Unit 1 翻譯的概念與性質(zhì).ppt

UnitOneIntroductiontoTranslation TeachingContents AnintroductiontothecourseoftranslationTeachingAims Tomakestudentsawareofwhatthecourseisabout TeachingFocus ThenatureofthetranslationandthewaytolearntranslationTeachingMethods DiscussionTeachingApproaches Multi mediaaided TeachingProcedures TeachingPlan Questionsfordiscussion 1 Whatistranslation 2 Whatisthenatureoftranslation 3 Howmanycategoriesdoyouthinktranslationcanbedividedinto andwhatarethey 4 Whatarethecharacteristicsoftranslation 5 Whatarewegoingtolearninthiscourse 6 Whatistranslationtheoryandwhataretranslationtechniques Whatistherelationshipbetweenthem 7 Asatranslator whatcompetenceshouldyouhave 8 Howcanwelearnthecoursewell BabelTower Genesis 創(chuàng)世紀 TheOldTestament Definitionsoftranslation 早期的翻譯理論 P1 認為 翻譯是將一種語言 源出語 SourceLanguage 轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種語言 目的語 TargetLanguage 或接受語 ReceptorLanguage 而意義保持或大抵保持不變 如 著名英國學(xué)者約翰遜博士 Dr SamuelJohnson 1709 1784 給翻譯的解釋為 Totranslateis tochangeintoanotherlanguage retainingthesense Definitionsoftranslation 1 Translationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguage firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle 2 Thereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage SL byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage TL 所謂翻譯 是在譯語中用最切近的自然的對等語再現(xiàn)原語的信息 首先是意義 其次是文體 翻譯可作如下界定 用一種語言 目的語 的文本材料對等地再現(xiàn)另一種語言 出發(fā)語 的文本材料 Definitionsoftranslation 3 Atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition 譯文應(yīng)完全復(fù)寫出原作的思想 譯文的風格和筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原語的性質(zhì)相同 譯文應(yīng)像原文一樣通順流暢 Definitionsoftranslation 4 Translationisreproducingthemeaningofonelanguageinanotherlanguagesoastocommunicatewiththepeoplespeakingdifferentlanguages Meanwhilepeoplecanexchangeideas transmitcultureawareness stimulatesocialcivilization especiallystimulatethedevelopmentandprospectofthecultureofthetargetlanguage 翻譯是把一種語言表達的意義用另一種語言傳達出來 以達到溝通思想情感 傳播文化意識 促進社會文明 特別是推動譯語文化興旺昌盛的目的 Definitionsoftranslation 5 Translationisnotsimplyamatterofseekingotherwordswithsimilarmeaning butoffindingappropriatewaysofsayingthingsinanotherlanguage Translatingisalwaysmeaning based i e itisthetransferofmeaninginsteadofformfromthesourcelanguagetothetargetlanguage 翻譯不只是在另一種語言中尋找意義相似的其他詞語 而是尋找表達事物的適當方式 翻譯始終立足于語義 也就是說 是語義從源語到譯語的轉(zhuǎn)換 而不是形式 Definitionsoftranslation 翻譯的過程就好比交通工具的換乘過程 兩者之間有諸多相似之處 交通工具換乘過程 內(nèi)容 人員 內(nèi)容 人員 載體 運輸工具1 載體 運輸工具2 翻譯過程 內(nèi)容 信息 內(nèi)容 信息 載體 源語 載體 譯語 Definitionsoftranslation 中國學(xué)者的一些觀點 翻譯是將一種文字之真義全部移至另一種文字而決不失其風格的神韻 吳獻書 1949 翻譯是用一種語言把另一種語言所表達的思維內(nèi)容準確而完整地重新表達出來的語言活動 張培基 1980 翻譯的實質(zhì)是語際的意義轉(zhuǎn)換 劉宓慶 1990 翻譯的定義應(yīng)該是 將一種語言傳達的信息用另一種語言傳達出來 蔡毅 1995 翻譯是將一種語言文字所蘊含的意思用另一種語言文字表達出來的文化活動 王克非 1997 翻譯是語際之間的信息傳遞和語族之間的文化交流 蕭立明 2001 Thenatureoftranslation Translationisanart science craft Thenatureoftranslation A Whenreferredtoasubjectofcurriculum translationisascience justasanysubjectis withitsownrules lawsandprinciplesforthetranslatorstoabideby B Whenreferredtosomespecificpiecesoftranslation itislikeanart witheachpiecemanifestingitsowncharmsandstyleinthecreativehandsofthetranslator C Whenreferredtoaprocess inwhichsomethingistranslated itisacraftorskill Forunlikeanybranchofnaturalscience theprocessoftranslationhasitspeculiarity andnoneofitsrulesandprinciplesareuniversallyapplicable Besidesitentailsalotofpractice particularcraftsmanshipandskillswhicharedisplayedbytouchesofdifferenttranslators Categoriesoftranslation A Intermsoflanguages itcanbedividedintotwocategories Fromnativelanguages sourcelanguages intoforeignlanguages targetlanguages orviceversa B Intermsofmode itcanbedividedintooralinterpretation writtentranslationandmachinetranslation C Intermsofmaterialstobetranslated thereistranslationofscientificmaterials translationofliteraryworkssuchasnovels stories prose poetry drama etc translationofpoliticalessayssuchastreatisesonsocialproblems reports speeches etc andtranslationofpracticalwriting asofficialdocuments contractsandagreements notices receipts etc D Intermsofdisposal itcanbeeitherfull texttranslation 全文翻譯 abridgedtranslation 摘譯 oradaptedtranslation 編譯 Characteristicsoftranslation A Youhavetoexpresswhatotherssayorwrite B Translatorshavenorighttocorrectoralterwhattheoriginalwriterhaswritten suchasthecontent thestructure thestyle theselectionofwords etc Youhavetotranslateintheoriginalstyle withtheoriginalfeeling Noalterationisallowedwhentranslating C Translatorshavetounderstandtheoriginalworkormaterialsfullybeforetranslating Theprocessforatranslatortoworkis a Tounderstandb ToexpressinthetargetlanguageD Toavoidtheinterferenceoftheoriginallanguage Differentlanguageshavedifferentcultures differentwaysofexpressingideas Thecollocationofwords sentencestructures figureofspeechintheoriginallanguagemaybedifferentfromthoseinthetargetlanguage Soatranslatorshouldnotonlytrytosticktotheoriginalmeaningbutalsomakeyourtranslationmeetthecustomaryexpressionsinthetargetlanguage Learningcontents Wearegoingtolearntranslationtheory translationtechniques What smore wearegoingtodomorepractice fortranslationabilityisnotgainedthroughlearning butthroughpractice Duringthetranslationcoursewearegoingtopracticeonthetranslationofwords sentences paragraphs passagesaswellasarticlesorwritingsofdifferentstyles typesorforms Sothiscoursewillbestudent centered notteachercentered Translationtheoryandtechniques 1 Translationtheoryreferstothestudyoftheinternalinherentlawsoftranslation thefindingoftheproblemsoftenmetwithintranslatingandthesolutionstothem Italsohelpspeopletounderstandthelawsandsolvedifferentkindsofproblemsintheirtranslation 2 Translationtechniquesrefertotheexperiencethatpeoplehaveaccumulatedintheirlong timetranslatingwork whichincludediction 選詞用字 amplification 增詞 omission repetition conversion restructuring 重組 negation 正說反譯 反說正譯 division 長句拆譯 etc Translationtheoryandtechniques diction 選詞用字 e g It sacrimeyoudidn tfinishschool crime 并不是 罪行 而是 使人感到遺憾的事 不許他給我們集體臉上抹黑 We renotgoingtolethimbringshameonourcollective Translationtheoryandtechniques like Helikessurf riding 他喜歡沖浪運動 動詞 Itdoesn tlooklikerain 天不像要下雨的樣子 介詞 Likeknowslike 英雄識英雄 名詞 Ican tcooklikeyou 我的烹飪水平不如你 連詞 Theteachercannotcitealikeinstance 老師一時舉不出類似的例子 形容詞 Likeenoughitwillsnow 很可能要下雪了 副詞 Translationtheoryandtechniques amplification 增詞 e g IcouldknitwhenIwasseven 英語knit是不及物動詞 可以單獨使用 漢語 織 為他動詞 使用時后面應(yīng)該有賓語 故譯為 織毛衣 Formistakeshadbeenmadebadones 因為已經(jīng)犯了許多錯誤 而且還是很嚴重的錯誤 Translationtheoryandtechniques omission 省略法 e g Wherethereisawill thereisaway 有志者 事竟成 省略并列連詞 Differentkindsofmatterhavedifferentproperties 不同的物質(zhì)具有不同的特性 省略名詞kinds Translationtheoryandtechniques repetition 重復(fù)法 e g Ignoranceisthemotheroffearaswellasofadmiration 無知是恐懼的根源 也是敬佩的根源 重復(fù)作表語的名詞 Conversion 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換 e g Hespecializesinorientalhistory 他是東方史專家 Translationtheoryandtechniques inversion 詞序調(diào)整 e g Myunclepassedawayat2 30a m onSeptember12 1988 我的伯父于1988年9月12日凌晨2點30分去世 Translationtheoryandtechniques negation 正說反譯 反說正譯 e g Givemeliberty orgivemedeath 不自由 毋寧死 Hewastooyoungtojointhearmy 他太小了 還不能參軍 Outofsight outofmind 眼不見 心不煩 Shecoulddonothingbutwaitattheairport 她只有在機場等下去 Therelationshipbetweentranslationtheoryandtechniques Translationtheoryreferstothelawstohelppeopletounderstandthelawsandsolvedifferentkindsofproblemsintranslation whiletranslationtechniquesrefertotheexperiencepeoplehaveaccumulatedintheirpracticeoftranslation Techniquesareimportant buttheyarenotpanacea Differentkindsofmaterialstobetranslatedrequiredifferentstressesintheirrendition Forexample scientificmaterialsstresstheirpreciseness novelsandstories theirplotsandcharacters etc Wemustmasterthetranslationtheorytoguideourtranslationwork theteacher sopinion Therelationshipbetweentranslationtheoryandtechniques InthepointviewofEugeneA Nida thefamousAmericantranslator translationpracticewithoutanadequatetheoryproducesonlyhaphazardresults whiletheorywithoutpracticeiscompletelysterile Nida 1969 缺少理論指導(dǎo)的翻譯是隨意的翻譯 離開實踐的理論是毫無根據(jù)用處的理論 Whatcompetenceshouldyouhave A Tomastertheforeignlanguage thetargetlanguage inordertofullyandcorrectlyunderstandthematerialswhichyouaretotranslate B Tomasteryournativelanguage thesourcelanguage inordertoexpresstheoriginalmeaningwell andalsotofullyunderstandtheoriginalarticlebeforeyoutranslate C Tobewelllearned tolearnasmuchgeneralknowledgeaspossibleinordertoselectthemostproperwordsintranslatingandtomakeyourtranslationmoresmoothandnatural D Tohaveaverygoodattitudetowardsthetranslationwork Thisisalsoveryimportant Youcannevertoocarefulinyourtranslation Onlyinthiswaycanyoudoyourtranslationwell Methodsforlearningthecourse Wehavetolearnthetheoryandthetechniquesoftranslationwell besides wehavetodomuchpractice Onlythroughpracticecanweimproveourabilityintranslation Inthiscoursethestudentshavetobedividedintopairs groupsforclassroomactivitiesandhomework Everyonehastopreviewthelesson takeanactivepartinthediscussionanddothehomeworkasrequiredcarefully Translationpractice A Translationtechniques Translatethefollowingsentences payingattentiontothetranslationoftheunderlinedwords 1 Tomhastherightqualitiesofmindforthejob 2 LinZexuwasonofthegreatestmindsofthatage 3 Mywifehasgonetowork soIhavegotalotonmymindjustnow 4 PleasemindmybikewhileIgointotheshop 5 Don tinterfereinmyaffairs Mindyourownbusiness 湯姆有勝任這項工作的智力才能 林則徐是那個時代最有頭腦的人物之一 我妻子上班去了 所以我目前有很多事要操心 我進商店時 請幫我照看一下自行車 別干涉我 管你自己的事 Translationpractice 6 Theknifeisnotsharpenoughtocutthemeat 7 Thereisasharpturntotherightnearby 8 Thereisasharpcontrastbetweenthepoorestandtherichest 9 Thelawyerwastoosharpforme 10 Mrs GreenwasverysharpwithmewhenIwaslateforschool 這把刀用來切肉不夠快 附近有一個向右的急轉(zhuǎn)彎 赤貧者和巨富者形成了一個鮮明的對比 那個律師太精明了 我對付不了他 我上課遲到了 格林夫人嚴厲地訓(xùn)斥了我 Translationpractice 11 Anappleoranorange it suptoyou 12 Weareconfidenttogetridofthosedifficultiessincethegovernmenthaveagreedtogiveussomehelp 13 Hespecializesinorientalhistory 14 Thestoryrootsinalongstory 15 Iamnotastrangerinthecity youcan tcheatme 吃蘋果還是吃桔子 你自己決定 既然政府答應(yīng)給予幫助 我們有信心克服困難 他是東方史專家 這個故事的起源一言難盡 我對這個城市不陌生 你騙不了我 Translationpractice B Theory a Differentexpressionsindifferentlanguages 1 blacktea2 blackcoffee3 openmarket4 opencity5 blacksheep6 inhotwater7 brownbread8 haveaball9 atsixesandsevens10 blackandblue 紅茶 不加奶的咖啡 露天市場 自由市場 不設(shè)防的城市 害群之馬 陷入困境 黑面包 玩得開心 亂七八糟 青一塊紫一塊 Translationpractice 11 吃虧12 吃苦13 吃不開14 吃香15 吃驚16 我送你回家 sufferlosses bearhardship beunpopular beverypopular bestartled Wrong I llsendyouhome 我要解雇你 打發(fā)你回家 炒你的魷魚 Correct I llseeyouhome I llescortyouhome I lldriveyouhome I llaccompanyyouhome I lltakeyouhomeinmycar onmybike Translationpractice 17 Theyarethesaltsoftheearth 18 Theyaresixofoneandhalfadozenoftheother 19 Shetalkednineteentothedozen 20 Youmustdoitformeinahundredandoneways 他們是社會的中堅力量 他們是半斤八兩 她滔滔不絕地說 你必須千方百計地為我做這件事 Translationpractice b Differentcollocationofwords 1 大風2 大雪3 大浪4 大樹5 大樓6 大霧7 大亨8 大師9 大面積10 大掃除11 acrowdofyoungpeople12 aswarmofbees strongwind heavysnow highwave talltree highbuilding thickfog bigshot greatmaster largearea general thoroughcleaning 一群年輕人 一大群蜜蜂 Translationpractice 13 apackofwolves14 adroveofhorses15 afleetoffishingboats16 vice chairman17 associateprofessor18 assistantmanager19 Chinesecabbage chestnut 一群狼一群馬一群漁船副主席副教授副經(jīng)理大白菜 栗子 Translationpractice 20 Chinadu