計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語 第5章.ppt

ProfessionalEnglishinComputerField ChapterFiveProgrammingLanguages 內(nèi)容 正文HistoryofProgrammingLanguagesObject orientedProgramming閱讀材料IntroductiontoTheC LanguageandThe NETFrameworkIntroductiontoPython 1HistoryofProgrammingLanguages KeyWords punchcardn 穿孔卡片appearancen 外觀decimaladj 十進(jìn)位的formulaicadj 公式的Turingmachine圖靈機(jī)magneticdrum磁鼓assemblylanguage匯編語言error prone易于出錯(cuò)的Backus NaurForm BNF BNF范式context free上下文無關(guān)lexicaladj 詞匯的 語詞的 KeyWords polymorphicadj 多形態(tài)的tediousadj 冗長乏味的defensecontractors國防承包商postulatev 假設(shè)compilationn 編譯garbagecollection垃圾回收statictyping靜態(tài)驗(yàn)證extendedstaticchecking延伸靜態(tài)檢查modularityn 模塊mixinn 混合類型delegaten 委托punctuationn 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) Notes Itsprincipaluseisinrigorousanalysesofalgorithmiccomplexity Theintroductionoflexicalscopingfornamesinarbitrarilynestedscopes However oneimportantnewtrendinlanguagedesignwasanincreasedfocusonprogrammingforlarge scalesystemsthroughtheuseofmodules orlarge scaleorganizationalunitsofcode 它主要應(yīng)用在對(duì)算法復(fù)雜性的精密分析中 在任意嵌套中引入了變量名的語義 作用 范圍 然而 語言設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)重要的新趨勢(shì)是應(yīng)用模塊或大型企業(yè)級(jí)代碼單元來開發(fā)大型系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn) Notes Thelimitedspeedandmemorycapacityforcedprogrammerstowritehandtunedassemblylanguageprograms ThedesignofJavawasamoreconservativeversionofideasexploredmanyyearsearlierintheSmalltalkcommunity butthewidespreadadoptionoflanguagesthatsupportedfeatureslikegarbagecollectionandstrongstatictypingwasamajorchangeinprogrammingpractice 有限的速度和內(nèi)存容量迫使程序員手工編寫優(yōu)化了的匯編程序 Java的設(shè)計(jì)比Smalltalk社區(qū)在很多年前就已經(jīng)探索過的想法更保守 但是 對(duì)于支持垃圾回收和強(qiáng)靜態(tài)類型等特性的編程語言的廣泛采用是一個(gè)在實(shí)際編程中的主要變化 2Object orientedProgramming KeyWords object orientedadj 面向?qū)ο蟮膒aradigmn 范例inheritancen 繼承modularityn 模塊性polymorphismn 多態(tài)性encapsulationn 封裝nascentadj 初期的virtuen 優(yōu)點(diǎn)attributen 屬性propertyn 屬性behaviorn 行為 KeyWords featuren 特征jargonn 行話traitn 特性combinatorialadj 組合的extrapolationn 推斷notionn 概念cementv 加強(qiáng)toolkitn 工具包 軟件包event drivenprogramming事件驅(qū)動(dòng)編程思想virtualmachine虛擬機(jī) Notes Object orientedprogramming srootsreachallthewaybacktothecreationoftheSimulaprogramminglanguageinthe1960s whenthenascentfieldofsoftwareengineeringhadbeguntodiscusstheideaofasoftwarecrisis Object orientedprogrammingmaybeseenasacollectionofcooperatingobjects asopposedtoatraditionalviewinwhichaprogrammaybeseenasacollectionoffunctions orsimplyasalistofinstructionstothecomputer 面向?qū)ο缶幊痰母纯梢宰匪莸?0年代出現(xiàn)的Simula編程語言 當(dāng)時(shí)新生的軟件工程界已經(jīng)開始討論軟件危機(jī)了 面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛞苍S可以被看成一個(gè)由相互合作的對(duì)象組成的集合 而傳統(tǒng)的看法則把程序看成由許多函數(shù)組成的集合 或是簡單的計(jì)算機(jī)指令集合 Notes Aclassshouldtypicallyberecognizabletoanon programmerfamiliarwiththeproblemdomain meaningthatthecharacteristicsoftheclassshouldmakesenseincontext 一個(gè)類通常對(duì)于熟悉問題域的非程序員應(yīng)當(dāng)是可識(shí)別的 也就是說 類的特性在上下文中應(yīng)該有意義的 ReadingMaterial1IntroductiontoTheC LanguageandThe NETFramework Exercises The wasanabstractionoftheoperationofatape markingmachine forexample inuseatthetelephonecompanies In1948 KonradZusepublishedapaperabouthisprogramminglanguage anearlysystemsprogramminglanguage wasdevelopedbyDennisRitchieandKenThompsonatBellLabsbetween1969and1973 The1960sand1970salsosawconsiderabledebateoverthemeritsof whichessentiallymeantprogrammingwithouttheuseof Inthe1980s oneimportanttrendinlanguagedesignwasanincreasedfocusonprogrammingforlarge scalesystemsthroughtheuseof or ofcode Object orientedprogramming OOP isaprogrammingparadigmthatuses todesignapplicationsandcomputerprograms isbehaviorthatvariesdependingontheclassinwhichthebehaviorisinvoked thatis twoormoreclassescanreactdifferentlytothesamemessage A definestheabstractcharacteristicsofathing includingthething scharacteristics itsattributesorproperties andthethingsitcando itsbehaviorsormethodsorfeatures questions Pleaselistatleast5kindsofprogramminglanguagesinthe1950sand1960s Brieflydescribefourkindsofmajorlanguageparadigmsnowinuseinthisperiodbetween1967and1978 Brieflydescribethegreatchangesofprogramminglanguagesinthe1980s HowdoestherapidgrowthoftheInternetinthemid 1990 sinfluencet