英語四級高頻詞匯講解及辨析.doc

英語四級高頻詞匯講解及辨析1. undergraduate n. 大學(xué)畢業(yè)生;本科生graduate student=postgraduate 研究生 doctoral student=Ph. D candidate 博士生 He is a Peking University undergraduate.他是北京大學(xué)的學(xué)生。2. universal a. 普遍的，通用的;宇宙的universal time 世界時間 universal grammar 普遍文法universal、usual、general、common等詞的區(qū)別：universal 預(yù)期較強，側(cè)重對每個人或事物都適用，沒有任何例外。usual 指常見、常聽和常做的事或舉動，強調(diào)慣常性。general 與universal同義，但語氣較弱，指一般都是如此。common 多指物，側(cè)重指常見，不稀奇。English is a universal language.英語是一門通用語言。3. universe n. 宇宙universal的名詞形式，它表示宇宙、世界、萬物。When I was little, I want to join in the exploration of the universe.在我很小的時候我很想探索宇宙。4. via prep. 經(jīng)由，經(jīng)過，通過by、via、through的區(qū)別在于：by 在旁邊、從旁邊(強調(diào)從旁邊經(jīng)過或路過)，如pass /go by是指從旁邊經(jīng)過或走過。through 穿過、透過、通過(強調(diào)從內(nèi)部穿透)via 經(jīng)由，途徑，從某處(強調(diào)通過中間的媒介達成目的)，經(jīng)由某個人、某個區(qū)域、某個工具達到某個目的。He goes to New York via Sydney.他經(jīng)由悉尼去了紐約。5. vibrate v. 振動，搖擺vibrate 指急速地連續(xù)震動，也可指鐘擺等的來回擺動。 vibrator 名詞，指振動裝置;振動器He saw the wings of her butterfly hairpin vibrate subtly.他看到女孩頭上的蝴蝶發(fā)卡上的翅膀輕輕晃動。6. virus n. 病毒computer virus 計算機病毒 influenza virus 流感病毒Computer virus has been a safety issue for many corporations.計算機病毒已成為許多公司的安全問題。7. voluntary a. 自愿的名詞形式volunteer.voluntary cooperation 自愿合作 voluntary withdrawal 自動退學(xué)Even though he is poor, he is willing to do some voluntary sevices.雖然他很窮，但他還是很樂意做志愿服務(wù)。8. volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿(做)volunteer army 志愿軍 Volunteer State 志愿者州(田納西州別名)He volunteered to help us to pick up my sister.他自愿去接我妹妹。9. vote v. 選舉 n. 選票vote for /against sb. /sth. 表決put sth. to the vote 將問題付諸表決the vote 投票總數(shù)、得票總數(shù)After the riot in London, the vote of the prime minister decreased by10%.倫敦騷亂后首相的選票下降了10%。10. wagon n. 四輪馬車，鐵路貨車The wagon jogged along on the rough road.馬車在崎嶇不平的道路上行走著。11. hostile a. 敵視的Lets hope they will refrain from hostile actions.希望他們不采取敵對行動。12. harness v. 治理 harness a river 治理河流We must harness the rivers which overflow annually.我們必須治理那些每年泛濫的河流。13. hazard n. 危險詞義辨析：danger, risk, hazard, menace, peril, threatdanger: 含義廣，普通用詞，指能夠造成傷害、損害或不利的任何情況。risk: 指有可能發(fā)生的危險，尤指主動進行某種活動或去碰運氣而冒的危險。hazard: 比risk正式，多指偶然發(fā)生的或無法控制的危險，常含較嚴重或有一定風(fēng)險的意味。menace: 所指的危險性最嚴重，表示使用暴力或造成破壞性的可能。peril: 指迫在眉睫很有可能發(fā)生的嚴重危險。threat: 普通用詞，語氣弱于menace，指任何公開侵犯對方的言行，給對方構(gòu)成危險或威脅。The car had its hazard warning lights on.這輛汽車亮起了危險信號燈。14. highlight v. 使突出 n. 最精彩的部分We must highlight the Partys ideological and theoretical building.必須把黨的思想理論建設(shè)擺在更加突出的位置。It is one of the highlights of the match.這是比賽中最精彩的項目之一。15. illusion n. 幻想This creates an illusion of variety.這造成了一種多樣化的幻覺。16. imaginary a. 虛構(gòu)的All the characters in this book are imaginary.這本書中的人物都是虛構(gòu)的。17. ignite v. 點燃What can you do to ignite your own passion?有什么辦法可以點燃你的熱情?18. impetus n. 推動The present conflict may provide fresh impetus for peace talk.目前的沖突可能會給和談提供新的推動力。19. immune a. 免疫的This patients immune system has been destroyed.這位病人的免疫系統(tǒng)受到了破壞。20. incentive n. 刺激To support the family is an incentive for him to work hard.養(yǎng)家糊口是他努力工作的刺激因素。21. approximate a. 大概的，大約 v. 近似He spent approximate two hours searching the photo.他用了大約兩小時來尋找這張照片. Production costs approximate to $100,000 .生產(chǎn)成本接近十萬美元。22. arbitrary a. 隨意的，武斷的My choice was quite arbitrary.我的選擇相當(dāng)隨意。This is an arbitrary decision.這是個武斷的決定。23.architect n. 建筑師The author of the guidebook is an architect by profession.該旅行指南的作者任職建筑師。24. architecture n. 建筑學(xué)He obtained a diploma in architecture.他獲得了建筑學(xué)的學(xué)位證書。25. biology n. 生物學(xué)He specializes biology.他主修生物學(xué)。26. geography n. 地理(學(xué))Hows the new geography teacher?新的地理老師怎么樣?27. geology n. 地質(zhì)學(xué)Mineralogy is a brand of the great earth science geology.礦物學(xué)是大地科學(xué)地質(zhì)學(xué)的一個分支。28. geometry n. 幾何(學(xué))I feel that geometry is a difficult subject.我認為幾何是一門難學(xué)的課程。29. arithmetic n. 算術(shù)Im good at history but not so hot at arithmetic.我的歷史成績不錯，但算術(shù)不太好。30. algebra n. 代數(shù)The boy cant figure out the algebra problems.這個男孩做不出這道代數(shù)題。31. odd a. 奇特的，古怪的;奇數(shù)的Its very odd that she didnt reply to our letter.她沒有回我們的信是件很奇怪的事。32. omit vt. 省略In writing telegrams omit superfluous words.寫電報稿要省去不必要的文字。33. opponent n. 敵手，對手He was assailed by his political opponent.他遭到政敵的攻擊。He is slashing wildly at his opponent with a sword.他正用劍瘋狂地朝對手亂砍。34. opportunity n. 機會，時機You must grasp this opportunity.你必須抓住機會。The opportunity has not yet arrived.時機尚未成熟。35. orchestra n. 管弦樂隊詞義辨析：orchestra, bandorchestra: 指規(guī)模大、最為完整的交響樂隊，可演奏各種不同音樂，一般由弦樂、木管樂、銅管樂和打擊樂所組成。band: 指主要由銅管樂、木管樂和打擊樂所組成的樂隊，主要演奏輕音樂和流行樂曲，與orchestra的主區(qū)別在于沒有弦樂。The orchestra has several concert engagements.這管弦樂隊已安排好幾場音樂會。36. semester n. 學(xué)期;半年詞義辨析：term, semesterterm: term多用于英國。semester: 主要在美國、德國使用。This semester will be my last one in this university.這個學(xué)期將是我在這所大學(xué)的最后一學(xué)期了。37. semiconductor n. 半導(dǎo)體This is a semiconductor integrated circuit.這是一個半導(dǎo)體集成電路。38. seminar n. 研討會The old professor had presided over a seminar for theoretical physicists.老教授主持了一次理論物理學(xué)家的研討會。39. terminal a. 末端的，極限的 n. 終點From the terminal building Keycase returned to the parking lot.奇開斯從終點大樓回到停車。Ill keep with you to the bus terminal.我陪你到公共汽車終點站。40. territory n. 領(lǐng)土Angola was once a Portuguese territory.安哥拉曾經(jīng)是葡萄牙的領(lǐng)土。41. award vt. 授予，判給 n. 獎品，獎金The university awarded him an honorary degree.這所大學(xué)授給他名譽學(xué)位。The judge awarded costs to the defendant. 法官判由原告向被告支付訴訟費。It is the highest award a producer can receive.這是一個制作人所能獲得的最高獎項。42. aware a. 意識到Then he became aware that they were regarding him with interest.這時,他意識到他們都在饒有興趣地看著他。43. column n. 柱，圓柱;欄，專欄The column is surmounted by a statue.柱頂上樹立了一尊雕像。The temple is supported by massive columns.此廟由粗大的柱子支撐。And in this column, you write down everything in the parcel.在這一欄里,您要寫上包裹里每一件東西。He used to write a column for this newspaper.他過去曾為這家報紙寫專欄文章。44. comedy n. 喜劇(反義詞：tragedy)This comedy has had them rolling in the aisles for two weeks.這出喜劇讓觀眾們連續(xù)兩個星期樂得前仰后合。45. dumb a. 啞的;沉默的Shes been dumb from birth.她生來就是啞巴。We were struck dumb with horror and grief.驚恐和憂傷使我們啞口無言。46. dump vt. 傾卸，傾倒Some people just dump their rubbish in the river.有些人徑直往河里倒垃圾。47. deaf a. 聾的;不愿聽的Hes a deaf mute and cannot tell anyone secret.他是個聾啞人，不會把他們的秘密告訴任何人。He is always deaf to his teachers advice.他總是對他老師的忠告充耳不聞。48. decorate vt. 裝飾，裝璜We decorated the house for Christmas.我們裝飾房屋過圣誕節(jié)。The house was empty and easy to decorate.房子是空的，裝修起來很容易。49. principal a. 最重要的 n. 負責(zé)人，校長My principal concern is my familys welfare.我至為關(guān)心的是我一家的幸福。When I came into the office, the principal rose to welcome me.當(dāng)我走進辦公室時,校長起身歡迎我。50. principle n. 原則，原理Archimedes ,a great physicist ,discovered the principle of floating bodies .阿基米德，一位偉大的物理學(xué)家，發(fā)現(xiàn)了浮體原理。We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly.我們堅持人人都應(yīng)該被平等對待這一原則。51. release vt. /n. 釋放，排放;解釋解脫The prisoner was questioned before his release.囚犯被釋放之前受到了審問。The puffball is ready to release its spores. 塵菌已經(jīng)要釋放孢子了。52. exaggerate v. 夸大，夸張The seriousness of the situation has been much exaggerated by the press.形勢的嚴重性被報紙夸大了。53. evil a. 邪惡的，壞的The book gives, as it were, a picture of the evil old society.這本書可謂是展現(xiàn)過去那個邪惡社會的圖畫。54. shrink vi. 起皺，收縮;退縮Will this woolen sweater shrink when washed?這件羊毛衫洗后會縮水嗎?We will never shrink from difficulties.我們在困難面前決不退縮。55. subtract v. 減(去)Please subtract a quarter of the money for your own use.請扣除四分之一的錢由你自己支配使用。56. suburb n. 市郊The factory is located in the suburb.那家工廠坐落于郊區(qū)。57. subway n. 地鐵I want to get there by subway.我想乘地鐵去那兒。58. survey n. /vt. 調(diào)查，勘測A recent survey of public opinions shows that most people are worried about the increasing crime.一份最近的民意調(diào)查表明,大多數(shù)人對不斷增長的犯罪率表示憂慮。They surveyed the damage inflicted by the storm.他們調(diào)查了暴風(fēng)雨造成的損失。59. wealthy a. 富裕的Shes an attractive woman, and wealthy to boot.她是個很有魅力的女人，而且很富有。60. adjust v. 調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)Could you teach me how to adjust the iris of the camera?你能教我怎么調(diào)照相機的光圈嗎?61. domestic a. 本國的，國內(nèi)的;家用的;家庭的Washington responded by freezing the price of domestic oil.華盛頓作出的反應(yīng)是凍結(jié)國內(nèi)的石油價格。The store deals in objects of domestic utility. 那家商店出售家庭用品。62. constant a. 不變的，恒定的 n. 常數(shù)In our world nothing seems constant.在我們這個世界上似乎沒有東西是永恒不變的。The speed of light is an important constant.光速是一個重要的常數(shù)。63. cliff n. 懸崖，峭壁He couldnt find a hold on the cliff.他在懸崖上找不到一個可以站住腳的地方。The narrow path zigzags up the cliff.這條狹窄的小徑曲曲折折地向峭壁伸延。64. authority n. 權(quán)威;當(dāng)局We see him as an authority on the subject.我們把他看作為這方面的權(quán)威。The new building must be financed by the local authority.新大樓的建筑資金必須由地方當(dāng)局提供。65. audio a. 聽覺As with visual feedback, computer games tend to excel at positive audio feedback.和視覺反饋一樣，計算機游戲擅長于正面聽覺反饋。66. attitude n. 態(tài)度She shows a very positive attitude to her work.她工作態(tài)度非常積極。67. community n. 社區(qū)，社會Community colleges have become popular and their enrollments have increased rapidly.社區(qū)大學(xué)日漸增多，報名人數(shù)迅速增長。The welfare of the community is the same as the welfare of its members.社會的福利就等于其成員的福利。68. commit vt. 犯(錯誤，罪行等)，干(壞事等)They committed outrages on innocent citizens.他們對無辜的市民犯下了暴行。69. comment n. /vt. 評論He made no comments on our proposal.他對我們的建議沒有作評論。He commented that it was an excellent film.他評論這電影很精彩。70. distinguish vt. 區(qū)分，辨別Its important to distinguish fact from fiction.把現(xiàn)實與虛構(gòu)區(qū)分開來是很重要的。We should distinguish between right and wrong.我們應(yīng)辨別是非。四級高頻詞匯及講解（27）71. naval a. 海軍的It was unable to turn around at the West end of Chambers Field at the Norfolk Naval Station.它是不能在諾?？撕＼姷能囌臼翌I(lǐng)域的西繁華區(qū)回過頭的。 72.navigation n. 航行Navigation is difficult on this river because of the hidden rocks.因為河上有暗礁，所以在這條河上航行很困難。73.necessity n. 必需品;必要性Necessity is the mother of invention.需要是發(fā)明之母。Water is of vital necessity in the desert.在沙漠地區(qū)水是維持生命的必需品。74. previous a. 先，前，以前的It happened previous to his arrival there.事件發(fā)生于他到那兒以前。You must collect enough materials previous to your writing.你在寫作之前必須收集好足夠的材料。75. provision n. pl. 給養(yǎng)，口糧;準(zhǔn)備，設(shè)備，裝置We set out with enough provisions.我們帶上足夠的食品出發(fā)了。76. pursue vt. 追逐;追求;從事，進行Everyone has the freedom to pursue their dreams.每個人都有追求各自夢想的自由。She wishes to pursue a medical career.她希望從事醫(yī)學(xué)工作。77.stale a. 不新鮮的，陳腐的He always bought two loaves of stale bread.他總是要買兩個不新鮮的面包。The males think the females have talent for telling stale tales.男人認為女人有講陳腐故事的才能。78. substitute n. 代用品 vt. 代替Water is not a proper substitute for wine.水不是酒的適當(dāng)代用品。Only art can substitute for nature.唯有藝術(shù)能代替自然。79. deserve vt. 應(yīng)受，應(yīng)得，值得He has done nothing to deserve death.他沒做過該受死刑的事。You deserve a reward for being so helpful.你幫了這么大的忙，理應(yīng)受到獎勵。These proposals deserve careful study.這些建議值得認真研究。80. discrimination n. 歧視;辨別力We should not have racial discrimination.我們不該有種族歧視。You should rely on your own discrimination.你應(yīng)該相信自己的眼力。81. distress n. 痛苦，悲傷 vt. 使痛苦I pray that you will have pity on my distress.求你可憐可憐我的不幸遭遇。He couldnt distress her with his own terrible dilemma. 他不能用自己糟糕的困境來折磨她。82. facility n. pl. 設(shè)備，設(shè)施;便利，方便The college has excellent sporting facilities.這所學(xué)院有極好的體育設(shè)備。Certainly geothermometry will be used with greater facility in sub-soil exploration and in detecting migrant fluids.可以肯定，地?zé)釡y量法在地下勘探和測試運移流體方面更便于使用。83. faculty n. 能力，技能;系，學(xué)科，學(xué)院;全體教員This boy has a faculty of making friends easily.這個男孩有交友的能力。He is the dean of the Faculty of Medicine.他是醫(yī)學(xué)院院長。Both faculty and students oppose the measures.全體教師和學(xué)生都反對這種方法。84. mixture n. 混合，混合物You need a spoon to beat the mixture smooth.你需要用一把調(diào)羹來攪均混合液。Air is a mixture, not a compound of gases.空氣是氣體的混合物，不是化合物。85. mood n. 心情，情緒;語氣the subjunctive mood 虛擬語氣Im not in the mood to disagree with you.我沒有心思跟你爭論。86.moral a. 道德上的，有道德的His behavior transgressed the moral rules of the social conduct.他的行為違背了社會行為的道德準(zhǔn)則。87. prominent a. 突出的He is a prominent scholar in the field of linguistics.他是語言學(xué)領(lǐng)域的杰出學(xué)者。88. substance n. 物質(zhì);實質(zhì)The emery is a hard metallic substance.金剛砂是非常堅硬的金屬物質(zhì)。There is not anything of real substance in their book.他們的書中沒有什么實質(zhì)性的內(nèi)容。89.substantial a. 可觀的;牢固的;實質(zhì)的Substantial profits accrue when sales take off.當(dāng)銷售額突飛猛進之后，可觀的利潤就開始自然累積。Those workers have built many substantial buildings in the recent years.近幾年那些工人建造了許多堅固的建筑。The reforms have made substantial headway.改革取得了實質(zhì)的進展。90. prompt vt. 促使 a. 敏捷的，及時的Science and technology has prompted the rapid development of modern society.科學(xué)技術(shù)推動了現(xiàn)代社會的迅速發(fā)展。Thank you for your prompt reply to our telegram.多謝您對我們電報的及時答復(fù)。91. debt n. 欠債debt collector 收債人 bad debt 呆賬，壞賬，死帳 national debt 國債He promised to pay his debt within a month.他保證在1個月內(nèi)償還債務(wù)。 92. decade n. 十年decade scaling 十進換算Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.在過去十年里，物價一直在上漲。93. enclose vt. 圍住;把.裝入信封enclose with 附上，將(某物)裝入(信封、包裹等中)Farmers often enclose their land with hedges.農(nóng)夫們常用樹籬將他們的地圍起來。I enclose herewith two copies of the contract.隨函寄上合同副本兩份。94. encounter vt. /n. 遭遇，遭到詞義辨析：meet, encounter, confront, face, contactmeet: 普通用詞，本義指雙方或多方從不同方向或相反方向作相對運動，最終相碰(遇)。encounter: 通常指遇到困難或挫折，也指偶然或意外地相遇。confront: 不可避免地，面對面地相遇，也指敢于正視困難或問題。face: 側(cè)重雙方靜止地面對面，或指充滿勇氣、信心和決心去正視人或事。contact: 多指通過書信、電話或直接會面和別人聯(lián)系，口語用詞。If both participate, it may be an actual encounter of bodiless consciousness.如果是雙向的，這會是一個真實的與靈魂的相見。I encountered an old friend at Rome.我在羅馬邂逅了一個老朋友。95. globe n. 地球，世界;地球儀Magellan was the first person to circumnavigate the globe.麥哲倫是第一個環(huán)球航行的人。96. global a. 全球的;總的global village 地球村，世界村 global warming 全球氣候變暖The green campaign is a global phenomenon.綠色運動是全球性的現(xiàn)象。97. scan vt. 細看;掃描;瀏覽I scanned my pocket for change.我仔細查看囗袋找零錢。The doctors gave him an ultrasonic brain scan.醫(yī)生給他做了腦部超聲波掃描檢查。Im too busy to read the whole newspaper, I just scan the headline.我太忙了，沒法看整份報紙，只是瀏覽了一下大標(biāo)題。98. scandal n. 丑事，丑聞A crime or scandal brings much notoriety to those involved in it.罪行或丑聞常使有牽連的人聲名狼藉。99. significance n. 意義;重要性He puzzled out the significance of the statement.他解釋了這一論斷的意義。In modernanthropology, animism as a theory has little significance, other than historical.在現(xiàn)代人類學(xué)中，泛靈論作為理論來說，除具有歷史意義外，已沒有多大意義。100. subsequent a. 隨后的，后來的subsequent to 在. 之后, 隨后The chairman will be pleased to discuss the matter with you subsequent to lunch.主席很高興能與你在吃過午餐之后討論這個事件。Subsequent events proved me wrong.後來發(fā)生的事證明我錯了。101. adult n. 成年人詞義辨析：adult: 一般指生理上的童年期已結(jié)束，達到法定年齡。grown-up: 多用于口語，含義與adult基本相同，但更側(cè)重脫離兒童階段，已成大人，與childish意思相反。mature: 用于生物時，指完全長好了。用于人時，指達到了生命的黃金時期，但所暗示的青少年和成年之間的界限不明顯。102. debate n. /v. 辯論，爭論詞義辨析：debate: 側(cè)重指意見等對立的雙方之間正式或公開的爭辯argue: 指提出理由或證據(jù)為自己或自己一方的看法或立場辯護，著重說理、論證和企圖說服quarrel: 指兩人之間或兩個團體之間不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大聲爭論某事，尤指“吵嘴、吵架”dispute: 側(cè)重對分歧進行激烈或熱烈的爭論或爭辯，帶一定感情色彩，常隱含“各持已見”或“爭論不休”意味103.問題，爭論點;發(fā)行，(報刊)一期詞義辨析：problem: 指客觀上存在的、難以處理或難以理解的問題。question: 通常指用口頭或書面提出來要求回答或有待討論解決的問題。 issue: 多指意見能達到一致的問題，但要通過爭論或討論解決。matter: 含義不很具體，暗示人們考慮和關(guān)心的事和話題。issue sth to sb/ issue sb sth 發(fā)放 at issue 在爭論(在爭論中) back issue 過期刊物104. capture vt. 俘虜，捕獲詞義辨析：arrest: 指根據(jù)法律或命令進行逮捕并予以監(jiān)禁或拘留capture: 指通過武力或計謀等，戰(zhàn)勝抵抗而捉住敵人或動物catch: 普通用詞，指捉住跑動或隱藏中的人或動物，一般指活捉seize: 側(cè)重指以突然、有力地動作迅速抓住或捉住trap: 多指誘捕105. interfere v. 干涉，干擾，妨礙詞義辨析：interfere 側(cè)重指無權(quán)或未獲允許而妨礙、阻擾、干涉他人之事。intervene 書面用詞，指介入爭端，進行調(diào)停，也指干涉他人之事。meddle 指干預(yù)與自己毫不相關(guān)的事或不屬于自己職責(zé)范圍的事，隱含未經(jīng)許可或授權(quán)?？膳cinterfere換用。106. internal a. 內(nèi)部的，國內(nèi)的internal medicine 內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)詞義辨析：inner 含義廣泛，指事物中心或接近中心的部位，也可指內(nèi)心隱密的活動。inside 多指處于某物內(nèi)部或靠近內(nèi)部，常可與inner換用，可引申指內(nèi)幕的，秘密的。interior 指某物的內(nèi)部，尤指某物的內(nèi)側(cè)，也可指內(nèi)地的或國內(nèi)的。internal 書面用詞，醫(yī)學(xué)上多用，指事物的內(nèi)部，也可指國內(nèi)的或內(nèi)政的。inward 指朝著中心或內(nèi)部方向的，側(cè)重方向而不是位置，也可指內(nèi)心的隱密活動。107. beforehand ad. 預(yù)先，事先be beforehand with 預(yù)先(提前事前將每一切事都準(zhǔn)備好。108. racial a. 人種的;種族的racial prejudice 種族偏見 racial equality 種族平等 racial discrimination種族歧視109. isolate vt. 使隔離，使孤立詞義辨析：isolate 側(cè)重指完全分離、隔開，也指人或物處于完全孤立的狀態(tài)。separate 指一般意義上的分開或隔開。segregate 指把一群人或物從整體或主體中分離出來。insulate 指隔開、分離，尤指用某種東西阻擋從里面逃出或從外面進入的東西。作技術(shù)用詞時，專指用某種絕緣體隔斷通路。200.杰出的，突出的，顯著的詞義辨析：outstanding 通常指與同行或同類的人相比顯得優(yōu)秀或杰出，或具有他人或別的事物所沒有的特征。 google_protectAndRun(render_ads.js:google_render_ad, google_handleError, google_render_ad);noticeable 指所描繪的事物引人注意。remarkable 通常指因有與眾不同的特點或優(yōu)越性而引起人們注意或稱道。conspi