初中英語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法講解及練習(xí)(包括答案)_免費(fèi)下載.doc

初中從句從句按其在復(fù)合句中的作用,分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。（參見以下各條）各從句在句子中的位置以及用法：(1) 表語(yǔ)從句：在句子中作連系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ)的從句,它位于主句中的系動(dòng)詞之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever.(2) 賓語(yǔ)從句：在句子中作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)?；拘问剑海ㄖ骶洌┻B詞+從句主語(yǔ)+從句謂語(yǔ)+. 關(guān)于賓語(yǔ)從句連詞的選擇：若從句來源于一個(gè)陳述句,那么,連詞用that,在口語(yǔ)中that可以省略; 若從句來源于一個(gè)一般疑問句,連詞則用if 或whether; 若從句來源于一個(gè)特殊疑問句,則連詞就是疑問詞(如what,who,where,when等)例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他們相信計(jì)算機(jī)終將代替人類。) (從句本來就是陳述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是該為他在校長(zhǎng)跟前說點(diǎn)什么。) (從句來源于一般問句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他問我在哪兒能搞到那樣的藥。) (從句來源于特殊問句Where can he get such medicine? ) 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)問題：如果主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句則用現(xiàn)在某一時(shí)態(tài),甚至可以用過去時(shí)；如主句是過去時(shí),從句則相應(yīng)地使用過去某一時(shí)態(tài),遇到客觀真理時(shí)仍然用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本學(xué)期我的英語(yǔ)會(huì)學(xué)得好點(diǎn)。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老師問那個(gè)男孩地球是不是圓的。) 下列結(jié)構(gòu)后面的從句一般也作為賓語(yǔ)從句看待： be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that從句,如：Im sorry Im late. (對(duì)不起,我遲到了。) / Im afraid he isnt in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。)(3) 狀語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中作狀語(yǔ),其位置可以在主句前或主句后。狀語(yǔ)從句可以分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、比較、讓步、條件等幾種。狀語(yǔ)從句由從屬連接詞引導(dǎo)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引導(dǎo)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一般放在句首或句尾,特別注意,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句不允許使用將來時(shí),而應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代。如： When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I wont leave until Mum comes back. (媽媽回來了我才會(huì)走。)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句通常由 where, wherever等引導(dǎo)。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里來還滾到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記去抓住那個(gè)偷我項(xiàng)鏈的賊,無論他會(huì)在哪里。)原因狀語(yǔ)從句通常由because, since, as等引導(dǎo),一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出國(guó)了,因?yàn)樗赣H給他找了一所好大學(xué)。) 目的狀語(yǔ)從句通常由so that., so.hat., in order that. 等引導(dǎo),往往放在句尾,從句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身更早為的是趕上第一班車。)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句通常由 so that., so.that. 等引導(dǎo),放在句尾。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句一般表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,故多為過去時(shí)態(tài)。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丟了那么多輛自行車,他決定再也不買新車了。) 比較狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as, than, as (so).as等引導(dǎo),一般省略從句的謂語(yǔ)部分,只剩下名詞或代詞(用主格或賓格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I dont have as many books as you (do). (我書沒有你多)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引導(dǎo)。如：Even if you pay the debt(債務(wù)) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替我還了債我也不會(huì)感謝你,因?yàn)樗c我毫無關(guān)系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿了一件T恤衫,盡管天很冷。)條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常由if, unless, as long as等引導(dǎo),條件狀語(yǔ)從句一般放在句首或句尾,特別注意,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句不允許使用將來時(shí),而應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代。You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work much harder. (即將來到的期末考試你肯定考不及格,除非你更用功。) / If it doesn t rain tomorrow, we shall go hiking. (如果明天不下雨我們就要去徒步旅行。)注意 1、because與so；(al)though與but；if與so不可以同在一個(gè)句子中成對(duì)出現(xiàn)。 2、時(shí)間、條件、原因,讓步狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)需要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。(4) 定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)用修飾句子中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。 定語(yǔ)從句的位置：放在名詞或代詞的后面。如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨傘的人是我的叔叔。) 語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ)的改變：被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞稱為關(guān)系詞,其中that、which、who稱為關(guān)系代詞,where、when、how稱為關(guān)系副詞。 關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的作用：關(guān)系代詞who、whom 和whose指人,分別在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。which指物that多指物, 有時(shí)也指人,它們?cè)趶木渲锌梢宰髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作從句賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. (這個(gè)就是我們近日一直在找的小偷。) / Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in. (請(qǐng)找一間足夠大能住下我們?nèi)w的房間。)關(guān)系副詞when或where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),它們?cè)趶木渲蟹謩e作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (這是一個(gè)星期前他們吵架的房間。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一次見到你的日子。) 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句在句中不能省略,否則主句意思就不完整。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開,這種從句是一種附加說明,如果從句子中省去,也不致于影響主句的意思。如：She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of. (她一個(gè)晚上都在談?wù)撍罱臅?我們一個(gè)人都沒有聽說過那本書。)注解1、關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況：當(dāng)先行詞是指事物的不定代詞(all, anything等),或先行詞部分含有最高級(jí),或含有序數(shù)詞時(shí),不能用其他的關(guān)系代詞,只能用that. 如：All that Lily told me seems untrue. (Lily告訴我的話似乎不真實(shí)。) / Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能給我點(diǎn)里面沒有糖的東西？) / This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (這是第一輛運(yùn)行于我市的雙層公交車。) 2、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。 如：Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner? (你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)在角落里哭泣的女人嗎？) / Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me. (跟我無關(guān)的話,請(qǐng)一個(gè)字也不要說。)3、關(guān)系代詞作從句的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),常用which或whom,較少使用that或who,而且,關(guān)系代詞常常省略。如：Toms father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (Tom的父親是我們老師第一個(gè)談話的人。) 4、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時(shí),必須用which或whom,而當(dāng)介詞移到句尾時(shí),則又可以使用that或who. 如：This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. (= This is the room Miss Li once lived in.) (這是李小姐曾經(jīng)居住過的房間。)(5) 主語(yǔ)從句：在句子中充當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。通常由that,whether以及疑問連詞引導(dǎo)。一般情況下,常用it替代主語(yǔ)從句,而將主語(yǔ)從句移到句尾。如：When we should start is still a question. (我們?cè)撛谑裁磿r(shí)候開始還是個(gè)問題呢。) 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)1、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)：在陳述句中,直接引用說話人原來的語(yǔ)句,稱為直接引語(yǔ)。在書寫時(shí),直接引語(yǔ)用引號(hào)。用自己的詞語(yǔ)來轉(zhuǎn)述表達(dá)原來說話人說的內(nèi)容,稱為間接引語(yǔ)。2、直接引語(yǔ)改變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)：1、直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下各點(diǎn)：不用引號(hào),而用連接詞that,但有時(shí)可省略。人稱作相應(yīng)變化；主句里的動(dòng)詞如果是過去時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)一般應(yīng)作相應(yīng)改變： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變一般過去時(shí)；一般將來時(shí)變過去將來時(shí)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變成過去完成時(shí)；一般過去時(shí)變成過去完成時(shí)；但一般過去時(shí)如與一個(gè)具體的過去時(shí)間連用,則時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：He says,I am not from the USA.”He says that he is not from the USA. Mr Smith said to his girl friend,“ I haven t seen you for a long time.” Mr Smith said to his girl friend that he had not seen her for a long time.2、直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),需用從屬連接詞whether或if引導(dǎo),詞序要改變。如：Lin Tao said to Miss Green, Is it made in China?” Lin Tao asked Miss Green if it was made in China. 3、直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),需用疑問詞引導(dǎo),詞序是：連詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。 如：Lucy said to me, “How can I help?” Lucy asked me how she could help.4、直接引語(yǔ)如是祈使句,變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),須將祈使句變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式,并在動(dòng)詞不定式前用tell, ask, order. 如：He said to the little boy,“ Come here, young man! ” He asked the little boy to go there.5、直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),指示代詞以及表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的詞或詞組應(yīng)作相應(yīng)變化：在直接引語(yǔ)中 在間接引語(yǔ)中thatthosethenbeforethat daythat week ( month,etc.)the next week ( month,etc.)the day beforethe next (following) daythere thisthesenowagotodaythis week(month,etc.)next week ( month,etc.)yesterdaytomorrowhere 中考英語(yǔ)專題練習(xí)從句1.Your Tshirt is so cool.Could you tell me_？Awhere you buy it B where do you buy it Cwhere you bought it Dwhere did you buy it2.I cant forget the time _ the earthquake happened in Yushu.Awhen Bwhich Cthat Dwhere3. Would you please tell me _？At 10：00 this evening.Awhen will the train leave Bwhen the train will leave Cwhen does the train leave4. You speak good English.Could you tell me _？Youd better communicate with others in English as much as possible.Ahow can I improve my English Bhow I can improve my EnglishChow could I improve my English5. This is my beautiful school _ is near the famous library. Awhere Bwhich Cwho Dwhen6. Friends are those _ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.Awhich Bwhat Cwhom Dwho7. Does anyone know _？I hear that he was born in Sweden. Awhat he is Bwhen he was born Cwhere he comes from Dwhich country is he from8. I dont know if Jack _. If he _，call me, please.Awill come; will comes Bcomes; come Ccomes; will come Dwill come; comes9. The TV play is about a true story _ happened in Mianyang in 1998.Ait Bwhat Cthat Dwhen10.Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been11. The old woman _ is wearing a pair of glasses _ Mrs. Black. Awhich; are Bwho; are Cwho; is12. Do you like music _ makes you relaxed? Ait Bwhat Cwho Dthat13. Do you know _ the MP4 yesterday?Sorry. Ive no idea about it. Ahow much did he pay for Bhow much he paid forChe paid for how much Dhe paid how much for14. Is that the man _ helped us a lot after the earthquake? Awhere Bwhich Cwhen Dwho15. He met many problems _ he was going over his lessons.Abefore Bas soon as Csince Dwhile16. What are you looking for?Im looking for the pen _ I bought yesterday. Awho Bwhich Cwhose17. _ well you drive, you must drive carefully.ANo matter where BIn order that CNo matter how DAs soon as18. We have to get up at 7：15 tomorrow morning, _ we will be late for the 7：40 train.Abefore Bor Cif Dso19. The magician(魔術(shù)師) _ played magic tricks in last years CCTV Spring Festival Gala is Liu Qian. He is popular in China now. Awhose Bwho Cwhich20. Everyone can play an important role in the society. As members, we should try our best to do _.Awhat we should do Bwhat should we do Chow we should do21Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need.Awhat Bwho Cwhom Dwhich22. Its a serious problem. We cant decide _ Mr.Harris comes back.Awhile Bsince Cuntil Dso23. Its snowing outside! Put on more clothes, _ you may catch a cold.Aand Bbut Cor Dthough24. The policeman asked me _ at this time yesterday.C Awhat was I doing Bwhat did I do Cwhat I was doing Dwhat I do25. _China is growing stronger and stronger, Chinese is taught in more and more countries. AIf BUnless CAs DAlthough26.Tommy, do you know if Frank _ to the theatre with us this Sunday if it _？Sorry, I have no idea.Awill go; is fine Bgoes; is fine Cwill go; is going to be fine Dgoes; will be fine27. Could you ring me up as soon as he _? A. arrived B. would arrive C. arrives D. will arrive 28.She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may29. Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled30. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which31. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where32. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom33. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which34. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B.that C. whereD. which35. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when36. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why37. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which38. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which39. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which40. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where41. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B