英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞用法歸納.doc

英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞用法歸納一、定義與分類數(shù)詞是指表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞，如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等；表示順序先后的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。數(shù)詞用法相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞，在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。二、基數(shù)詞1. 英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有“萬(wàn)”這個(gè)讀數(shù)單位，要表示漢語(yǔ)中的“萬(wàn)”，英語(yǔ)需借用thousand一詞，如“一萬(wàn)”用“十個(gè)千”表示(ten thousand)，“十萬(wàn)”用“一百個(gè)千”表示(one hundred thousand)。2. 用作基數(shù)詞單位的 hundred, thousand, million, billion 通常不帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，但若用于表示數(shù)百、數(shù)千、數(shù)百萬(wàn)這樣的泛指，則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大約有兩千人在地震中喪生。Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上萬(wàn)的人到海濱去。3. 表示整十的基數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示人的大約歲數(shù)或年代。如：He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出頭(from )。This took place in the 1930s. 這事發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)30年代。三、序數(shù)詞1. 許多序數(shù)詞是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后加詞尾-th構(gòu)成的，如four / fourth，six / sixth，ten / tenth，sixteen / sixteenth，但是nine變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞是ninth，而不是nineth。2. twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth 等表示整十的序數(shù)詞，由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞將詞尾y改為ie，再加-th 構(gòu)成。3. first, second, third 通常可縮寫為1st, 2nd, 3rd。凡是以th結(jié)尾的序數(shù)詞可縮寫為“基數(shù)詞+th”：4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th等。4. 非整十的多位數(shù)，將個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞即可：twenty-first(第21)，thirty-sixth(第36)，ninety-ninth(第99)，three hundred and sixty-fifth(第365)等。5. hundred, thousand, million 等序數(shù)詞形式為 hundredth, thousandth, millionth 等。6. 序數(shù)詞前通常要用定冠詞，但表示考試或比賽等的名次時(shí)，通?？墒÷云淝暗亩ü谠~。如：My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房間在三樓，他的房間在四樓。He was (the) third in the exam. 他考試得了第三名。注：有時(shí)序數(shù)詞前不用定冠詞，而用不定冠詞，表示次第在原有基礎(chǔ)上的增加。如：Well have to do it a second time. 我們得再做一次(from )。序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞和不定冠詞的區(qū)別在于：定冠詞表特指，不定冠詞表泛指，有類似another的意思，但比another 的意思更明確。英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞的句法功能一、用作主語(yǔ)The second is yours. 第二個(gè)是你的。Its said that 13 is an unlucky number. 據(jù)說(shuō)13是一個(gè)不吉利的數(shù)字。二、用作表語(yǔ)Her father is sixty-five. 她父親65歲。Two thirds of the apples were bad. 三分之二的蘋果是壞的。三、用作賓語(yǔ)I know three of them. 他們當(dāng)中有三個(gè)有我認(rèn)識(shí)。Please give me the third. 請(qǐng)給我第三個(gè)。四、用作定語(yǔ)He has three English dictionaries. 他有三本英語(yǔ)詞典。The second one is more expensive. 第二個(gè)更貴。The rope is only 2.15 meters long. 這根繩子只有2.15米長(zhǎng)。五、用作同位語(yǔ)Are you two reading? 你們兩人都在看書嗎？ Let us four finish the work. 讓我們四個(gè)人完成這工作吧。Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一個(gè)是準(zhǔn)？六、用作狀語(yǔ)I hate riding two on a bike. 我不喜歡騎自行帶人。Think first, then act. 先想清楚再行動(dòng)。We agree with you a hundred percent. 我們百分之百同意你。數(shù)詞的主要用法 一、表示日期1949年1949讀作nineteen forty-nine6月23日J(rèn)une 23rd 讀作June (the) twenty-third或the twenty-third of June2006年10月October 2006 讀作October, two thousand and six1600年5月2日May 2nd, 2005 讀作the second of May, sixteen hundred二、表示鐘點(diǎn)半小時(shí)用half，一刻鐘用a quarter，半小時(shí)以內(nèi)用past，超過(guò)半小時(shí)用to。08:00 eight oclock或eight09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past/after nine02:30 two thirty或half past/after two05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to six14:15 fourteen fifteen=2.15 p. m.23:05 twenty-three oh five24:00 twenty-four hundred hours=midnight三、表示編號(hào)1. 單純的編號(hào)，可在基數(shù)詞前加number，簡(jiǎn)寫為No.。如No.2第二。2. 序號(hào)與事物名詞連用時(shí)分三種情況(from )：(A)小序號(hào)可用“the +序數(shù)詞+名詞”或“名詞+基數(shù)詞”。如第一次課可以說(shuō)the First Lesson或Lesson One。(B)大序號(hào)通常只用“名詞+數(shù)詞”。如808號(hào)房間Room 808；168路公共汽車Bus No.168；南京路1490號(hào)1490 Nanjing Road；電話號(hào)碼83545601(用基數(shù)詞逐個(gè)念，0念字母O)。 I用“a/the + number+基數(shù)詞+名詞”。如a No.3 bus一輛三路公共汽車，the No.3 bus那輛三路公共汽車。四、表示倍數(shù)1. 倍數(shù)+as +形容詞/副詞(原級(jí))+ as。如：This bridge is three times as long as that one.這座橋是那座橋的三倍長(zhǎng)。2. 倍數(shù)+形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)+than。如：OThis bridge is three times longer than that one.這座橋是那座橋的三倍長(zhǎng)。3. 倍數(shù)+ the size/length/weight+of+表示比較對(duì)象的名詞。如：This bridge is three times the length of that one. 這座橋是那座橋的三倍長(zhǎng)。4. 倍數(shù)+what引導(dǎo)的從句。如：The college is twice what it was 5 years ago.這所大學(xué)是它五年前的兩倍。英語(yǔ)數(shù)詞學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn) 1. 數(shù)詞的種類數(shù)詞有基序數(shù)和序數(shù)詞兩類?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)量的大小，如one, two, three, four等。序數(shù)詞表示序數(shù)，如first, second, third, fourth等。數(shù)詞與不定代詞、冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞等被稱作限定詞。2. 基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞的規(guī)則(1)第1至第19一般是在基數(shù)詞后加th，但變化特殊的有onefirst, twosecond, threethird, eighteighth, nineninth, fivefifth, twelvetwelfth。(2)逢十的twenty, thirtyninety，分別改y為ieth。如twentytwentieth, ninetyninetieth。(3)表示第幾十幾或第幾百幾十幾，只需將個(gè)位數(shù)改為序數(shù)詞。如56fifty-sixfifty-sixth，635six hundred and thirty-fivesix hundred and thirty-fifth(from )。3. 基數(shù)詞的讀寫方法(1)三位數(shù)的讀寫法：個(gè)位與十位之間用連字符“-”；百位與十位之間加and；十位為零時(shí)也要加and。如：365讀作three hundred and six-five605讀作six hundred and five(2)大于三位數(shù)的讀寫法：從個(gè)位起每三位打一個(gè)撇號(hào)“”，第一個(gè)撇號(hào)讀thousand，第二個(gè)撇號(hào)讀million，各撇號(hào)之間的數(shù)按三位及三位以下的數(shù)的讀法讀。如：23, 589讀作twenty-three thousand five hundred and eighty-nine6, 632, 900讀作six million six hundred and thirty-two thousand nine hundred28, 000, 000讀作twenty-eight million(from )4. 序數(shù)詞與冠詞(1)序數(shù)詞前一般要加定冠詞the。如：Its the third time Ive been here.這是我第三次到這里來(lái)。(2)表示在原有的基礎(chǔ)上增加，即“又一，再一”時(shí)，用不定冠詞。如：Shall I ask her a third time? 我還要問(wèn)她一次嗎?(3)下列4種情況不用冠詞。1. 序數(shù)詞前已有物主代詞或名詞所有格時(shí)，不能再用冠詞。如：This is Toms second visit to China.她是湯姆第二次訪問(wèn)中國(guó)。2. 表示比賽或考試的名詞時(shí)，通常省略定冠詞。如：He was (the) second in the English exam.在這次英語(yǔ)考試中他得了第二名。3. 序數(shù)詞被用作副詞時(shí)不用冠詞。I have to finish my homework first.我得先把作業(yè)完成好。4. 在某些習(xí)語(yǔ)中不用冠詞。如at first起初, first of all首先, at first sight乍一看。5. 數(shù)詞的語(yǔ)法功能(from )(1)作主語(yǔ)：The second was better.第二個(gè)好些。(2)作表語(yǔ)：She was second in her class.她在班上是第二名。(3)作賓語(yǔ)：I was among the first to arrive.我是第一批到的。(4)作定語(yǔ)：There are fifty states in the US.美國(guó)有五十個(gè)話別州。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89326.html用數(shù)詞表示約數(shù)的五類方法一、表示籠統(tǒng)數(shù)目的方法可用 tens of, dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of 等表示。如：Ive been there dozens of times. 我去那兒去過(guò)幾十次了。Thousands of people were gathered at the airport. 數(shù)千人聚集在機(jī)場(chǎng)。There were hundreds of people on the beach. 海灘上有成千上萬(wàn)的人。Millions of dollars have gone into the building of this factory. 數(shù)以萬(wàn)百計(jì)的美金被投入修建這座工廠。二、表示“少于”“接近”的方法可用 less than, under, below, almost, nearly, up to 等來(lái)表示少于或接近某個(gè)數(shù)目。如：It cost me less than 10 pounds. 我買它沒(méi)花上10英鎊。Theres nothing below 5 dollars. 沒(méi)有一樣?xùn)|西價(jià)錢在5美元以下。Almost Nearly all the students passed the exam. 差不多所有的學(xué)生都通過(guò)了考試。三、表示“多于”“超過(guò)”的方法可用 more than, beyond, or more, over, above 等來(lái)表示超過(guò)或多于某個(gè)數(shù)目。如：He was away for more than a month. 他離開(kāi)了一個(gè)多月。There are ten chairs or more in the room. 房間里有十多把椅子。The temperature is two degrees above zero. 溫度是零上2度。You have to be over 18 to see this film. 超過(guò)18歲的人才能看這部電影。四、表示“大約”“左右”的方法可用 or, or so, about, around, some, more or less 等表示。如：They arrived around round 5 oclock. 他們是大約5 點(diǎn)鐘到的。Its an hours journey, more or less. 大約有一個(gè)鐘頭的路程。Take this medicine. Youll feel better in an hour or so. 把藥吃了，過(guò)一個(gè)多小時(shí)你會(huì)感覺(jué)好些的。五、“一兩個(gè)”的表法方法英語(yǔ)中要表示“一兩個(gè)”，有兩種常用表達(dá)，一是“a+名詞+or two”，二是“one or two+名詞”，注意兩者不可混用(尤其注意不能將 a 與 one 用混)。如：After a minute or two we saw him. 一兩分鐘后我們看見(jiàn)他了。May I borrow the book for a day or two? 這本書我可以借一兩天嗎? I would like to use the computer for an hour or two. 我想用一兩個(gè)小時(shí)的電腦。I want to put you right on one or two matters. 我想給你糾正一兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。There is one or two things Id like to know about. 有一兩件事我很想知道。dozen用法的方方面面 有這樣一道題，涉及dozen用法的多個(gè)方面，你做得對(duì)嗎？We already have _ pencils, but we need two _ pens.A. dozen of, dozen B. dozens of, dozens C. dozens of, dozen D. dozens of, dozen of【分析】此題最佳答案為C。關(guān)于dozen的復(fù)數(shù)是否加詞尾-s的問(wèn)題比較復(fù)雜，大致原則是：(1) 當(dāng)它與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)，既不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，也不后接介詞of。盡管有的詞書也有 two dozen of 這樣的用例，但這已屬過(guò)時(shí)用法，在考試中應(yīng)避免，如1992年全國(guó)高考有一道單項(xiàng)選擇題就認(rèn)為two dozen of為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)：Shortly after the accident, _ police were sent to the spot to keep order. A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen D(2) 當(dāng)它不與具體數(shù)字連用，而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù)時(shí)，則不僅要加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，而且要后接介詞 of，此時(shí)可將dozens of(許多，幾十)視為習(xí)語(yǔ)。如：Ive been there dozens of times. 我去過(guò)那兒幾十次。Shes got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。下面一例中的dozens加了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s也屬為似情況：Pack them in dozens. 按打裝袋吧。 (3) 當(dāng)與 a few, several 等數(shù)目不很具體的詞連用時(shí)，加不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s均可，但需注意：不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s時(shí)，其后的介詞of可以省略；加詞尾-s時(shí)，其后介詞 of不能省略。如：several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils幾打鉛筆(from )注：英語(yǔ)較少使用many dozen的說(shuō)法，要表示類似意思可用dozens of。(4) 當(dāng)它后面的名詞受 the, these, those 等特指限定詞修飾時(shí)，或其后的接的是us, them這樣的人稱代詞時(shí)，則此時(shí)必須用介詞 of。如：two dozen of these eggs 兩打這種雞蛋three dozen of them 它們中的3打注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上類似用法 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89323.htmldozen,score,hundred,thousand,million用法要點(diǎn) 這些詞的用法極為相似，需注意的用法有：1. 當(dāng)這些詞與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)，通常不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s, 也不后接介詞 of。如：I want three score eggs. 我要60只雞蛋。He is a man of three score years. 他六十歲。Two hundred (thousand) students went there. 有兩百(千)學(xué)生去了那兒。About three million workers were on strike. 參加罷工的大約有三百萬(wàn)工人。注：有人認(rèn)為 score, dozen 之后有時(shí)也接 of, 但慣用法認(rèn)為省略 of 則常見(jiàn)。另外，當(dāng) million 用作中心詞(即其后不接名詞或數(shù)詞)時(shí)，有時(shí)也可帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s。如：The population of New Zealand is now three million(s). 新西蘭現(xiàn)有人口三百萬(wàn)。2. 當(dāng)這些詞不與具體數(shù)字連用，而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù)時(shí)，則不僅要加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s, 而且要后接介詞 of, 然后才能接名詞。如：Ive read it dozens (scores) of times. 我讀過(guò)它幾十次。Thousands of students entered the contest. 數(shù)千名學(xué)生參加了這次比賽。Millions of people died in the war. 有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人在這次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中喪生。注：若不出現(xiàn)名詞，則不用介詞 of。如：Millions (of people) are homeless. 千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)的人無(wú)家可歸。3. 當(dāng)這些詞與 a few, several, many 等數(shù)目不很具體的詞連用時(shí)，帶不帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾 -s 均可，但是注意：若不帶復(fù)數(shù)詞 -s, 其后的介詞 of 可以省略；若帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s, 則其后介詞 of 不能省略。如：在那兒我見(jiàn)到了數(shù)百外賓。正：There I saw several hundred(s) of foreign guests. 正：There I saw several hundred foreign guests. 注意 some hundred persons 與 some hundreds of persons 含義不同：前者指“大約一百人”，其中 someabout a；后者指“幾百人”。4. 當(dāng)這些詞后面的名詞有了 the, these, those等特指限定詞修飾時(shí)，或其后的接的是 us, them 這樣的人稱代詞時(shí)，則此時(shí)必須用介詞 of。如：two dozen of them 它們中的兩打three scores of these eggs 這些雞蛋中的三打 five hundred of the workers 這些工人中的五百人 5. 注意以下與介詞 by 連用的例子(from )：The eggs are sold by the dozen. 雞蛋按打出售。The ants arrived at the picnic by the hundred(s). 成群的螞蟻來(lái)到野餐的地方。They were sold by the thousand(s). 它們被大批大批地(論千地)出售。比較：Pack them in dozens. 把它們成打地包起來(lái)(即每12個(gè)一包)。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89321_2.html數(shù)詞可與coffee連用嗎 數(shù)詞可與coffee連用嗎？數(shù)詞可與tea連用嗎？請(qǐng)看題：“May I take your order now?” “Wed like three black _ and two green _.”A. coffee, cups of teas B. coffees, teasC. cups of coffee, tea D. cup of coffees, teas【陷阱】誤選C，認(rèn)為coffee和tea均為不可數(shù)名詞，不能后加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，從而排除選項(xiàng)A、B、D?！痉治觥窟xB。有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為 coffee 和tea是物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)，不能用 three coffees, two teas 這樣的表達(dá)。其實(shí)，coffee既可用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“咖啡”這種物質(zhì)，也可用作可數(shù)名詞，表示“一杯咖啡”，即在口語(yǔ)中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同樣，“三杯茶”既可說(shuō)成 three cups of tea，也可說(shuō)成 three teas；“三杯啤酒”既可說(shuō)成 three glasses of beer，也可說(shuō)成 three beers。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89322.html含有數(shù)字one的英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)one by one 一個(gè)個(gè)地He went through the items on a list one by one. 他逐個(gè)處理單子上的項(xiàng)目。Students went out of the classroom one by one as soon as the bell rang. 下課鈴一響，學(xué)生們一個(gè)個(gè)從教室里走出來(lái)。 in one 合為一體Hes President, Treasurer and Secretary in one. 他身兼會(huì)長(zhǎng)、司庫(kù)和秘書三職。Its a book of English phonetics，grammar and usage in one. 這是一本英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)結(jié)合為一體的書。 one too many 多余的，不需要的I found myself one too many among them. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在他們當(dāng)中是個(gè)多余的人。 one in a thousand 優(yōu)秀的人（或事物）My brother is a one in a thousand. 我的兄弟是位優(yōu)秀人物。 不能連詞數(shù)字的幾種常見(jiàn)情況 far 用作形容詞，表示“遙遠(yuǎn)的”，通常不與具體數(shù)字連用。如：車站離我家5英里。誤：The station is five miles far (away) from my home.正：The station is five miles distant from my home.正：The station is five miles away from my home.析：far 通常不可以與數(shù)字連用，此時(shí)需用 distant。both 一般不與數(shù)詞 two 連用，以免語(yǔ)義重復(fù)。如：這兩個(gè)男孩子都很聰明。誤：Both the two boys are clever.正：Both the boys are clever.正：The two boys are clever.clothes(衣服)雖然是一個(gè)沒(méi)有單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但它卻 不能與直接與數(shù)詞連用。她為我買了兩套衣服。誤：She bought me two clothes.正：She bought me two suits of clothes.goods(貨物)是一個(gè)沒(méi)有單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但是卻不能直接用數(shù)詞修飾，要表示“貨物”的件數(shù)，通常借助 piece。如：他發(fā)現(xiàn)有兩件貨被偷了。誤：He found two goods had been stolen.正：He found two pieces of goods had been stolen.troops 側(cè)重指構(gòu)成軍隊(duì)的士兵成員，但并不指?jìng)€(gè)別士兵，因此它一般不與數(shù)字(尤其是較小的數(shù)字)連用。比如：“兩個(gè)士兵”一般不說(shuō) two troops, 可說(shuō) two soldiers。不過(guò) troops 有時(shí)可與較大的數(shù)詞連用。如可說(shuō)(from )：a hundred troops 一百個(gè)士兵Forty-four troops were killed. 44名士兵陣亡。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89320.html含有數(shù)字three的英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ) by twos and threes 三三兩兩We went to the station by twos and threes. 我們?nèi)齼蓛傻刈呦蜍囌尽?三三兩兩 in twos and threesThey arrived in twos and threes. 他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋?lái)了。 three-bottle man 大酒徒His grandfather is a three-bottle man. 他外公是個(gè)大酒徒。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89317.html含有數(shù)字two的英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ) two-way 雙向的We need a two-way switch. 我們需要一個(gè)雙路開(kāi)關(guān)。He invented a two-way recorder. 他發(fā)明了兩用收錄機(jī)。 in twos 兩個(gè)兩個(gè)地The children walked in twos with one teacher in front and one behind. 孩子們排成兩行走，前后各有一位老師。in twos and threes 三三兩兩地Applications for the job are coming in slowly in twos and threes. 申請(qǐng)這份工作的信件三三兩兩來(lái)得很慢。in two twos 立刻；一轉(zhuǎn)眼My pen was lost in two twos. 我的鋼筆一轉(zhuǎn)眼就不見(jiàn)了。 put two and two together 根據(jù)所見(jiàn)、所聞等推測(cè)出真相He is rather inclined to put two and two together and make five. 他一推測(cè)就出圈兒。They came to the conclusion that he hadnt run out of their city, putting two and two together. 根據(jù)事實(shí)推斷，他們得出這樣的結(jié)論，他還沒(méi)有跑出這座城市。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89318.html數(shù)字習(xí)語(yǔ)：at sixes and sevens at sixes and sevens 為習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為：亂七八糟，七上八下，雜亂無(wú)章，一片混亂。如：The boy made the room at sixes and sevens. 這男孩把房間弄得亂七八糟的。 I havent had time to arrange everything so Im all at sixes and sevens. 我沒(méi)來(lái)得及把每件事都安排好，因此心里七上八下的。They held a party last night and everything was at sixes and sevens when the guests left. 昨晚他們開(kāi)了一個(gè)家庭聚會(huì)。當(dāng)客人散盡之后，一切物品都挪了位置。 After the captain of the team broke his leg, the other players were at sixes and sevens. 球隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)摔斷了腿，其他隊(duì)員陷入了一片混亂。 The members couldnt come to an agreement. They were at sixes and sevens. 委員們不能達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)，他們各持己見(jiàn)。 含有數(shù)字four的英語(yǔ)成語(yǔ) four square 直率的；坦白的The girl is four square. 這女孩很直率。 on all fours 爬著The baby was crawling about on all fours. 嬰兒那時(shí)正在滿處爬。four-lettered words 下流話These books are full of four-lettered words. 這些書里臟話連篇。 in fours 每組四個(gè)Group together in fours! 每四人一組! Students are standing in a line，in fours. 學(xué)生們每組四人排成隊(duì)。 From: /grammar/shuci/2009-09-11/89316.html基數(shù)詞及序數(shù)詞重要用法 1. 基數(shù)詞的用法基數(shù)詞用于表示事物的數(shù)量，在表示基數(shù)詞時(shí)，要特別注意hundred, thousand, million, billion等幾個(gè)詞的用法：若其前用了基數(shù)詞，則不論其面是否有of，都必須用單數(shù)形式(此時(shí)若帶of則通常表示特定范圍中的一部分)；若泛指數(shù)百、數(shù)千、數(shù)百萬(wàn)等，則用 hundreds of, thousands of, millions of 等這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Two hundred of the students are needed to plant trees this morning. 今天中午需要200個(gè)學(xué)生去植樹(shù)。Hundreds of people attended the famous directors farewell concert. 好幾百人出席了這位著名指揮家的告別音樂(lè)會(huì)。Thousands upon thousands of English words come from foreign tongues. 成千上萬(wàn)英語(yǔ)單詞來(lái)自外來(lái)語(yǔ)。2. 基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)用法逢整“十”的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用于表示某人的大約年歲和世紀(jì)中的年代。如：The war broke out in the nineties. 這次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)于90年代。Karl Mark began to learn the Russian language in his fiftieth. 馬克思五十多歲開(kāi)始學(xué)俄語(yǔ)。3. 序數(shù)詞的用法 序數(shù)詞用于表示事物的順序，一般由與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加th構(gòu)成(但有特殊形式需特別記憶)；序數(shù)詞主要用作定語(yǔ)，前面一般要加定冠詞(或物主代詞)。如：Their second son is a doctor. 他們的二兒子是個(gè)博士。The hundredth cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps. 喬治一生中找到的第一百個(gè)山洞在阿爾卑斯山附近。注：序數(shù)詞前有時(shí)可用不定冠詞，表示“每一，又一”。如：Well have to do it a second time. 我們將再做一遍。 “數(shù)詞+more”與“another+數(shù)詞” 2007年的安徽高考英語(yǔ)有這樣一道題：The schools music group will be giving a big show tomorrow night and two _ on the weekend. A. more B. other C. else D. another此題答案選A。two more的意思是“另外兩場(chǎng)”。more用于數(shù)詞后，表示數(shù)量的增加，即表示在原有基礎(chǔ)上又增加了若干數(shù)量。注意不要選D，因?yàn)閍nother與數(shù)詞搭配時(shí)，總是要放在數(shù)詞之前。下面我們來(lái)看看這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的用法：一、“數(shù)詞+more”的用法Three more of the missing climbers have been found. 失蹤的登山者又找到了3個(gè)。How many more stamps do you want?Four more please. 你還要多少?gòu)堗]票?請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o4張。If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now. 如果他多得六票，現(xiàn)在就是我們的主席了。二、“another+數(shù)詞”的用法I shall stay another five months. 我將再待五個(gè)月。They drove for another three hours. 他們又行駛了3個(gè)小時(shí)。The strike may last another six weeks. 罷工可能還要持續(xù)六個(gè)禮拜。China picked up another ten gold medals. 中國(guó)又獲得了10枚金牌。The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我們談話時(shí)他說(shuō)他還需要兩天。三、兩點(diǎn)用法說(shuō)明1. 當(dāng)其中的數(shù)詞為one時(shí)，我們可以說(shuō)one more，但一般不用another one。如：He decided to have one more try. 他決定再試一次 (自)。Surely you can put it off one more week. 肯定你可以把它再推遲一個(gè)禮拜。I was wondering if I must ask you one more question. 我不知道我是不是還需要再向你提一個(gè)問(wèn)題。在意義上該用another one的地方，英語(yǔ)通常只用another。如：Shes going to have another baby. 她又快有孩子了。Its cold I need another blanket. 太冷了我再要一條毯子。不過(guò)，如果其中的one不是數(shù)詞，而是代詞，則可以用another one。如：This pen doesnt work. I must buy another one. 這支鋼筆壞了。我該另買一支了。Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one. 我在外面看見(jiàn)你的汽車了，它給另一輛車撞了。If you children closed up a bit thered be room for another one on this seat. 你們幾個(gè)孩子要是擠一擠，這座位上還能加一個(gè)人。即使其中的one不是數(shù)詞而是代詞，英語(yǔ)也通常省略another one中的one。如：I didnt like the red skirt, so I asked to see another (one). 我不喜歡那條紅裙子，所以我要求看另外一條。2. 當(dāng)其中的數(shù)詞為few時(shí)，英語(yǔ)可以說(shuō)another few。如：Im staying for another few weeks. 我還要再呆幾個(gè)星期。I need another few days before l can make up my mind. 我還需幾天才能決定。對(duì)于more而言，英語(yǔ)通常的搭配是a few more。如：I advise waiting a few more days. 我建議再等幾天。Wet weather may continue for a few more days. 多雨的天氣可能還要持續(xù)好幾天。有關(guān)數(shù)詞用法的幾個(gè)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) “一兩天”之類的表達(dá)“一兩天”可說(shuō)a day or two或one or two days。但不能說(shuō)成 one day or two或a or two days。類似的有：a year or two / one or two years 一兩年 / a month or two / one or two months?！耙粋€(gè)半”之類的表達(dá)表示“一個(gè)半”可用aand a half或one and a half 如：We waited for an hour and a half. / We waited for one and a half hours. 我們等了一個(gè)半小時(shí)?！懊扛魩住钡谋磉_(dá)法如“每隔一天”的說(shuō)法有every two days, every second day, every other day，“每隔3天”的說(shuō)法有every three days或every third day?！傲硗鈳住钡谋磉_(dá)法如“另加2個(gè)星期”可說(shuō)another / a further two weeks或two other / more weeks。分?jǐn)?shù)及百分?jǐn)?shù)的用法 1. 分?jǐn)?shù)詞的用法英語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)詞由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞組成。分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，若分子大于“1”，則分母要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Three quarters of the students have passed the exam. 四分之三的學(xué)生考試及格了。The WTO cannot live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. 如果世貿(mào)組織不能容納占世界人口五分之一的國(guó)家，那它就算不上世界貿(mào)易組織了