組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)_組培_英語詞匯表_雙語.doc

GlossaryEpithelial Tissue ,epii:lil tiju上皮組織covering epithelium被覆上皮simple squamous epithelium skweims單層扁平上皮endothelium ,endui:lim內(nèi)皮mesothelium ,mesui:lim間皮simple cuboidal epithelium kju:bidl單層立方上皮simple columnar epithelium klmn單層柱狀上皮pesudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium假復(fù)層纖毛柱狀上皮stratified squamous epithelium strtifaid復(fù)層扁平上皮transitional epithelium變移上皮cell coat細(xì)胞衣microvillus(microvilli) ,maikruvils微絨毛cilium(cilia) silim纖毛tight junction緊密連接intermediate junction中間連接desmosome dezmsum橋粒gap junction縫隙連接basement membrane基膜plasma membrane infolding plzm質(zhì)膜內(nèi)褶hemidesmosome半橋粒Connective Tissue結(jié)締組織connective tissue proper固有結(jié)締組織loose connective tissue疏松結(jié)締組織dense connective tissue致密結(jié)締組織reticular tissue ritikjul網(wǎng)狀組織adipose tissue dipus脂肪組織fibroblast faibrubl:st成纖維細(xì)胞macrophage mkrufeid巨噬細(xì)胞plasma cell漿細(xì)胞mast cell肥大細(xì)胞fat cell脂肪細(xì)胞ground substance基質(zhì)collagenous fiber kldns膠原纖維elastic fiber彈性纖維reticular fiber網(wǎng)狀纖維reticular cell網(wǎng)狀細(xì)胞cartilage k:tilid軟骨cartilage tissue軟骨組織hyaline cartilage hailain透明軟骨elastic cartilage彈性軟骨fibrous cartilage/fibrocartilage纖維軟骨chondrocyte kndrsait軟骨細(xì)胞isogenous group aisdins同源細(xì)胞群perichondrium ,perikndrim軟骨膜bone骨osseous tissue/bone tissue sis骨組織bone matrix骨質(zhì)osteoprogenitor cell骨祖細(xì)胞osteoblast stiublst成骨細(xì)胞osteocyte stisait骨細(xì)胞osteoclast stiuklst破骨細(xì)胞circumferential lamella lmel環(huán)骨板osteone骨單位Haversian system哈弗斯系統(tǒng)interstitial lamella間骨板periosteum ,peri,stim骨外膜endosteum endstim骨內(nèi)膜Blood 血液serum sirm 血清blood plasma 血漿Wrights stain 瑞氏染色hemocyte hi:msait 血細(xì)胞erythrocyte irirusait紅細(xì)胞hemoglobin(Hb) ,hi:mulubin, ,hem- 血紅蛋白reticulocyte ritikjulusait 網(wǎng)織紅細(xì)胞leukocyte lju:kusait白細(xì)胞granulocyte rnjulusait 有粒白細(xì)胞agranulocyte eirnjulusait無粒白細(xì)胞azurophilic granules grnju:ls嗜天青顆粒neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte) nju:trfil 中性粒細(xì)胞eosinophil ,i:sinfil,-fail, -fil 嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞basophil beisfil 嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞monocyte mnusait 單核細(xì)胞lymphocyte limfusait 淋巴細(xì)胞blood platelet pleitlit 血小板Muscle Tissue 肌組織muscle fiber 肌纖維sarcolemma ,s:kulem 肌膜sarcoplasm s:kplzm 肌漿sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌漿網(wǎng)skeletal muscle skelitl 骨骼肌epimysium ,epimisim 肌外膜perimysium ,perimiim, -zim肌束膜endomysium ,endmizim肌內(nèi)膜striated muscle straieitid橫紋肌myofilament ,maiufilmnt 肌絲isotropic band ,aisutrpik I帶anisotropic band n,aisutrpik A帶sarcomere s:kmi 肌節(jié)myofibril ,maiufaibril 肌原纖維transverse tubule (T tubule) 橫小管longitudinal tubule ,lnditju:dinl縱小管terminal cisternae t:minl sist:ni:終池triad traid, -d 三聯(lián)體cardiac muscle k:dik心肌intercalated disc 閏盤diad daid 二聯(lián)體smooth muscle 平滑肌Nervous Tissue 神經(jīng)組織nervous cell 神經(jīng)細(xì)胞neuroglial cell 神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞neuron njurn 神經(jīng)元soma sum 胞體neurite njurait 突起dendrite dendrait 樹突axon ksn 軸突Nissls body 尼氏體neurofibril ,njurufaibril 神經(jīng)原纖維neurofilament ,nurfilmnt 神經(jīng)絲microtubule ,maikrutju:bju:l 微管synapsesainps, 突觸axosomatic synapse 軸體突觸axodendrite synapse 軸樹突觸chemical synapse 化學(xué)性突觸presynaptic element ,pri:sinptik突觸前成分synaptic vesicle vesikl 突觸小泡synaptic cleft 突觸間隙postsynaptic element 突觸后成分glial cell lail 膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞astrocyte strsait 星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞oligodendrocyte liudendrsait 少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞microglia maikrlai 小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞ependymal cell epend,meri 室管膜細(xì)胞Schwanns cell 施萬細(xì)胞neurilemmal cell ,njurlmtik 神經(jīng)膜細(xì)胞satellite cell stlait 衛(wèi)星細(xì)胞nerve fiber 神經(jīng)纖維myelinated nerve fiber mailineitid, 有髓神經(jīng)纖維unmyelinated nerve fiber 無髓神經(jīng)纖維central axon ksn 軸索myelin sheath 髓鞘neurilemma 神經(jīng)膜Ranviers node 郎飛結(jié)internode intnud 結(jié)間體nerve 神經(jīng)epineurium ,epinjurim 神經(jīng)外膜perineurium ,pernju:rim 神經(jīng)束膜endoneurium ,pernju:rim 神經(jīng)內(nèi)膜sensory nerve ending 感覺神經(jīng)末梢free nerve ending 游離神經(jīng)末梢encapsulated nerve ending inkpsleitid 被囊神經(jīng)末梢tactiletktail corpuscle k:psl 觸覺小體lameller corpuscle k:psl 環(huán)層小體muscle spindle spindl 肌梭motor nerve ending 運動神經(jīng)末梢somatic sumtik motor nerve ending 軀體運動神經(jīng)末梢visceral visrl motor nerve ending 內(nèi)臟運動神經(jīng)末梢motor end plate 運動終板Circulatory System循環(huán)系統(tǒng)Cardiovascular system ,k:diuvskjul心血管系統(tǒng) heart心walls of heart心壁endocardium ,enduk:dim 心內(nèi)膜endothelium ,endui:lim內(nèi)皮subendothelial layer lei內(nèi)皮下層subendocardial layer心內(nèi)膜下層Purkinje fibers浦肯野纖維 myocardium ,maiuk:dim心肌膜epicardium ,epik:dim心外膜 artery :tri動脈medium-sized artery 中動脈muscular artery 肌性動脈tunica intima tju:nik intim內(nèi)膜 internal elastic membrane內(nèi)彈性膜 tunica media中膜 tunica adventitia ,dventii外膜external elastic membrane外彈性膜large artery大動脈elastic artery彈性動脈small artery小動脈arteriole :tiriu微動脈capillary kpilri, kpi-毛細(xì)血管continuous capillary連續(xù)性毛細(xì)血管fenestrated finestreitid capillary有孔毛細(xì)血管 discontinuous sinusoidal ,sinsidl capillary不連續(xù)毛細(xì)血管blood sinusoid血竇 vein vein靜脈lymphatic ,limftik system 淋巴系統(tǒng)lymphatic capillary毛細(xì)淋巴管 lymphatic vessel vesl淋巴管 lymphatic trunks淋巴干 lymphatic ducts淋巴導(dǎo)管Immune imju:n System免疫系統(tǒng)lymphoid limfid organ淋巴器官central lymphoid organ中樞淋巴器官peripheral prifrl lymphoid organ周圍淋巴器官lymphatic tissue淋巴組織diffuse lymphoid tissue彌散淋巴組織 lymphoid nodule ndju:l, -du:l淋巴小結(jié)immune cell 免疫細(xì)胞thymus aims胸腺capsule kpsju:l被膜interlobular septum小葉間隔thymocyte aimsait胸腺細(xì)胞epithelial reticular cell上皮網(wǎng)狀細(xì)胞thymic epithelial cell胸腺上皮細(xì)胞thymic corpuscle胸腺小體lymphoid node淋巴結(jié)trabecula小梁cortical sinus sains皮質(zhì)淋巴竇subcapsular sinus被膜下淋巴竇peritrabecular sinus小梁周竇superficial ,sju:pfil cortex k:teks淺層皮質(zhì)paracortex zone prk:teks 副皮質(zhì)區(qū)thymus dependent area胸腺依賴區(qū)medullary cord medlri髓索medullary sinus髓竇spleen脾white pulp plp白髓periarterial lymphatic sheath動脈周圍淋巴鞘central artery中央動脈splenic corpuscle k:psl脾小結(jié)red pulp紅髓splenic cord脾索splenic sinus脾竇marginal zone m:dinl邊緣區(qū) palatine pltain tonsil tnsil腭扁桃體mononuclear ,mnunju:kli phagocytic ,fsitik system單核吞噬細(xì)胞系統(tǒng)Digestive System消化系統(tǒng)digestive didestiv tract消化管mucosa mju:kus粘膜lamina propria固有層muscularis mucosa粘膜肌層submucosa粘膜下層muscularis肌層adventitia ,dventii外膜tongue t舌l(xiāng)ingual liwl papilla ppil舌乳頭filiform papilla絲狀乳頭fungiform filif:m papilla菌狀乳頭circumvallate ,s:kmvleit papilla輪廓乳頭esophagus i:sfs食管stomach胃fundic fndik gland胃底腺chief cell主細(xì)胞zymogen cell zaimudn胃酶細(xì)胞parietal cell praiitl壁細(xì)胞oxyntic ksintik cell泌酸細(xì)胞mucous mju:ks neck cell頸粘液細(xì)胞small intestine intestin小腸plicae plaik circularis環(huán)行皺襞absorptive bs:ptiv cell吸收細(xì)胞striated border紋狀緣goblet cell杯狀細(xì)胞endocrine cell endukrain,內(nèi)分泌細(xì)胞small intestinal gland小腸腺Paneth cell潘氏細(xì)胞undifferentiated cell未分化細(xì)胞intestinal vilus腸絨毛large intestine大腸digestive gland消化腺pancreas pnkris胰exocrine portion ekskrain外分泌部pancreas islet ailit胰島glucagon lu:kn胰高血糖素insulin insjulin胰島素somatostatin,sumtsttin,生長抑素liverliv肝hepatic hiptiklobule/liver lobule/lbju:l/肝小葉hepatic plate/liver plate肝板limiting plate界板hepatocyteheptsait,肝細(xì)胞Kupffer cell庫普弗細(xì)胞hepatic sinusoidsainsid肝血竇Disse space狄氏間隙perisinusoidal space竇周隙bile bailcanaliculus,knlikjuls膽小管portal canal area門管區(qū)interlobular vein小葉間靜脈interlobular artery小葉間動脈interlobular bile duct小葉間膽管Respiratory resprtri,System呼吸系統(tǒng)tracheatrki:, treiki氣管lungl肺conducting portion導(dǎo)氣部lobar bronchusbrks葉支氣管small bronchus小支氣管bronchiolebrkiul細(xì)支氣管terminal t:minlbronchiole終末細(xì)支氣管respiratoryresprtri, portion呼吸部respiratory bronchiole呼吸性細(xì)支氣管alveolar lvil duct肺泡管alveolar sac肺泡囊pulmonary, plmnri acinussins肺泡alveolar epithelium肺泡上皮type alveolar cell型肺泡細(xì)胞type alveolar cell型肺泡細(xì)胞surfactants:fktnt表面活性物質(zhì)alveolar septumseptm肺泡隔alveolar pore肺泡孔pulmonary macrophage肺巨噬細(xì)胞dust cell塵細(xì)胞blood-air barrier血氣屏障respiratory membrane呼吸膜Urinaryjurinri System 泌尿系統(tǒng)kidney kidni 腎renalri:nl cortexk:teks 腎皮質(zhì)renal medulla medl 腎髓質(zhì)cortical labyrinth lbrin 皮質(zhì)迷路medullary ray 髓放線uriniferous tubule 泌尿小管nephron nefrn 腎單位renal corpuscle 腎小體vascularvskjul pole 血管極urinary pole 尿極renal glomerulus lmerjuls 腎小球mesangium mesndim 血管系膜mesangial cell 系膜細(xì)胞mesangial matrixmeitriks 系膜基質(zhì)renal capsule kpsju:l 腎小囊parietal layer praiitl 壁層visceral layer visrl 臟層capsular space 腎小囊腔podocyte pdsait 足細(xì)胞slit membrane 裂孔膜filtrationfiltrein membrane 濾過膜filtration barrier 濾過屏障renal tubule 腎小管proximalprksiml tubule 近端小管thin segment semnt 細(xì)段distal tubule distl 遠(yuǎn)端小管pars convolute knv,lu:t 曲部pars recta rekt 直部proximal convoluted tubule 近曲小管brush border 刷狀緣lateral process 側(cè)突basal striation 基底縱紋distal convoluted tubule 遠(yuǎn)曲小管collection tubule 集合管juxtaglomerular ,dkstlmerjul complex 球旁復(fù)合體juxtaglomerular apparatus ,preits 腎小球旁器juxtaglomerular cell 球旁細(xì)胞renin ri:nin, re- 腎素macula mkjul densa 致密斑extraglomerular mesangial cell 球外系膜細(xì)胞Skin 皮膚epidermis,epid:mis表皮dermisd:mis真皮stratumstreitm, basale基底層stratum spinosum棘層stratum granulosum顆粒層stratum lucidum透明層stratum corneumk:nim角質(zhì)層melanocytemelnusait黑素細(xì)胞Langerhans cell朗格漢斯細(xì)胞papillaryppilri layer乳頭層reticular layer網(wǎng)織層hypodermis,haipud:mis皮下組織Eye 眼eyeball 眼球fibrous tunic tju:nik 纖維膜vascular tunic vskjul 血管膜retina retin 視網(wǎng)膜cornea k:ni 角膜corneal epithelium 角膜上皮anterior limiting lamina 前界層corneal stroma strum 角膜基質(zhì)posterior limiting lamina 后界層corneal endothelium 角膜內(nèi)皮layers of retina 視網(wǎng)膜的分層pigment pimnt epithelium layer 色素上皮層layer of rods and cones 視桿視錐層layer of bipolar baipul cell 雙極細(xì)胞層layer of ganglion cell lin 節(jié)細(xì)胞層pigment epithelial cell 色素上皮細(xì)胞visual cell vizjul 視細(xì)胞photoreceptor cell ,futurisept 感光細(xì)胞rod cell 視桿細(xì)胞cone cell kun 視錐細(xì)胞bipolar cell baipul 雙極細(xì)胞ganglion cell 節(jié)細(xì)胞Endocrine System endukrain, -krin內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)endocrine gland內(nèi)分泌腺nitrogen- naitrdn containine hormone h:mun cell含氮激素細(xì)胞steroid secretory sikri:tri cell類固醇分泌細(xì)胞thyroid gland airid甲狀腺thyroid hormone甲狀腺激素follicular flikjul epithelial cell濾泡上皮細(xì)胞thyroglobulin ,airulbjuli iodination ,aiudinein碘化的甲狀腺球蛋白colloid klid膠體thyroxine airksi:n, -sin甲狀腺素triiodothyronine(T3)三碘甲狀腺原氨酸t(yī)etraiodothyronine(T4)四碘甲狀腺原氨酸parafollicular cell濾泡旁細(xì)胞calcitonin ,klsitunin降鈣素parathyroid ,prairid甲狀旁腺chief cell主細(xì)胞parathyroid hormone甲狀旁腺激素oxyphil cell嗜酸性細(xì)胞adrenal dri:nl gland腎上腺 zona glomerulosa球狀帶mineralocorticoid ,minrluk:tikid鹽皮質(zhì)激素aldosterone ,ldusterun醛固酮zona fasiculata束狀帶Glucocorticoid ,lu:kuk:tikid糖皮質(zhì)激素corticosterone,k:tikstrun皮質(zhì)酮zona reticularis網(wǎng)狀帶chromaffin krumfincell嗜鉻細(xì)胞adrenalinedrenlin epinephrine,epinefrin腎上腺素norepinephrine/noradrenaline去甲腎上腺素pituitary gland pitju:itri垂體basophilic cell,beisfilik嗜堿性細(xì)胞thyrotroph促甲狀腺激素細(xì)胞thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)/thyrotropin促甲狀腺激素adrenocorticotroph(ACTH cell)/corticotroph促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素細(xì)胞adrenocorticotropindri:nu,k:tikutrpin促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素gonadotroph促性腺激素細(xì)胞 adenohypophysis,dnuhaipfisis腺垂體pars distalis 遠(yuǎn)側(cè)部acidophilic cell,sidufilik嗜酸性細(xì)胞 somatotroph sumttruf生長激素細(xì)胞somatotropin/growth hormone(GH)生長激素mammotroph/prolactin cell促乳激素細(xì)胞mammotropin,mmutrupin促乳激素 follicleflikl stimulatingstimjuleiti hormone(FSH)卵泡刺激素luteinizinglu:tiinaiz hormone(LH) h:mun黃體生成素interstitial cell stimulating hormone(ICSH)間質(zhì)細(xì)胞刺激素chromophobe cell嫌色細(xì)胞pars intermedia中間部melanotroph促黑素激素細(xì)胞melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH)黑素細(xì)胞刺激素pars tuberalis 結(jié)節(jié)部neurohypophysis,njuruhaipfisis神經(jīng)垂體 pars nervosa神經(jīng)部pituicytepitju:isait垂體細(xì)胞Herrings body赫林體hypothalamus,haipulms下丘腦supraoptic nucleus,sju:prptik視上核paraaventricular nucleus室旁核vasopressin(VP) ,veizupresin加壓素antidiuretic hormone(ADH) nti,daijuretik抗利尿激素oxytocin(OT) ,ksitusin, -t-催產(chǎn)素 infundibulum,infndibjulm漏斗 Male Reproductive System ,ri:prdktiv 男性生殖系統(tǒng)testis testis 睪丸seminiferous tubule ,seminifrs 生精小管interstitial tissue 間質(zhì)spermatogenic epithelium ,sp:mtudenik, 生精上皮spermatogenic cell 生精細(xì)胞spermatogonium ,sp:mtuunim, 精原細(xì)胞primar spermatocyte sp:mtusait, 初級精母細(xì)胞secondary spermatocyte 次級精母細(xì)胞spermatid sp:mtid 精子細(xì)胞spermatozoon ,sp:mtuzun 精子sustentacular cell ,sstentkjul, 支持細(xì)胞interstitial cell 間質(zhì)細(xì)胞androgen 雄激素Female Reproductive System 女性生殖系統(tǒng)ovary uvri 卵巢superficial epithelium 表面上皮ovarian cortex k:teks 卵巢皮質(zhì)ovarian medulla medl 卵巢髓質(zhì)hilus cell hails 門細(xì)胞follicle flikl 卵泡primordial follicle praim:djl 原始卵泡primary cocyte 初級卵母細(xì)胞oogonium ,uunim 卵原細(xì)胞follicular cell flikjul 卵泡細(xì)胞primary follicle 初級卵泡zona pellucida 透明帶corona krun radiata