新（江蘇專(zhuān)用）高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法 專(zhuān)題十三 代詞.doc

專(zhuān)題十三代詞考點(diǎn)1none，nothing，no one的區(qū)別1niki is always full of ideas，but_is useful to my knowledge.(2015四川，10)anothing bno onecneither dnone2my brother would like to buy a good watch but_was available from that shop.(2012江西，23)anothing bnonecno one dneither考點(diǎn)歸納1none可與由of連接的人或物組成短語(yǔ)，而nothing，no one不可。none of us went to the concert last night.昨天晚上我們中沒(méi)有一個(gè)人去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。2none回答how many.或how much.的問(wèn)題，而no one (nobody)和nothing則分別用來(lái)回答who.和what.的問(wèn)題。how many students in your class went to the lecture?none.你們班有多少學(xué)生去聽(tīng)報(bào)告了？一個(gè)也沒(méi)有。who did you see enter the lonely house?nobody.你看見(jiàn)誰(shuí)進(jìn)了那間僻靜的房間？沒(méi)看見(jiàn)一個(gè)人。3none可以指代前面提到的人或物；no one (nobody)和nothing沒(méi)有這種作用。he has a brother，but i have none.他有一個(gè)兄弟，而我一個(gè)也沒(méi)有?？键c(diǎn)2none，neither，all，both，either，any的區(qū)別1the research group produced two reports based on the survey，but _ contained any useful suggestions.(2015福建，21)aall bnoneceither dneither2when shall i call，in the morning or afternoon?_.ill be in all day.(2014江西，32)aany bnonecneither deither 3although rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.(2013陜西，22)asome bneithercnone dall4its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do_.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)，14)aothers beithercanother dboth考點(diǎn)歸納1none表示三者或三者以上都不；neither表示兩者都不。2all表示三者或三者以上都；both表示兩者都。3any表示三者或三者以上中任何一個(gè)；either表示兩者中任何一個(gè)?？键c(diǎn)3one，that，it，those的區(qū)別1the quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.(2015天津，2)athat bonecit dthis2half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.(2013浙江，11)athese bsomecones dthose3new technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.(2012四川，2)athat bthiscone dit4if youre buying todays paper from the stand，could you get _ for me？(2012遼寧，28)aone bsuchcthis dthat考點(diǎn)歸納1it所代替的是前面提到過(guò)的同一事物，而one所代替的是同類(lèi)事物中的“一個(gè)”，onea/an名詞，它可以用來(lái)代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones。i cant find my pen.do you see it?我找不到我的鋼筆了。你看見(jiàn)它了嗎？i need a bike but i have no money to buy one.我需要一輛自行車(chē)，可我沒(méi)錢(qián)買(mǎi)。2thatthe名詞，它既可代替可數(shù)名詞，也可代替不可數(shù)名詞，它所代替的也是同類(lèi)事物。his behavior was not that of gentleman.他的行為不是正人君子的行為。3those替代上文中提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，既可指人，也可指物，those指人時(shí)，后須跟定語(yǔ)。those who break the law will be punished.那些違反法律的人會(huì)受到懲罰?？键c(diǎn)4it的用法1how would you like _ if you were watching your favorite tv program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？(2015浙江，12)athem bone cthose dit2whos that at the door?_ is the milkman.(2014大綱全國(guó)，25)ahe bit cthis dthat3susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.(2014山東，4)athat bthis cit dher4an average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making _ the driest year since california became a state in 1850.(2014浙江，3)aeach bit cthis done考點(diǎn)歸納1it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。its no use arguing with him.與他爭(zhēng)辯是沒(méi)有用的。2注意下列句型中的it(1)it is時(shí)間段since.自從以來(lái)多久了(2)it was時(shí)間段before過(guò)去時(shí)多久以后才(3)it will be時(shí)間段before一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)多久之后才能(4)it wont be long before.不久就(5)it is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that.(6)it is (high) time thatshould do/一般過(guò)去時(shí)到了的時(shí)候了(7)it be (just) like sb.to do.像某人做某事的風(fēng)格(8)it bethe序數(shù)詞timethat.這是某人第幾次做(9)i dislike it when.我討厭考點(diǎn)5another，(the) other，(the) others的區(qū)別1to warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against _.(2015陜西，13)aanother bthe othercother deither2in some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in_，knives and forks.(2014福建，21)aanother botherscboth dall3recycling is one way to protect the environment；reusing is _.(2013重慶，31)aanother bthe othercone another done考點(diǎn)歸納1other作前置定語(yǔ)，修飾單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞。ill come again some other day.我改日再來(lái)。2another用于泛指三者以上的不定數(shù)目中的“另一個(gè)”，所修飾名詞前不加冠詞。i dont want this one.please give me another.我不想要這一個(gè)，請(qǐng)給我另一個(gè)。3the other表示兩者中的“另一個(gè)”或兩部分中的“另一部分”，是特指。she has two children.one is a boy；the other is a girl.她有兩個(gè)孩子，一個(gè)是男孩，另一個(gè)是女孩。4others用作代詞，泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。some say yes，and others say no.有人說(shuō)對(duì)，有人說(shuō)不對(duì)。5the others指整體中除去一部分后，剩余的全部。there are fiftyfive students in our class.thirty of us are girls；the others are boys.我們班有五十五個(gè)學(xué)生，三十個(gè)是女生，其余的是男生?？键c(diǎn)6復(fù)合不定代詞1the meeting will be held in september，but _ knows the date for sure.(2015重慶，2)aeverybody bnobodycanybody dsomebody2i think mrs.stark could be _ between 50 and 60 years of age.(2014大綱全國(guó)，28) aanywhere banybodycanyhow danything3good families are much to all their members，but _ to none.(2014江蘇，34)asomething banythingceverything dnothing4you can ask anyone for help._ here is willing to lend you a hand.(2014安徽，24)aone bno oneceveryone dsomeone5a smile costs _，but gives much.(2014重慶，1)aanything bsomethingcnothing deverything考點(diǎn)歸納some類(lèi)復(fù)合不定代詞主要用于肯定句中，any類(lèi)復(fù)合不定代詞主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。當(dāng)some類(lèi)復(fù)合不定代詞用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句時(shí)，表示希望得到肯定回答。any類(lèi)復(fù)合不定代詞用于肯定句時(shí)，表示“任何”之意。由one和body構(gòu)成的不定代詞可以互換使用。解題方法方法1明確指代法在解答代詞題目時(shí)，我們應(yīng)首先分析前后文，明確代詞所指代的對(duì)象，從而避免誤判。具體說(shuō)來(lái)應(yīng)從以下幾方面考慮：1)代詞指代的是人還是物；2)代詞指代的是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞；3)代詞指代的是特指還是泛指概念；4)代詞指代的概念是表示兩者之間還是三者或三者以上；5)代詞所表示的是肯定還是否定概念。(1)the cost of renting a house in central xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.athat bthis cit done答案a解析本題考查的是代詞的指代用法。句意為：西安市中心的房租比這個(gè)城市內(nèi)其他地段的房租都貴。首先將此句改為：the cost of renting a house in central xian is higher than the cost in any other area of the city.，然后考慮用that代替特指的不可數(shù)名詞the cost。(2)the fact that she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that country.aso bmuch cthat dit答案d解析考查it的用法。句意為：她是外國(guó)人的事實(shí)使得她在那個(gè)國(guó)家很難找到工作。句中for her to get a job in that country是動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作made的賓語(yǔ)，difficult是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，此處要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，其他詞沒(méi)有這種用法。方法2理清邏輯法理清邏輯法主要是通過(guò)分析上下文所蘊(yùn)涵的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)做出正確判斷。具體說(shuō)來(lái)應(yīng)從以下方面去考慮：1)代詞所表示的范圍；2)代詞表示的是全部否定還是部分否定。(1)if our parents do everything for us children，we wont learn to depend on _.athemselves bthemcus dourselves答案d解析本題考查代詞。句意為：如果我們的父母為我們這些孩子做了所有的一切，我們就學(xué)不會(huì)獨(dú)立。由句意和句中的we可排除a、b兩項(xiàng)；空格處用反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)保持一致。(2)you are a team star！working with _ is really your cup of tea.aboth beithercothers dthe other答案c解析句意為：你是一個(gè)有團(tuán)隊(duì)精神的人，與別人合作對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)太容易了。others其他人；the other兩者中的另外一個(gè)；both兩者都；either(兩者之中)任一的。a、b、d三項(xiàng)均不符合句意。提醒：完成作業(yè)強(qiáng)化練(十三)二輪專(zhuān)題強(qiáng)化練強(qiáng)化練(十三)強(qiáng)化練(十三)代詞(建議用時(shí)：12分鐘)1_ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.(2015泰州二模，22)anobody banybodycsomebody deverybody2each misfortune you come across will carry with _ the seed of tomorrows good luck.so hang on until you succeed.(2015蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一模，23)aone bsomecthat dit3everyone doesnt agree to the plan.some support it while im one of _ opposed to it.(2015江蘇啟東中學(xué)調(diào)研，21)athose who bwhocthose dthat4a new study suggests that yelling at children may have consequences that are beyond _ of beating them.(2014蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一模，27)aones bthesecthose dthat5it goes beyond doubt that australia is a sporting nation，_ you can feel their enthusiasm about sport.(2014鎮(zhèn)江零模，23)aone where bthe one wherecone that dthe one that6the key to a happy，healthy marriage is choosing _ who is a lot like you.anobody beveryonecnone dsomeone7various solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem.we can choose _ to start with.ait bthat ceach done8almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence，and _ of it is extremely violent.anothing bmuchcnone dmany9we needed a new cupboard for the kitchen.so peter made _ from some wood.ait bonechimself danother10_ person is not prepared for this examination，for example，zhang gong and wang lin havent finished reviewing their lessons.aeach beverycall dnone11some friends tried to settle the quarrel between mr.and mrs.brown without hurting the feeling of _，but failed.anone beithercboth dneither12the greens bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.athey bitcone dwhich13id love to find a satisfactory job upon graduation from college，_ which combines interest and a good salary.aone bitcthe one dthat14change can be scary，but its during transformations that some of the best opportunities present _.ait bonecthose dthemselves15the greens shop has been broken into three times in the last two years，_ resulting in their great loss.aeach beverycany deither16i have made _ a rule that i buy a copy of english square every month.aone bthatcthis dit17could you tell me how to get to heping street?heping street？_ is where the shopping centre is.asuch bthere cthat dthis18_ comes as no surprise that san francisco wins the honor as the fittest city in the us for its steep hills and fresh food.ait bthat cthis dwhat19i havent read _ of his books，but judging from the one i have read i think hes a very promising writer.aany bnone cboth deither20look at the price of that bike！it is practically the same as _ of a new motorcycle.aone bthis cit dthat學(xué)生用書(shū)答案精析專(zhuān)題十三代詞考點(diǎn)11d考查代詞。句意為：niki總是有很多想法，但是據(jù)我所知，沒(méi)有一個(gè)想法有用。nothing什么都沒(méi)有，沒(méi)有東西；no one指人，故選項(xiàng)b錯(cuò)誤；neither兩者都不，語(yǔ)意不符；none既可指人，也可指物，故此題選d。2b句意為：我哥哥想買(mǎi)一塊好表，可是那家商店里沒(méi)有。本題強(qiáng)調(diào)在那家商店里沒(méi)有一塊我哥哥想買(mǎi)的那種好手表，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量。nothing指物，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量；none既可指人，也可指物，還可以強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量；no one指人；neither指兩者都不?？键c(diǎn)21d句意為：這個(gè)研究組發(fā)布了以這個(gè)調(diào)查為基礎(chǔ)的兩個(gè)報(bào)道，但是都沒(méi)有有用的建議。根據(jù)題干中的two reports和but可知，此處表示“兩者都不”，所以用neither。2d考查代詞。句意為：我什么時(shí)候打電話過(guò)來(lái)，早晨還是下午？都可以，我一直都在。根據(jù)句意可知是在早晨和下午這兩種情況中做出選擇。a、b兩項(xiàng)通常都表示三者或三者以上的情況；neither表示兩者都不；either表兩者中選擇其一。故d項(xiàng)符合題意。3c句意為：盡管rosemary多年來(lái)遭受?chē)?yán)重的疾病折磨，但是她從沒(méi)有失去對(duì)生活的熱情。根據(jù)句意可以將a、d兩項(xiàng)排除。neither表示“(兩者)都不”，而none(與of連用)用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞前時(shí)表示“(三者或三者以上的人或物)都不”，用于不可數(shù)名詞前時(shí)表示“都不，一點(diǎn)也不”。4d句意為：我們只能二選一要么我們今年買(mǎi)一輛新車(chē)，要么我們?nèi)ザ燃?，但是我們不能兩?xiàng)都做。分析句意可知，這是在兩者之間進(jìn)行選擇，所以排除a、c兩項(xiàng)；either用在否定句中表示全部否定，而both用在否定句中表示部分否定，所以選d?？键c(diǎn)31a考查代詞辨析。句意為：這所規(guī)模較小的學(xué)校的教育質(zhì)量比一些規(guī)模較大的學(xué)校的教育質(zhì)量好得多。表示比較時(shí)，指代前面的the quality of education要用that。one與that雖可用來(lái)指代同名異物，但one為泛指，相當(dāng)于a/an名詞；that為特指，相當(dāng)于the名詞。one所指代的名詞的修飾語(yǔ)一般為 a/an/some/any；that所指代的名詞的修飾語(yǔ)往往是the/this/that。2d考查代詞。句意為：在十六個(gè)國(guó)家的那些被調(diào)查者中，有一半人說(shuō)他們會(huì)首先到最好的朋友那里訴說(shuō)自己內(nèi)心深處的愿望和恐懼。thosethe ones在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的先行詞；these只能作指示代詞，不可作先行詞；some是泛指，無(wú)法接定語(yǔ)；因?yàn)橛衕alf of在前面，后面一定接含有the概念的代詞，所以c項(xiàng)也不對(duì)。故答案為d項(xiàng)。3d考查代詞。題干為固定句型：makeitadj.to do。其中it作形式賓語(yǔ)，替代動(dòng)詞不定式to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。句意為：新興科技已經(jīng)使更快地、以更低的成本生產(chǎn)新產(chǎn)品成為可能。4apaper作“報(bào)紙”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。結(jié)合情景，說(shuō)話人要對(duì)方給自己捎一份報(bào)紙，也就是a paper，而與此相對(duì)應(yīng)的就是one。句意為：如果你要從書(shū)報(bào)攤買(mǎi)今天的報(bào)紙，你能給我買(mǎi)一份嗎？除了a項(xiàng)外的其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以用作代詞，代替名詞，但是用法不一樣。such意為“這類(lèi)的(上文提到的人或物)”，且在句中作定語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)；this指將要提到的內(nèi)容；that指剛提到過(guò)的內(nèi)容?？键c(diǎn)41d考查代詞辨析。句意為：如果你正在看最喜愛(ài)的電視節(jié)目，這時(shí)有人進(jìn)來(lái)沒(méi)有征求你的意見(jiàn)就把電視關(guān)了，你會(huì)怎么想？固定表達(dá)how would you like it if.，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中it代替后面if從句的內(nèi)容。2b考查代詞。句意為：誰(shuí)在門(mén)口？是送奶員。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處指“不知道性別的某個(gè)人”，要用it表示，故b項(xiàng)正確。this與that均為指示代詞，但是沒(méi)有此用法。3c考查代詞。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知從句“她想為自己創(chuàng)造新生活”是make的真正賓語(yǔ)，故空格處應(yīng)填入形式賓語(yǔ)it。4b考查替代詞。句意為：去年平均降雨量?jī)H為18.75厘米，使其成為自1850年加利福尼亞成為州以來(lái)最干旱的一年。由語(yǔ)境可知，空格處替代前面提到的last year，為同名同物的指代，用it。each每一；this這個(gè)；one一個(gè)，泛指“同類(lèi)當(dāng)中的一個(gè)”?？键c(diǎn)51b考查代詞。句意為：為了讓自己暖和起來(lái)，這個(gè)水手坐在火堆旁，光著腳，用一只腳搓另一只腳。表示“兩者中的一個(gè)另一個(gè)”用one.the other.。2b考查代詞。句意為：在一些國(guó)家，人們用筷子吃飯，然而在另一些國(guó)家，人們用刀子和叉子。some.others.是固定用法，意為“一些另一些”，故選b項(xiàng)。3a考查代詞。句意為：回收利用是保護(hù)環(huán)境的一種方法，重復(fù)利用是另外一種方法。the other是兩者之中的另一；another是三者或三者以上之中的另一。保護(hù)環(huán)境的方法有很多種，故不能選b項(xiàng)；one another意為“互相”，不合題意?？键c(diǎn)61b考查代詞。句意為：會(huì)議將在九月召開(kāi)，但是沒(méi)人知道具體日期。句中的 but表轉(zhuǎn)折，根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選nobody。2a考查不定代詞與不定副詞的意義辨析。句意為：我認(rèn)為斯塔克夫人可能在50到60歲之間。anywhere在任何地方；anybody任何人；anyhow不管怎樣，無(wú)論如何；anything任何事情。實(shí)際上本題中含有固定搭配anywhere between.and.，意為“數(shù)目在之間，大約”，該固定搭配也可用anywhere from.to.表示。3c考查代詞。句意為：優(yōu)秀的家庭對(duì)她的成員來(lái)說(shuō)意味著很多，但絕不是全部。everything to none為部分否定，相當(dāng)于good families are not everything to any one of their members.。4c考查代詞。句意為：你可以向任何人求助。這兒的每個(gè)人都愿意為你提供幫助。由前半句設(shè)置的情景可知，所填詞應(yīng)為everyone。5c考查代詞。句意為：微笑是無(wú)需付出任何成本的，但是卻給予很多。cost nothing意為“無(wú)需付出”。二輪專(zhuān)題強(qiáng)化練答案精析強(qiáng)化練(十三)代詞1a句意為：任何人都禁不住被科幻小說(shuō)帶進(jìn)來(lái)的世界吸引住。cant help but do sth.忍不住做某事/禁不住做某事，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，此句的否定體現(xiàn)在主語(yǔ)nobody上，nobody can help but.相當(dāng)于anybody cant help but.，故選a項(xiàng)。2d句意為：你所遇到的每一次不幸的遭遇都會(huì)帶著明天好運(yùn)的種子。因此堅(jiān)持下去，直到你成功。本題中的you come across為省略了關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句，carry的賓語(yǔ)被后置了，題干的基本結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為：each misfortune will carry the seed of tomorrows good luck with it.。it此處指代each misfortune，故選d項(xiàng)。3c句意為：不是每人都同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃。有些人支持，而我是反對(duì)的人中的一個(gè)。由于opposed to是一個(gè)形容詞短語(yǔ)，如選those who，應(yīng)在opposed前加are；those指代those people，被形容詞短語(yǔ)opposed to it修飾，故選c項(xiàng)。4c句意為：一項(xiàng)新的研究表明朝孩子吼叫帶來(lái)的后果可能會(huì)超過(guò)打他們帶來(lái)的后果。ones可以替代泛指的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；that可以替代不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；these不可作替代詞；those用來(lái)替代特指的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，此處相當(dāng)于the consequences。故選c項(xiàng)。5a句意為：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，澳大利亞是一個(gè)體育之國(guó)，一個(gè)你能感受到人們對(duì)體育的熱情的國(guó)度。本題結(jié)合定語(yǔ)從句考查替代詞的用法。根據(jù)題意，“一個(gè)的國(guó)家”為泛指，應(yīng)用one來(lái)替代；另外one后帶有定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，需