四川理工英語第二冊(cè)考試復(fù)習(xí)題.doc

UNIT 1summaryAmericans believe so much in moving ahead that they are _committed to_ researching, experimenting and exploring. They treat time as if it _were_ reala precious resource. They budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it and _charge_ for it. A foreigners first impression _of_ the U.S. is that everyone is in a rush and often _under_ pressure. City people always appear to be _hurrying_ to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention or elbowing _others_. Foreigners who miss smiles, brief conversations, or leisurely exchanges with strangers should not feel _hurt_ by this. Americans value time so _highly_, they dislike anyone “wasting” it beyond an _appropriate_ amount. New arrivals to the States will miss the custom of social talk _during_ a business call because Americans generally _assess_ or enquire about their visitors professionally rather than socially. They start talking business very quickly; time is always _ticking_ in their heads. They work _hard_ at saving time through labor-saving devices so they communicate rapidly by fax, phone or email rather than _through_ personal contact. The _impersonality_ of electronic communication has _little_ to do with the significance of the matter _at_ hand. _Finishing_ a job or solving a problem rapidly in the U.S. is considered a sign of _skillfulness_.美國人相信這么多在前進(jìn),他們致力于研究、實(shí)驗(yàn)和探索。他們對(duì)待時(shí)間好象它是真正的一個(gè)寶貴的資源。他們的預(yù)算,節(jié)省時(shí)間,浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,擠出時(shí)間,消磨時(shí)間,減少時(shí)間,解釋時(shí)間和收費(fèi)。一個(gè)外國人的第一印象是僅有的美國,每個(gè)人都是匆匆的和經(jīng)常的壓力下。城市人總是似乎急著要他們要去哪兒,不安地尋求注意力或肘擊他人。外國人錯(cuò)過微笑、簡(jiǎn)短的談話,或悠閑地交流與陌生人不應(yīng)該覺得而受傷。美國人很看重時(shí)間如此高度,他們不喜歡任何人“浪費(fèi)”它超越適量。新移民到美國的人,不會(huì)錯(cuò)過的習(xí)俗在一個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)電話社會(huì)交談,因?yàn)槊绹艘话阍u(píng)估或詢問他們的游客工作而不是社交。他們很快就開始談?wù)?時(shí)間總是在他們的頭。滴答聲他們努力工作以節(jié)省時(shí)間通過節(jié)省勞力的設(shè)備,所以他們迅速溝通通過傳真、電話或電子郵件,而不是通過個(gè)人接觸?？陀^的電子通信并不是手頭上事情的重要性。完成一個(gè)工作或解決問題迅速在美國被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)有技巧的跡象。Vocabularybudgetrestlessleisurelyacuteassess surroundingselbowfulfillreplacecompetentobtainconduct 1. The government has _ budgeted_ one million for a new hospital in this region.2. There is an _acute_ lack of water in the northern part of the country, because there has been almost no rain since last February.3. After listening to the speaker for three hours, the audience became _restless_.4. She grew up in comfortable _surroundings_ ; she never experienced any difficulties when she was young.5. Having studied business at college and knowing two foreign languages, my secretary is perfectly _competent for her job.6. The leading economists of the country have been _assessing_ the influence of the funding crisis upon its economy.7. When Brand elbowed_ his way to the center of the crowd, he pushed with all the strength of his body.8. The company is conducting a survey to find out local reaction to their recently promoted product.Vocabulary1. We cant afford to fall _behind_ our competitors in using new technology.2. Every day the manager has to account to the chairman _ for_ how he spends the companys money.3. He cannot go without wine even for one day; he is a complete slave _ to_ drink.4. When the car broke down on the highway for a third time, Johns patience completely ran _ out_ .5. The chairman of the group suggested that as far as Mr. Palmers work is concerned, hes worthy _of_ a big pay rise. 6. What one thinks and feels is, in the eyes of social scientists, mainly due _to_tradition, habit and education.7. It is a real honor to have the opportunity of meeting the well-known scientist _in_ person. 8. Have you read a newspaper report probing _into_ the activities of drug dealers?UNIT 2SummaryEnvironmental awareness hardly exists since most countries are more concerned _with_ economic development _than_ with global ecology. Increasing environmental damage, _however_, has caused some countries to _ undertake_ new environmental initiatives. Canada has protected its _fish_ supply by closing areas to fishing _and_ setting strict limits on catches of certain _species _. As a result, some fish like herring eventually _ recover _, but some like cod may never recover, and _about _ 40,000 fishermen are unemployed because of _these_ fishing bans and the reduced _number_ of fish. To protect its _ remaining_ rain forest, Costa Rica has _ issued_ a series of new environmental laws and _ created_ parks and nature preserves that _ cover_ one quarter of the country. Under pressure from environmentalists around the world, Brazil took measures _ to protect _ its_ Amazon rain forest but Amazon Indians _are_ endangered _in_ the conflict with _those_ people who continue to destroy the forests.環(huán)境意識(shí)幾乎不存在,因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)國家都更關(guān)注經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是指比與全球生態(tài)。增加的環(huán)境破壞,然而,已經(jīng)引起了一些國家_進(jìn)行新的環(huán)保措施。加拿大保護(hù)它的魚類供應(yīng)通過關(guān)閉捕撈區(qū)和設(shè)置嚴(yán)格限制捕獲的某些物種_。因此,一些魚像鯡魚最終_恢復(fù),但有些像鱈魚_可能無法恢復(fù),大約40000名漁民失業(yè),因?yàn)開這些捕魚禁令和減少的數(shù)量的魚。為了保護(hù)其_剩余的雨林,哥斯達(dá)黎加_發(fā)布了一系列新的環(huán)境保護(hù)法和_創(chuàng)建的公園和自然保護(hù)區(qū),_覆蓋全國的四分之一。從環(huán)保人士的壓力下世界各地,巴西采取措施保護(hù)_其_亞馬遜雨林但亞馬遜印第安人在沖突中一些瀕危與那些繼續(xù)破壞森林。Vocabulary1. Some people say that many young men in modern society have not enoughpolitical awareness. 2. With its excellent researchers and first-class labs, only Beijing University is able to undertake the required research. 3. There are abundant supplies of firewood in mountain areas, which is obviously not true of city areas. 4. In spite of the severe competition, Smith is still ambitious to be successful in the computer field.5. In order to meet the demands of quality education, China should introduce more choice and diversity into the education system. 6. The river was so contaminated with waste from the chemical plant that people can not swim in it.7. The National Fine Arts Association sponsored the fair to raise money for Hope Project last week. 8. Last year the government waged a war against crime and disease. As a result, citizens have a better environment to live in.Vocabulary1. Though I had only $10 with me at the bookstore, when I came across the book advised by my teacher, I bought it without delay, regardless off the cost.Correct form: regardless ofSynonym : without taking into account, paying no attention to2. New buildings have been springing out everywhere in cities and towns since China began the reform and open-door policy.Correct form: springing upSynonym : appearing quickly or suddenly3. Because Mrs. Smith always concerns herself in trifles, she feels unhappy all day long.Correct form: concerns herself withSynonym: is busy with, involves herself in4. After being in debt for three years, the company must aim to increasing production this year. Correct form: aim at/for/toward(s)Synonym: direct its efforts towards5. Upon arriving in New York he converted all his pounds for dollars. Correct form: convertedinto/toSynonym: changeinto6. The Mexican population in the southwestern part of the United States numbers up till 3 million. Correct form: up toSynonym: as many as7. The factory is faced with so many problems as a result from years of bad management. Correct form: as a result ofSynonym: because of, resulting from8. Mary wants to go to the United States by herself for the holiday, but her parents frown in this idea.Correct form: frown on/uponSynonym: not approve ofUNIT 3summaryDuring two years living together, a young couple experienced the usual ups and downs as they grew to know, understand, and respect each other. They honestly confronted the weaknesses and strengths of each others characters. From their racial and cultural differences they learned considerably about tolerance, compromise and honesty.The womans parents bitter, painful divorce after 35 years of marriage emphasized the fact that many couples marry for the wrong reasons: they are incompatible, they hardly take time to know each other, they overlook serious personality conflicts and expect marriage is an automatic way to make everything work out right.When the daughter mentioned wedding plans to her family, her mother counseled her to be really sure she was doing the right thing. When her father learned the boyfriends problems with the Citizenship Department, he immediately suspected this black man wanted to marry his daughter just to remain in the United States.Wanting to persuade the daughter to put off the marriage until later, the father quoted statistics showing mixed couples had higher divorce rates than same race couples. He used examples from counseling mixed couples having marital difficulties. He told his daughter to be realistic because people can be very cruel toward children from mixed marriages. 在兩年生活在一起,一對(duì)年輕夫婦經(jīng)歷了通常的起伏,因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)絹碓搅私?理解和尊重彼此。他們誠實(shí)地面對(duì)這個(gè)弱點(diǎn)和優(yōu)點(diǎn)對(duì)方的字符。從他們的種族和文化差異對(duì)寬容他們學(xué)會(huì)了相當(dāng),妥協(xié)和誠實(shí)。女人的父母的苦,痛苦的離婚在35年的婚姻強(qiáng)調(diào)這一事實(shí),就是許多夫婦結(jié)婚因?yàn)殄e(cuò)誤的理由:他們是不相容的,他們幾乎不需要時(shí)間來彼此了解,他們忽視嚴(yán)重人格沖突和期待婚姻是一個(gè)自動(dòng)的方式解決一切問題。當(dāng)女兒結(jié)婚計(jì)劃提到她的家庭,她的母親勸告她要真的確信,自己做了正確的事情。當(dāng)她的父親學(xué)會(huì)了男友的問題與國籍部門,他立即懷疑這個(gè)黑人想要娶他的女兒就能留在美國。想要說服女兒推遲婚姻,直到后來,父親引用數(shù)據(jù)顯示混合夫婦有更高的離婚率比同一種族情侶。他使用的例子從咨詢混合夫婦有婚姻問題。他告訴他的女兒是現(xiàn)實(shí)的,因?yàn)槿藗儠?huì)非常殘酷的向孩子們從異族通婚。Vocabularytolerancecounselmutualconfirmoverlookcancelhesitatesubsequentcompromiseharborprejudiceproceed1. I firmly believe that this agreement will be for our _mutual _ benefit. 2. _ Tolerance _ is the quality of allowing other people to say and do as they like, even if you do not agree with it.3. For years the girl _harbored _ resentment against her stepmother.4. If one _hesitates _ to do something, he/she is unwilling to do it because he / she is worried or not certain whether it is correct or right. 5. After everyone was seated, the chairman _proceeded _ to announce his plan.6. My figuring was wrong because I overlooked one tiny point. 7. In those days when John looked for a job, he strongly felt that there was a widespread prejudice against men over forty-five.8. Children should be encouraged to reach a compromise between what they want and what others want. Vocabularyon the surfacemeet withwork outall alonghave nothing to do withups and downssupportive of take care of1.Mind your own business. My affairs _have nothing to do with_ you.2.Having worked in the company for two years, Mr. Smith is now taking care of marketing and public relations.3. The farmer _met with_ bad luck; his crops were destroyed by a storm. 4. The old gardener seems cold and unfriendly _on the surface_ , but hes really a warm-hearted person.5. They hope to be able to move into their new house at the end of the month, but things did not _work out_ as they had expected.6. The Chinese government has _all along_ been combating drug trafficking .7. The _ ups and downs _ of the club provided the cartoon with new subjects.8. The man and his friend were _ supportive of_ one another at that critical moment.UNIT 4SummaryDeparting for Los Angeles is no ordinary flight _whatsoever_ for foreign students who are starting a new experience living on their own for 10 months. Their _purposes_ in studying in the United States include to increase their command _of_ English, to finish high school, and to understand the American way of life as much as possible. Students get a certificate granted _by_ the American government if they can pass the final exams at the _end_ of each term. Most of them have difficulty _making_ all the necessary arrangements. Gloria succeeded in finding a host family in _advance_ because she wrote a detailed letter showing _her_ religious and _caring_ character. Students parents help with packing because _their_ teenagers dont have enough experience _and_ tend to take many unnecessary things with them. These students feel nervous _while_ waiting for their domestic planes because they really have to rely on _themselves_ for everything from now on, and they are not sure whether they can manage to adapt _to_ new situations. Two problems encountered _after_ they arrive are not liking the food and _ feeling _ sick for home. Some _object_ to the regulation about the time they must be _at_ home on weekend nights. Students who are not fluent _enough_ in English must take private lessons and, _therefore_ increase total costs.離開洛杉磯不是普通的飛行無論外國學(xué)生開始一個(gè)新的體驗(yàn)生活在他們自己的10個(gè)月。他們的目的在在美國學(xué)習(xí)包括增加他們的英語,完成高中,了解美國的生活方式盡可能多。學(xué)生獲得一個(gè)證書頒發(fā)的美國政府,如果他們能通過期末考試每學(xué)期的結(jié)尾。他們大多數(shù)有困難使所有必要的安排。格洛麗亞成功地找到接待家庭因?yàn)樗龑懙念A(yù)先詳細(xì)的信件顯示她的宗教和富有同情心的角色。學(xué)生的父母幫助包裝,因?yàn)樗麄兊那嗌倌隂]有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和傾向于把許多不必要的東西。這些學(xué)生感到緊張,等待他們的國內(nèi)飛機(jī)因?yàn)樗麄冋娴谋仨氁揽孔约旱囊磺?從現(xiàn)在起,他們也不確定他們是否能設(shè)法適應(yīng)新形勢(shì)下透。他們到達(dá)之后遇到的兩個(gè)問題是不喜歡的食物和_感覺_思念故鄉(xiāng)。一些反對(duì)監(jiān)管的時(shí)候必須在家里在周末的晚上。學(xué)生在英語不流利的足夠必須采取私人課程,因此總成本增加。Vocabularydomesticsuggestionfluentdescendaccustomauthorityawaitabroadcommanddeparturegrantadapt1. He set up an old peoples home with the money granted by the government in 2001.2. Online learning has marked a new _departure_ in education; now the students have more resources to turn to.3. Though the newspaper has been silent, the news of the presidents illness spread abroad_; everyone is talking about it now.4. The girl found it difficult to _adapt_ to new customs when she first came to Shanghai.5. The president has good control of _domesti_ affairs, but many people think that he does not have enough control in the area of foreign affairs6. She called her parents just to tell them that she had become _accustomed_ to life at the university.7. He has a good _command_ of French and German, which enables him to work in these two countries successfully.8. The pilot, thinking his plane was in danger, _descended_ quickly; he wanted to have the plane checked at once.Vocabularyplan onlacking inlive throughhit the targetin turndescend toaccustom tohost totake ondream ofeconomize onadapt to1.-What is Gail busy about after the bitter argument with her parents? -She _plans on_ getting married in the near future. 2. The old couple worked very hard day and night and _ lived through_ the time of financial difficulties.3. Have you ever _ dreamed of_ becoming a top musician?4. Dont _ take on_ too much work at once, or you will make yourself too tired.5. This year the company _ hit the target_ to double their domestic sales.6. The Grand Hotel located in the town center is playing _ host to_ the companys sales meeting this year.7. We must _ economize on_ water because it is difficult to find much water in such an area during summer time.8. I had a terrible time at the meeting; every one of them attacked my research work in turn.UNIT 5SummaryIn the _third_ World, the woman saw many people like her father and daughter. All of them were attracted by huge advertisements showing beautiful _worldly_ girls and confident men _dragging_ away. As in American cities and reservations ,money intended for food was spent on tobacco so that _over_ time people starve for food and air, weaken and hook their children and _eventually_ kill themselves. She read in the newspaper that cigarette ends are so poisonous _that_ if swallowed by a baby, it is likely to die; and in the gardening magazine, that water from a bunch of boiled ends is an _effective_ insecticide.She feels a deep hurt, a feeling of _uselessness_as she remembers how carefully she ate when pregnant, _how_ patiently she taught her daughter to cross a street safely. “For what?” she _sometimes_ wonders. “So that my daughter can struggle to _breathe_ most of her life, feel half her strength, and then _die of_ self-poisoning, like her grandfather?” She likes a quotation from a _battered_womens shelter: “Peace on earth begins at home.” She believes _everything_ does, so she thinks of a quotation for people _to_ stop smoking: “Every home is a _no_ smoking zone”. She views smoking as self-battering which also batters _those_ who helplessly watch. As a child, this mother sat by, _through_ the years, and literally _watched_ her father kill himself. Surely, she thinks, to _lose_ one family member to the prosperous tobacco companies is enough.在第三世界國家,女人看到許多人喜歡她的父親和女兒。所有的人都被吸引了巨大的廣告展示了一幅世俗的女孩和自信的男人拖走。在美國的城市和預(yù)訂,錢用于食品花費(fèi)在煙草,以便隨著時(shí)間的推移人們急需食物和空氣,削弱和鉤孩子并最終殺死自己。她在報(bào)紙上讀到的,煙頭非常有毒的,如果吞下一個(gè)孩子,這是有可能死;在園藝雜志,水從一群煮熟的結(jié)束是一種有效的殺蟲劑她感到深深的傷害,感覺她記得仔細(xì)無用作為她懷孕時(shí)吃,怎么耐心地教她的女兒,她過馬路安全?！盀榱耸裁?“她有時(shí)奇跡。“所以,我女兒會(huì)難以呼吸她的大部分生活,感覺她一半的力量,然后死去,就像她的祖父粘土做自我毒害嗎?”她喜歡一個(gè)報(bào)價(jià)從受虐婦女的庇護(hù)所:“世界和平始于國內(nèi)。“她相信一切的工作,所以她認(rèn)為報(bào)價(jià)的人們停止吸煙:“每一個(gè)家庭是一個(gè)不抽煙區(qū)”。她的觀點(diǎn)是自我打擊吸煙也打者那些無助地看著。作為一個(gè)孩子,這個(gè)母親坐在,這些年來,和字面上看著她的父親自殺。當(dāng)然,她認(rèn)為,失去一個(gè)家庭成員到繁榮的煙草公司是足夠的。Vocabulary1. We dont agree with him because his argument is unrealistically idealistic and does more to harden_ the problem than to provide compromises. 2. Most of what is said about his great men of history has already been said, and what has not is lagely_ irrelevant to our discussion. 3. He is over 50 but he is so _ slim_ that losing weight is not a problem for him. 4. It would only weaken_ his position if he continues to stic