賓語從句用法詳解.doc

賓語從句用法詳解(例句豐富)一、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句通常由連詞that和whether (if)、連接代詞或連接副詞以及關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo)：1. that引導(dǎo)We believe that he is honest. 我們相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。The doctor insists that I give up smoking醫(yī)生堅(jiān)持要我戒煙。I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建議我們明天走。I suggested that we should go the next day. 我建議我們第二天走。We learnt from his letter that he was in Spain. 從他的信里我們了解到他在西班牙。The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 賣方要求5日內(nèi)付款。2. whether / if引導(dǎo)I dont know whether hell arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及時(shí)到。I didnt know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他們是否喜歡這個(gè)地方。Ill see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我是否能勸他接受。I asked her whether she agreed. 我問她是否同意。He enquired if her parents spoke Spanish. 他問她父母是否講西班牙語。I wonder if its large enough. 我不知道它是否夠大。She didnt say if he was still alive. 她沒說他是否還活著。3. 連接代詞引導(dǎo)I dont know who whom you mean. 我不知道你指誰。Please tell me which you like. 告訴我你喜歡哪一個(gè)。IIl do whatever I can do. 我將做我所能做的事。You can take whichever you like. 你愛拿哪個(gè)就拿哪個(gè)吧。Well do whatever we can to save him. 我們將盡我們所能來挽救他。Take whichever seat you like. 你要坐哪個(gè)座就坐哪個(gè)座位。Give it to whoever you like. 你把它愛給誰就給誰。You dont know what you are talking about. 你在說什么，你自己也不知道。Tomorrow at this time well know who is elected. 明天這時(shí)候我們就會(huì)知道誰當(dāng)選了。4. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)He asked why he had to go alone. 他問他為什么必須一個(gè)人去。You dont know when you are lucky. 你身在福中不知福。I asked how he was getting on. 我問他情況怎樣。He knows where they live. 他知道他們住哪里。Have you found out how wide the ditch Was? 你了解到那條溝有多寬嗎?Id like to know when they will let him out. 我很想知道他們什么時(shí)候會(huì)放他出來。We didnt know why he had answered in that fashion. 我們不明白他為什么這樣回答。3. 關(guān)系代詞what引導(dǎo)She has got what she wanted. 她要的東西得到了。I want to tell you what I hear. 我想把聽到的情況告訴你。He could not express what he felt. 他無法表達(dá)內(nèi)心的感受。They did what they could to console her. 他們盡量安慰她。They thought they could do what they liked with him. 他們以為他們可以對(duì)他為所欲為。【注意】有時(shí)介詞后可接一個(gè)賓語從句(但介詞后通常不接that和if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)：From what you say, he is right. 根據(jù)你所說的，他是對(duì)的。有極個(gè)別介詞(如but, except)可接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她對(duì)他什么都不記得，只記得他的頭發(fā)是黑的。比較下面兩句用what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，它們的意思不一樣：He began to think about what he should do. 他開始考慮應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣做。二、賓語從句與形式賓語it當(dāng)賓語從句后跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，通常在賓語從句處使用形式賓語it，而將真正的賓語從句移至句末：I think it best that you should stay here. 我認(rèn)為你最好住這兒。He hasnt made it known when he is going to get married. 他還沒宣布他何時(shí)結(jié)婚。She found it difficult to answer the question. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)回答這個(gè)問題很困難。He feels it his duty to hetp others. 他認(rèn)為幫助別人是他的責(zé)任。He thought it best to be on his guard. 他認(rèn)為他最好還是要警惕。He made it a rule to speak in Parliament at least once every session. 他規(guī)定自己在議會(huì)每次開會(huì)時(shí)至少發(fā)一次言。I find it interesting talking go you. 我覺得同你談話很有意思。I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination. 我認(rèn)為考試作弊是不對(duì)的。三、連詞that的省略問題引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that 通?？梢允÷裕?She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她說過要來開會(huì)的。I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答應(yīng)你我會(huì)去。I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我會(huì)成功。He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他們會(huì)給他簽證。He thought (that) they would give him 3 visa. 他本想他們會(huì)給他簽證。I expect (that) the plane will he diverted. 我料想飛機(jī)會(huì)改變航線。I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飛機(jī)會(huì)改變航線。Everybody knows (that) money doesnt grow on trees. 眾所周知，金錢是不會(huì)從樹上長(zhǎng)出來的。I suggested (that) they should / shouldnt drive along the coast. 我建議他們沿著 / 不要沿著海岸開車?！咀ⅰ坑袝r(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可位于句首，此時(shí)that不可省略：That she is a good girl I know. 她是一個(gè)好姑娘，我是知道的。四、賓語從句與否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)動(dòng)詞think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一個(gè)表示否定意義的賓語從句時(shí)，其否定通常轉(zhuǎn)移到主語：I dont suppose that it is true. 我認(rèn)為那不是真的。I dont imagine that he will come. 我想他不會(huì)來的。(from )I dont think we need waste much time on it. 我想我們不必在這上面花太多時(shí)間We didnt think wed be this late. 我們沒想到我們會(huì)到得這么晚。I dont suppose Ill trouble you again. 我想我不要再麻煩你了。 賓語從句講解及其練習(xí)題（附答案）12一，引導(dǎo)詞A,由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動(dòng)詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語中。例：I told him that he was wrong.l在think,believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞引起的賓語從句中，有時(shí)謂語盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健＠篒 dont think you are right. (我認(rèn)為你做的不對(duì))l在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語。例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)人撒謊是錯(cuò)誤的)B,由連詞if、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示“是否”的賓語從句。Whether,if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.l在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo)例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。l賓語從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.l和不定式連用作賓語時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).例：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.C,由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。連接代詞who,whom,whose, what, which,和連接副詞when, where, why, how 等連接的賓語從句，它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定語)I dont know where he lives. (where 做地點(diǎn)狀語)二，賓語從句的語序，賓語從句從句的語序必須是陳述語序，既連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分例：I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.二，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，既：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)。如果從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。例:1)She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She says that she has finished her homework already.She said that she had finished her homework already.4)She says that she can sing a song in English.She said that she could sing a song in English.l如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.lCould you tell me是用來征詢對(duì)方的意見，語氣委婉，并不表示過去。例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?注意事項(xiàng)：u由陳述句變成賓語從句時(shí)，要注意人稱的變化。例：She said: “I have been to England before.”She said that she had been to England before.She asked me: “Do you like maths?”She asked me if I liked maths.u賓語從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換。由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如果賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用“疑問詞+不定式”做賓語的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。例：I dont know what I should do next.I cont know what to do next.He didnt know where he would live.He didnt know where to live.DO SOME EXERCISES:1.Can you see_?A. what hes reading B. what is he readingC. what does he read D. he reads what2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個(gè)句子)Do you know_Jack _from Japan?3._What did your son say in the letter?_He told me that he_ the Disney would the next dayA.will visit B. has visitedC. is going to visit D. would visit4.He didnt know_A.whats the matter B.what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what the matter was5.Somebody called you just now,but I didnt know_A.who were they B. who they wereC. who was it D. who it was6.I want to know_A.what is his name B. whats his nameC. that his name is D. what his name is7.-Could you tell me _she is looking for?-Her cousin,susan.A.that B.whose C .who D.which8.-What are you searching the Internet for?-Im trying to find out_.A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLUB.How many persons have died in IraqC.How to protect our environmentD.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea9.Do you know_?(誰正在唱歌)10.Do you know_?(她正在和誰談話)11.Do you know_?(昨天發(fā)生了什么事)The keys: 1 A.2 if ,comes.3D. 4 C. 5 D. 6 D. 7 C. 8 B9 who is singing10 who she is talking with11 what happened yesterday1 賓語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)|英語語法( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been ( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are ( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may ( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 2 ( ) 1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that ( ) 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where ( ) 3 I hardly understand._ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who ( ) 4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be ( ) 5 I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when ( ) 6 Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B