賓語從句用法詳解.doc

賓語從句用法詳解(例句豐富)一、賓語從句的引導詞賓語從句通常由連詞that和whether (if)、連接代詞或連接副詞以及關系代詞型what引導：1. that引導We believe that he is honest. 我們相信他是誠實的。The doctor insists that I give up smoking醫(yī)生堅持要我戒煙。I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建議我們明天走。I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建議我們第二天走。We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 從他的信里我們了解到他在西班牙。The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 賣方要求5日內付款。2. whether / if引導I dont know whether hell arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及時到。I didnt know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他們是否喜歡這個地方。Ill see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能勸他接受。I asked her whether she agreed. 我問她是否同意。He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他問她父母是否講西班牙語。I wonder if its large enough. 我不知道它是否夠大。She didnt say if he was still alive. 她沒說他是否還活著。3. 連接代詞引導I dont know who whom you mean. 我不知道你指誰。Please tell me which you like. 告訴我你喜歡哪一個。IIl do whatever I can do. 我將做我所能做的事。You can take whichever you like. 你愛拿哪個就拿哪個吧。Well do whatever we can to save him. 我們將盡我們所能來挽救他。Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪個座就坐哪個座位。Give it to whoever you like. 你把它愛給誰就給誰。You dont know what you are talking about. 你在說什么，你自己也不知道。Tomorrow at this time well know who is elected. 明天這時候我們就會知道誰當選了。4. 連接副詞引導He asked why he had to go alone. 他問他為什么必須一個人去。You dont know when you are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。I asked how he was getting on. 我問他情況怎樣。He knows where they live. 他知道他們住哪里。Have you found out how wide the ditch Was? 你了解到那條溝有多寬嗎?Id like to know when they will let him out. 我很想知道他們什么時候會放他出來。We didnt know why he had answered in that fashion. 我們不明白他為什么這樣回答。3. 關系代詞what引導She has got what she wanted. 她要的東西得到了。I want to tell you what I hear. 我想把聽到的情況告訴你。He could not express what he felt. 他無法表達內心的感受。They did what they could to console her. 他們盡量安慰她。They thought they could do what they liked with him. 他們以為他們可以對他為所欲為?！咀⒁狻坑袝r介詞后可接一個賓語從句(但介詞后通常不接that和if引導的賓語從句)：From what you say, he is right. 根據(jù)你所說的，他是對的。有極個別介詞(如but, except)可接that引導的賓語從句：She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她對他什么都不記得，只記得他的頭發(fā)是黑的。比較下面兩句用what引導的賓語從句，它們的意思不一樣：He began to think about what he should do. 他開始考慮應當怎樣做。二、賓語從句與形式賓語it當賓語從句后跟有賓語補足語時，通常在賓語從句處使用形式賓語it，而將真正的賓語從句移至句末：I think it best that you should stay here. 我認為你最好住這兒。He hasnt made it known when he is going to get married. 他還沒宣布他何時結婚。She found it difficult to answer the question. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)回答這個問題很困難。He feels it his duty to hetp others. 他認為幫助別人是他的責任。He thought it best to be on his guard. 他認為他最好還是要警惕。He made it a rule to speak in Parliament at least once every session. 他規(guī)定自己在議會每次開會時至少發(fā)一次言。I find it interesting talking go you. 我覺得同你談話很有意思。I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination. 我認為考試作弊是不對的。三、連詞that的省略問題引導賓語從句的連詞that 通?？梢允÷裕?She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她說過要來開會的。I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答應你我會去。I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我會成功。He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他們會給他簽證。He thought (that) they would give him 3 visa. 他本想他們會給他簽證。I expect (that) the plane will he diverted. 我料想飛機會改變航線。I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飛機會改變航線。Everybody knows (that) money doesnt grow on trees. 眾所周知，金錢是不會從樹上長出來的。I suggested (that) they should / shouldnt drive along the coast. 我建議他們沿著 / 不要沿著海岸開車?！咀ⅰ坑袝r為了強調，that引導的賓語從句可位于句首，此時that不可省略：That she is a good girl I know. 她是一個好姑娘，我是知道的。四、賓語從句與否定轉移當動詞think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一個表示否定意義的賓語從句時，其否定通常轉移到主語：I dont suppose that it is true. 我認為那不是真的。I dont imagine that he will come. 我想他不會來的。(from )I dont think we need waste much time on it. 我想我們不必在這上面花太多時間We didnt think wed be this late. 我們沒想到我們會到得這么晚。I dont suppose Ill trouble you again. 我想我不要再麻煩你了。 賓語從句講解及其練習題（附答案）12一，引導詞A,由that 引導的陳述句性的賓語從句，在很多動詞如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語中。例：I told him that he was wrong.l在think,believe, suppose, expect等動詞引起的賓語從句中，有時謂語盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。例：I dont think you are right. (我認為你做的不對)l在許多帶有復合賓語的句子中，that引導的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語。例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認為他向每一個人撒謊是錯誤的)B,由連詞if、 whether 引導的表示“是否”的賓語從句。Whether,if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.l在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。l賓語從句中有or not時不用if引導.例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.l和不定式連用作賓語時不用if引導.例：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.C,由wh-引導的賓語從句。連接代詞who,whom,whose, what, which,和連接副詞when, where, why, how 等連接的賓語從句，它們在句中即有連接從句的作用，又在句中充當句子的成分。例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定語)I dont know where he lives. (where 做地點狀語)二，賓語從句的語序，賓語從句從句的語序必須是陳述語序，既連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分例：I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.二，賓語從句的時態(tài)。賓語從句的時態(tài)受主句的限制，既：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實際情況而定。主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應的過去的時態(tài)。如果從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過去完成時態(tài)。例:1)She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She says that she has finished her homework already.She said that she had finished her homework already.4)She says that she can sing a song in English.She said that she could sing a song in English.l如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實時，這時賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.lCould you tell me是用來征詢對方的意見，語氣委婉，并不表示過去。例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?注意事項：u由陳述句變成賓語從句時，要注意人稱的變化。例：She said: “I have been to England before.”She said that she had been to England before.She asked me: “Do you like maths?”She asked me if I liked maths.u賓語從句與簡單句的交換。由連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句，如果賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個人時，可以用“疑問詞+不定式”做賓語的簡單句結構。例：I dont know what I should do next.I cont know what to do next.He didnt know where he would live.He didnt know where to live.DO SOME EXERCISES:1.Can you see_?A. what hes reading B. what is he readingC. what does he read D. he reads what2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個句子)Do you know_Jack _from Japan?3._What did your son say in the letter?_He told me that he_ the Disney would the next dayA.will visit B. has visitedC. is going to visit D. would visit4.He didnt know_A.whats the matter B.what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what the matter was5.Somebody called you just now,but I didnt know_A.who were they B. who they wereC. who was it D. who it was6.I want to know_A.what is his name B. whats his nameC. that his name is D. what his name is7.-Could you tell me _she is looking for?-Her cousin,susan.A.that B.whose C .who D.which8.-What are you searching the Internet for?-Im trying to find out_.A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLUB.How many persons have died in IraqC.How to protect our environmentD.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea9.Do you know_?(誰正在唱歌)10.Do you know_?(她正在和誰談話)11.Do you know_?(昨天發(fā)生了什么事)The keys: 1 A.2 if ,comes.3D. 4 C. 5 D. 6 D. 7 C. 8 B9 who is singing10 who she is talking with11 what happened yesterday1 賓語從句專項練習|英語語法( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are ( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may ( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 2 ( ) 1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that ( ) 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where ( ) 3 I hardly understand._ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who ( ) 4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be ( ) 5 I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when ( ) 6 Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B