基于PXE+Preseed方式的Ubuntu14.04網(wǎng)絡(luò)安裝.docx

基于PXE+Pressed方式的Ubuntu14.04網(wǎng)絡(luò)安裝1. PXE簡介PXE(preboot execute environment)是由Intel公司開發(fā)的最新技術(shù),工作于Client/Server的網(wǎng)絡(luò)模式，支持工作站通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)從遠(yuǎn)端服務(wù)器下載映像，并由此支持來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)的操作系統(tǒng)的啟動過程，其啟動過程中，終端要求服務(wù)器分配IP地址，再用TFTP（trivial file transfer protocol）或MTFTP(multicast trivial file transfer protocol)協(xié)議下載一個啟動軟件包到本機(jī)內(nèi)存中并執(zhí)行，由這個啟動軟件包完成終端基本軟件設(shè)置，從而引導(dǎo)預(yù)先安裝在服務(wù)器中的終端操作系統(tǒng)。PXE可以引導(dǎo)多種操作系統(tǒng)，如：Windows 95/98/2000/xp/2003/vista/2008,linux等。2. 環(huán)境PXE Server：Ubuntu-14.04 Server 64位操作系統(tǒng)，IP：28 PXE Client：BIOS設(shè)置從網(wǎng)絡(luò)啟動（若為第一次安裝可不用設(shè)置）注：PXE Server和PXE Client在一個局域網(wǎng)內(nèi)。3.PXE Server 安裝相關(guān)服務(wù)1. apt-get install dhcp3-server2. apt-get install apache23. apt-get install tftpd-hpa tftp-hpa4.配置dhcp服務(wù)修改配置文件/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf，配置如下圖：說明：subnet為dhcp服務(wù)器分配ip的子網(wǎng)192.168.74網(wǎng)段，必須和PXE server的一個網(wǎng)卡同一個網(wǎng)段；range為dhcp服務(wù)器為客戶端分配IP的范圍；domain-name為客戶端指明DNS名字；domain-name-servers為客戶端指明DNS服務(wù)器的IP地址；routers為客戶端指定網(wǎng)關(guān)；default-lease-time為默認(rèn)租約時(shí)間（單位：秒）；max-lease-time為最大租約時(shí)間（單位：秒）；next-server為客戶端指定tftp服務(wù)器地址filename為開始啟動文件的名稱；host ns1中是位特定的MAC地址指定IP地址；配置好后運(yùn)行DHCP服務(wù)：#service isc-dhcp-server restart 來重啟服務(wù)運(yùn)行netstat -anp | grep :67udp 0 0 :67 :* 1777/dhcpd這個表示服務(wù)已經(jīng)在運(yùn)行中5.配置Apache服務(wù)首先創(chuàng)建ubuntu14.04的鏡像目錄：#mkdir /var/www/html/ubuntu14.04掛載Ubuntu14.04的光盤鏡像：#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt#cp r /mnt/* /var/www/html/ubuntu14.04啟動apache：#/etc/init.d/apache2 start 并保證通過瀏覽器訪問28/ubuntu14.04/可以看到目錄的內(nèi)容。6.配置TFTP1.配置如下：配置/etc/default/tftpd-hpa,內(nèi)容如下：2.創(chuàng)建pxe加載文件:#cd /var/lib/tftpboot/#cp -r /var/www/html/ubuntu14.04/install/netboot/* .修改/var/lib/tftpboot/ubuntu-installer/amd64/boot-screens目錄下的syslinux.cfg文件：timeout改為13.修改initrd.gz文件首先解包initrd，然后在initrd根目錄下面放置一個文件preseed.cfg，然后在將initrd打包解包initrd#cd /home#cp /var/lib/tftpboot/ubuntu-installer/amd64/initrd.gz .#gunzip initrd.gz#mv initrd initrd.img#mkdir initrd#cd initrd#cpio -id ./initrd.gz替換網(wǎng)絡(luò)啟動的initrd#cd .#cp initrd.gz /var/lib/tftpboot/ubuntu-installer/amd64/附錄：preseed.cfg內(nèi)容如下：#located-i debian-installer/locale string en_US#keyboardd-i console-setup/ask_detect boolean falsed-i console-configuration/layoutcode string usd-i keyboard-configuration/modelcode string SKIP#clockd-i clock-setup/utc boolean falsed-i time/zone string Asia/Shanghai#networkd-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth0d-i netcfg/dhcp_failed noted-i netcfg/dhcp_options select Configure network manuallyd-i netcfg/get_hostname string controller#mirrord-i mirror/country string manuald-i mirror/http/hostname string 28d-i mirror/http/directory string /ubuntu14.04d-i mirror/http/proxy string#clockd-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true#Partitioning#d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/sda d-i partman-auto/method string regular d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic d-i partman/default_filesystem string ext4 d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true d-i partman/choose_partition select Finishd-i partman/confirm boolean trued-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true# Base system installationd-i base-installer/kernel/image string linux-generic#userd-i passwd/root-login boolean rootd-i passwd/root-password password 123456d-i passwd/root-password-again password 123456d-i user-setup/allow-password-weak boolean trued-i passwd/make-user boolean falsed-i user-setup/encrypt-home boolean false#file systemd-i live-installer/net-image string 28/ubuntu14.04/install/filesystem.squashfs#apt setupd-i apt-setup/use_mirror boolean falsed-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect securityd-i apt-setup/security_host string 28d-i apt-setup/security_path string /ubuntu14.04d-i debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated string true#packagetasksel tasksel/first multiselect standardd-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server vimd-i pkgsel/install-language-support boolean falsed-i pkgsel/language-packs multiselect en, zhd-i pkgsel/update-policy select none#grubd-i grub-installer/skip boolean falsed-i lilo-installer/skip boolean trued-i grub-installer/grub2_instead_of_grup_legacy boolean trued-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean trued-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean trued-i preseed/late_command string sed -i s/PermitRootLogin without-password/PermitRootLogin yes/g /target/etc/ssh/sshd_configd