論音樂教育在“90后”大學(xué)生思想政治教育中的價值分析.doc

/ /論音樂教育在“90后”大學(xué)生思想政治教育中的價值分析Theory of music education in the after 90 s college students ideological and political education value analysis通過針對2011年新入學(xué)的“90”后大學(xué)生進(jìn)行教育的一些切身體會，總結(jié)出“90”后大學(xué)生的一些思維特點(diǎn)與行為方式，為找到一條針對新一代大學(xué)生因材施教的教學(xué)方法打下基礎(chǔ)。By targeting new entrance in 2011 after the 90 education of college students of some experience, summed up the 90 after some thinking characteristics and behaviors of college students, to find a new generation of college students according to their aptitude for teaching method lays the foundation. 一、“90后”大學(xué)生的心理思想特征A, after 90 s college students psychological characteristics 1.思想早熟，個性張揚(yáng)。在信息爆炸的時代，以及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)愈加便捷的大環(huán)境下，“90后”大學(xué)生可以方便的獲取各種信息，開闊了視野，知識面超前，使得這一代青年更加的早熟。伴隨成長的家庭環(huán)境普遍民主，也沒有經(jīng)歷過政治和歷史動蕩，使得他們的個性張揚(yáng)而又善于表現(xiàn)自我。他們對外界事物有著自己的看法和主見，甚至部分可以做到有一定的深度，富有社會責(zé)任感，伴隨時代潮流成長起來的他們也總是渴望走在時代的前沿。然而個性的過分張揚(yáng)，不符合現(xiàn)實社會對人才團(tuán)隊精神、合作意識的要求，可能成為他們成長的桎梏。1. Ideas early, individual character make public. In the era of information explosion, and the Internet more convenient circumstances, after 90 s college students can get all kinds of information conveniently, widened the field of vision and knowledge in advance, make this generation of youth more precocious. Along with the growth of democracy, family circumstances also does not have experienced political and historical turmoil, makes the performance of their individual character make public and good at self. They has their own views and ideas on outward things, even some can have certain depth, rich social responsibility, which have grown up with the trend of The Times they are always eager to walk in the forefront of The Times. Personality too make public, however, does not conform to the realistic social demand for talents team spirit and cooperation consciousness, could become the shackles of their growth. 2.思維敏捷，富有創(chuàng)新精神，價值取向趨向功利化。精神、物質(zhì)生活極大豐富的大環(huán)境，使相當(dāng)多的“90后”大學(xué)生從小就接受各式各樣的智力教育。這使得很多“90后”大學(xué)生，反應(yīng)能力、思辨能力和接受新事物的能力等各個方面非常突出。由于過早、過多的接觸各式各樣的社會信息，以及社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，市場經(jīng)濟(jì)所帶來的負(fù)面效應(yīng)對學(xué)生樹立正確的人生觀、價值觀產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。特別是拜金主義、享樂主義在“90后”大學(xué)生中產(chǎn)生了一定的沖擊。部分學(xué)生在人生價值觀上崇尚自我，過分強(qiáng)調(diào)自我價值的實現(xiàn)，以至于他們的集體觀念、奉獻(xiàn)精神、團(tuán)隊意識以及艱苦奮斗的作風(fēng)相對不足。2. The thought is agile, innovative, value orientation tend to be utilitarian. Spiritual and material life enriched environment, quite a number of after 90 s college students education at an early age to accept all kinds of intelligence. This makes a lot of after 90 s college students, reaction ability, thinking ability and the ability to accept new things, etc. Every aspect is very prominent. Due to premature, excessive exposure to a variety of social information, as well as the high speed development of the socialist market economy, market economy brings negative effect to the student set up the correct outlook on life and values have had an impact. Especially the money worship, hedonism in the after 90 s college students have a certain impact. Some students on the life values advocate self, too much emphasis on the realization of self value, so that their collective idea, dedication spirit, team consciousness and relatively insufficient hard work style. 3.心理狀態(tài)不穩(wěn)定但不乏堅強(qiáng)?！?0后”的大學(xué)生們大都生活在物質(zhì)生活比較富足的家庭，在物質(zhì)生活方面較為優(yōu)裕，而且多為獨(dú)生子女，多少有嬌生慣養(yǎng)之嫌，而且他們也是正在成長的青年，內(nèi)心體驗極其細(xì)膩微妙。進(jìn)入大學(xué)以后，他們的生活中突然沒有了父母家人的照顧，隨之而來的學(xué)習(xí)、生活和人際交往的壓力，給他們造成了很大的心理負(fù)擔(dān)。而他們的價值觀念尚不穩(wěn)定，時常處于波動、迷茫、抉擇之中，如果自己不會自我調(diào)節(jié)，不能勇于面對這些困難和挫折，對學(xué)生的未來發(fā)展極其不利。3. The mental state is not stable but not strong. After 90 s college students are living in the material life more rich families in terms of material life is relatively prosperous, and more as the only children, many have become spoiled, but they are also growing youth, inner experience is extremely exquisite and delicate. After entering the university, they suddenly have no parents in the life of family care, followed by a study, life and interpersonal stress, caused great psychological burden for them. And their concept of value is not stable, often under fluctuations, confused, choice, if you dont self adjusting, cant have the courage to face these difficulties and setbacks, is extremely unfavorable to students future development. 總言之，“90后”大學(xué)生出生在中國信息飛速發(fā)展的年代，可以說是信息時代的優(yōu)先體驗者，市場經(jīng)濟(jì)、信息爆炸等各種新鮮事物層出不窮?！?0后”大學(xué)生的成長環(huán)境使他們的行為和思維方式有很大的特殊性，高校輔導(dǎo)員應(yīng)該摒棄舊的教育觀念和方式，在思想政治工作中充分發(fā)揮音樂教育特殊的育人優(yōu)勢，促進(jìn)“90后”大學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)的提升。In a word, after 90 s college students was born in China rapid development information age, experience can be said to be the priority of the information age, the market economy, the information explosion, etc. Various kinds of new things emerge in endlessly. After 90 s college students growing environment to make their behavior and thinking way has a lot of particularity, college counselors should abandon the old education ideas and ways, in the ideological and political work into full play in the music education of special educational advantages, promote the after 90 s college students comprehensive quality of ascension. 二、音樂教育的作用Second, music education function 思想政治教育與音樂教育同屬于社會意識形態(tài)范疇，有著強(qiáng)烈的時代精神和鮮明的思想傾向。自階級社會誕生以來，任何思想政治教育與音樂教育都一樣有著鮮明的階級性。音樂教育所體現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)和政治教育是一致的，具有聲情并茂、以情動人、潛移默化等發(fā)揮思想政治教育的功能，使“90后”大學(xué)生在心理上、精神上取得和諧和平衡。Ideological and political education and music education with belong to the category of social ideology, there is a strong time spirit and sharp mind. Since the birth of class society, any thought political education and music education is the same with distinct class character. Music education goal and political education is consistent, affectionately, moving people by feeling, osmosis, such as the function of ideological and political education, the after 90 s college students psychological and spiritual harmony and balance. 在思想政治理論學(xué)習(xí)中，可以通過音樂的形式來闡明某個抽象的概念或觀點(diǎn)，或以音樂作品中的事件或人物作為案例來對某個政治理論或道德觀念進(jìn)行討論分析，發(fā)揮和調(diào)動學(xué)生的積極性和主動性。通過音樂教育來發(fā)揮思想政治教育的功能，可以極大地改變思想政治理論學(xué)習(xí)中死板枯燥的弊端。音樂教育對“90后”大學(xué)生思想品德發(fā)揮的作用，其效果并不像制定明確的行為規(guī)范或直接的道德宣傳那樣直接、明顯。它是一個潛移默化的過程，音樂用有組織的聲音來創(chuàng)造形象，表達(dá)人們的思想感情，反映社會生活的藝術(shù)，可以通過感染、激發(fā)和凈化等多種手段參與“90后”大學(xué)生的思想品德教育。In the ideological and political theory of learning, can be clarified by the form of music some abstract concepts or ideas, or events or characters in the works of music as a case to analysis to the discussion of a certain political theory or moral, and arouses students enthusiasm and initiative into full play. Through the music education to develop the function of ideological and political education, can greatly change the rigid boring in the ideological and political theory of learning. Music education of 90 after the role of the ideological and moral character, the effect is not as clear in the code of conduct or moral propaganda directly directly and clearly. It is a process of osmosis, music to create the image, with the voice of organized expression of peoples thoughts and feelings, reflect the social life of art, can be through a variety of means, such as infection, inspire and purification to participate in the after 90 s college students ideological and moral education. 1.音樂教育可以提升大學(xué)生的審美能力。音樂教育的美育作用早在中國先秦時期就受到哲學(xué)家、教育家孔子的重視。他提出“興于詩，立于禮，成于樂”，意思是詩經(jīng)是學(xué)習(xí)其他五經(jīng)的基礎(chǔ)，即“興于詩”；禮，主要講行為，“禮”是讓我們?nèi)ナ厮眯袨槿ホ`行它；而“樂”是調(diào)和心靈的，樂經(jīng)主要講“和”，就是要達(dá)到內(nèi)在心靈的平靜。有“樂”的修養(yǎng)，人就能表里如一，禮樂完善。所以論語里面講“興于詩，立于禮，成于樂”，最后才是“成于樂”，因為“成于樂”是最不容易的。1. Music education can improve college students aesthetic ability. Music aesthetic education function of education as early as the pre-qin period in China was brought to the attention of the philosopher and educator Confucius. He put forward interest in poetry, in the ritual, as in music, which means the book of songs is the base of learning other five classics, namely xing in the poem; The ritual, the main behavior, the ritual is let us to keep him, use behavior to practice it; While the le is to reconcile, happy main and, is to achieve inner peace of mind. Music culture, people can, reed is perfect. So in the analects speak prospering in poetry, in the ritual, as in music, the last is into, because le is the most not easy. 音樂對人的影響是深遠(yuǎn)、潛移默化的，受教育者本人常常在不知不覺中受其感染和教化。我國古代最早的美學(xué)著作樂記提出：“凡音之起，由人心生也。人心之動，物使之然也。感于物而動，故形于聲?！贝笠馐侨藗冃蕾p音樂，通過耳濡目染，產(chǎn)生潛移默化的美育作用，提高審美能力，促進(jìn)身心健康發(fā)展。人們自然地通過音樂把內(nèi)心的情感與對客觀世界的感受聯(lián)系起來，借助音樂抒發(fā)情懷。Music to the persons influence is profound, subtle, educated himself often in imperceptible in the infection and enlightenment. Aesthetic works of ancient Chinese earliest yue ji is put forward: every sound, born of the heart. The heart of the move and content but also. Interested in thing, so the shape in the sound. The effect is that people appreciate music, through narrative, subtly aesthetic effect, improve the aesthetic ability, promote the development of physical and mental health. People naturally through the heart of music emotion and feelings about the world, with the aid of music to express feelings. 高校須扎扎實實開展音樂素質(zhì)教育，通過教學(xué)、實踐等多種形式來培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生正確健康的審美觀點(diǎn)、審美情趣，提高大學(xué)生的賞析和音樂創(chuàng)造能力，最終使得大學(xué)生素質(zhì)全面發(fā)展。Colleges and universities must music quality education should be promoted, through teaching, practice, and other forms to cultivate college students right and healthy aesthetic view and aesthetic temperament and interest, improve the students appreciation and music creation ability, eventually making all-round development of students quality. 2.音樂教育是對大學(xué)生進(jìn)行教育的有力工具。前蘇聯(lián)著名教育家蘇霍姆林斯基曾言：“音樂教育并不是音樂家的教育，首先是人的教育?！边@句話表述了音樂教育的目的。音樂教育對學(xué)生優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)的形成，人格的完善具有其他學(xué)科不可替代的作用。音樂的教化功能是通過對音樂作品的理解而實現(xiàn)的。因為音樂能激發(fā)感情的浪花、撥動心弦，從而產(chǎn)生移情作用，發(fā)揮教育功能。例如，學(xué)生欣賞藝術(shù)歌曲祖國，慈祥的母親時，學(xué)生們都心潮澎湃，無論是清新真摯的語言還是柔美動人的旋律，無不深深地打動著學(xué)生心底的情愫。此歌曲風(fēng)格樸實自然，品位高雅，表達(dá)了億萬中華兒女對偉大祖國母親赤誠的愛。所以，高校音樂教育的最終意義就在于使學(xué)生的情感得到陶冶，思想得到凈化，品格得到完善，從而使他們的身心得到和諧發(fā)展。2. The music education is a powerful tool for education on college students. The former Soviet union well-known educator Su Huom Lin Siji once said: music education is not a musicians education, first of all is the persons education. The purpose of the sentence expression of the music education. Music education to the student the formation of good quality, the perfection of personality is irreplaceable role in other disciplines. Music education function is through the understanding of music works. Because music can stimulate the feelings of the waves, the heartstrings, and generate empathy, give play to the education function. Students appreciate the art song, for example, my country, kind mother, when the students were all surge of emotion surge, whether it is pure and fresh and the sincere language or gently beautiful moving melody, all impressed the students deeply in the bottom of my heart. This song style naturalness, grade is decorous, expressed the sincere love to the great motherland mother millions of Chinese people. So, colleges and universities music educations ultimate significance is to cultivate students emotion, purified mind, personality is perfect, so that they get harmonious development of body and mind. 3.音樂教育可以培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生的團(tuán)隊意識。高校的音樂教育不僅僅局限于大學(xué)生平時的課程設(shè)置上，也反映在大學(xué)生平時的音樂實踐活動中。音樂教育的實踐活動在高校的主要形式有合唱團(tuán)、交響樂團(tuán)、民樂團(tuán)、舞蹈團(tuán)等等，從表象看，這些活動能給學(xué)生帶來享受音樂的平臺，豐富高校藝術(shù)氛圍。從更深層次看，音樂教育對培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的團(tuán)隊意識、鍛煉協(xié)作能力也起著極其重要的作用。比如合唱團(tuán)、交響樂團(tuán)，這樣的團(tuán)隊從日常的排練到演出，無時無刻不使學(xué)生切身體會到音樂的成熟、有序、優(yōu)美。學(xué)生在這樣的音樂實踐活動中，不僅鍛煉了協(xié)作能力，而且能夠使他們?nèi)谌爰w之中，體會并理解集體與個人的關(guān)系。3. Music education can cultivate students sense of team. College music education is not confined to college students on the curriculum setting of at ordinary times, also reflected in the college students at ordinary times music practice activity. The main form of music education practice in colleges and universities have a choir and symphony orchestra, national music orchestra, dance, and so on, look from the surface, these activities can bring students enjoy the music platform, rich artistic atmosphere in colleges and universities. From a deeper view, music education to cultivate the students team consciousness, cooperation ability exercise also plays a very important role. Such as choir and symphony orchestra, the rehearsal to the performance of the team from everyday, every second so that the students experience to the mature, orderly and beautiful music. Students in such a music practice activity, not only exercise the cooperation ability, and to cast them into the collective, experience and understanding of the relationship between the collective and the individual. 4.音樂教育能開發(fā)大學(xué)生的大腦，有利于創(chuàng)造性思維的發(fā)展。近年來國內(nèi)外的研究和實踐表明：音樂素質(zhì)教育可以綜合地培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造型人才的各種素質(zhì)，是培養(yǎng)品德、鍛煉意志、開發(fā)智力，尤其是發(fā)展創(chuàng)造能力的良好途徑。音樂教育能開發(fā)人的大腦，促進(jìn)人的智力功能，有利于創(chuàng)造思維的發(fā)展。因此，在訓(xùn)練大學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性思維上，音樂教育具有獨(dú)特的功效和得天獨(dú)厚的優(yōu)勢。4. Music education can develop students brain, is conducive to the development of creative thinking. At home and abroad in recent years, the research and practice show that quality of music education can synthetically all kinds of quality, to training creative talents is to cultivate moral character, exercise the will, the development intelligence, especially in a good way of developing creative ability. Music education can promote brain that develops a person, the persons intelligence function, promotes the development of creative thinking. Accordingly, in training students creative thinking, music education has special efficacy and advantages. 其一，在音樂教育中，不論演唱、演奏和欣賞音樂，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)人們聚精會神，這能引起記憶、思維、想象等一系列心理反映。音樂為人們的想象能力提供了廣闊的天地及靈活多樣的可能。事實上音樂欣賞活動本身就離不開創(chuàng)造與思維，離不開對事物多元化、多側(cè)面、多層次、多反復(fù)的高級反映過程，因此，欣賞音樂的過程，對于集中注意力、提高觸類旁通的理解能力和歸納分析的思維能力，尤其是想象創(chuàng)造能力，有極好的培養(yǎng)鍛煉作用。First, in music education, no matter the singing, playing and listening to music, with particular emphasis on all people, this can lead to memory, thinking, imagination, and a series of psychological reflection. Music for peoples imagination has provided a broad heaven and earth and flexible. In fact itself is dependent on the creation and thinking, music appreciation activities cannot leave to diversification, multifaceted, multi-level, many senior repeatedly reflect process, therefore, appreciate the music process, to concentrate, improve the understanding of one instance and inductive analysis of thinking ability, imagination creativity, in particular, has excellent training exercise. 其二，對音樂的理解和感受，是由感知和記憶組成。旋律在不斷變化之中，而感受正在產(chǎn)生的新東西，用記憶把握產(chǎn)生的新東西，這種反復(fù)發(fā)展與刺激，對培養(yǎng)其記憶力是非常重要的。音樂欣賞就是藝術(shù)化的音響流在聽覺中造成一個持續(xù)不斷的“痕跡流”，感知的過程是在記憶的基礎(chǔ)上完成的審美過程，既要了解音樂作品的整體，又要吸收很多細(xì)節(jié)，時而注意和聲，時而注意旋律，或者從傾聽低音區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移到中音區(qū)。這種注意力分散又集中的統(tǒng)一，隨著時間的流逝而接受音樂的多層次及立體性，把人的思維活動激發(fā)起來，這對于鍛煉和發(fā)展人的記憶力和創(chuàng)造力有著重要的作用，也是培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)人才的一項不可或缺的途徑。愛因斯坦不僅是科學(xué)家，也是著名的音樂愛好者，他創(chuàng)立的劃時代科學(xué)論斷“廣義相對論”，就是在彈奏鋼琴中，靈感頓生啟發(fā)了智慧而成，邏輯思維和形象思維的高度融合，促進(jìn)了他在科學(xué)事業(yè)上的偉大成就，他說：“我在科學(xué)上的見解并不比我的鋼琴彈得高明，我的科學(xué)成就很多是從音樂啟發(fā)而來的”。Second, the understanding of music and feelings, is composed of perception and memory. Melody is in constant change, the feeling is the new things, use memory to grasp the new things, the repeated development and stimulation, the cultivation of the memory is very important. Music appreciation is the art of audio stream in the h