ book.A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.the; a38.Towards _ evening _ cold rain began to fall.A.an; the B.the; a C.the; / D./; a39.She always plays _ football after _ school.A.a; the B.the; the C./; a D./; /40._ wheel is thought to be _ invention of _ first importance in human history.A.A; the; the B.The; an; the C.A; an; the D.A; an; /41.I felt someone patted me on _ shoulder.A.a B.the C.my D./42.So you are running _ restaurant?Yes，but I dont want to make it _ restaurant only for rich people.A.the; / B.the; the C.a; the D.a; a43.Xian was _ starting point of _ world famous“Silk Road”.A./;/ B.a; a C.the; / D.the; the44.It is ten oclock in the morning but he is still _.A.in the bed B.at the bed C.in bed D.on bed45.More than half of _ water used for drinking，washing and irrigating crops comes from under _ ground.A.the; / B./; the C./; / D.the; the46.At noon we reached _ small village _ east of _ Summer Palace.A.the; the; the B.a; /; the C.a; the; the D.a; /; /47.The child had only _ slight temperature，but the doctor regarded _ illness as serious enough for _ hospital treatment.A./; /; the B.a; /; / C.a; the; / D./; the; the48.I had _ lunch at a friends house yesterday._ food was good.A.the; / B./; / C.the; the D./; The49.What is Jack going to do with all his money?He says he has always dreamed of taking _ trip around _ world.A.a; the B.the; the C.a; / D.a; a50.Qingdao is _ most beautiful city in summer.A.the B./ C.a D.one51.Just now you said you always got to work on _ 8 oclock train. But would _ later train get you to work on time? A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.the; a52.The building was completed in _ September of 1956 not in _ October,1955.A./; the B.the; the C./;/ D.the; /53.I would like to have _ room，_ window of which opens to _ south.A.a; the; a B.a; the; the C.a; /; / D.a; the; /54.There is _ house in the picture.There is _ old woman near _ house.A.an; a; the B.a; an; the C.the; a; an D.a; the; an55._ Europe and _ America are separated by _ Atlantic Ocean.A./; /; the B.the; the; the C./; /; / D.the; the; /56.There is _“h” in the word“honest”. A.a B.the C./ D.an57._ terrible life people in the small island lived at that time!A.What B.How C.What a D.How a58.Father often says to me,“Be _ honest boy today and _ useful man tomorrow.”A.a; a B.an; an C.a; an D.an; a59.Things of _ kind come together; people of _ kind fall into _ same group.A.the; the; the B.a; a; the C.the; the; a D.a; the;