OG12 SC句子結(jié)構(gòu).doc

OG12 SC 句子結(jié)構(gòu)13. A surge in new home sales and a drop in weeklyunemployment claims suggest that the economy mightnot be as weak as some analysts previously thought. (A) claims suggest that the economy might not beas weak as some analysts previously thought(B) claims suggests that the economy might notbe so weak as some analysts have previouslythought(C) claims suggest that the economy might not beas weak as have been previously thought bysome analysts(D) claims, suggesting about the economy that itmight not be so weak as previously thought bysome analysts(A)(E) claims, suggesting the economy might not be asweak as previously thought to be by someanalysts解釋：名詞性從句that引導， Suggestthat，主語不是人，suggest是表明，不是建議，不用虛擬。that從句優(yōu)于介詞about，介詞名詞，難以表達豐富的信息量。D中沒有謂語suggesting非謂語。動詞時態(tài)： previously，originally用過去時， BC 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，錯誤。被動語法，沒有必要無端使用，但是慎用此法A主動C被動。18. Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbon than arefungi, in the form of carbon dioxide, and converting itto energy-rich sugars. (A) Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbonthan are fungi,(B) Plants are more efficient at acquiring carbonthan fungi,(C) Plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiringcarbon,(D) Plants, more efficient than fungi at acquiringcarbon,(C)(E) Plants acquire carbon more efficiently than fungi,解釋：in the form of carbon dioxide 修飾carbon， C中carbon 貼近修飾語in the form of carbon dioxide，ABE中變成了修飾fungi。D中無謂語動詞，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。19. The Iroquois were primarily planters, but supplementingtheir cultivation of maize, squash, and beans withfishing and hunting. (A) but supplementing(B) and had supplemented(C) and even though they supplemented(D) although they supplemented(D)(E) but with supplementing解釋：此題體現(xiàn)兩種邏輯關(guān)系 ：Primarily主要， Supplementing補充。 、主從關(guān)系：是主從關(guān)系，不是并列關(guān)系，不能使用but/and。即And/ but 表示并列，不能表示出主從關(guān)系， 邏輯上Although/even though表示主從，不能和表并列and連用。在語法上，Although連詞不能和連詞and接連使用。 、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系： ING邏輯思維，表示延展，不能表示轉(zhuǎn)折讓步， Although表示出主從關(guān)系，而且含有轉(zhuǎn)折讓步含義。在關(guān)于后面分句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)上，The Iroquois were primarily planters，這里面的were是系動詞。而but the Iroquois were supplementing這里面的were是助動詞，兩個were功能不同，不可共用，即后面那個不可以省略。而且就算這么補了，時態(tài)確實也不對。另外A,E里面用了supplementing和with supplementing如果本意是想表示伴隨，但是前面是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而且supplementing和with supplementing前面各自都有連詞，所以不可能做伴隨狀語。故，錯誤。C選項的even though使句子不完整，還缺一個主句。21. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years about the brainand its development from birth to adulthood, are nowdrawing solid conclusions about how the human braingrows and how babies acquire language. (A) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years aboutthe brain and its development from birth toadulthood, are(B) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge about the brain and its developmentfrom birth to adulthood over the past twentyyears, and are(C) Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledgeabout the brain and its development from birthto adulthood over the past twenty years, and are(D) Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years aboutthe brain and its development from birth toadulthood,(A)(E) Neuroscientists have amassed, over the pasttwenty years, a wealth of knowledge about thebrain and its development from birth toadulthood,解釋：謂語有且只有一個，BC 中，and 連詞前面沒有謂語動詞，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不對。23. In a previous design, the weight of the discus used intrack competition is concentrated in a metal center,but now it is lined with lead around the perimeter,thereby improving stability in flight and resulting inlonger throws. (A) In a previous design, the weight of the discusused in track competition is concentrated in ametal center, but now it is(B) According to a previous design, the weight ofthe discus used in track competition wasconcentrated in a metal center, but now it is(C) Once designed with its weight concentratedin a metal center, the discus used in trackcompetition is now(D) The discus used in track competition, oncedesigned with its weight concentrated in a metalcenter, but now(C)(E) The discus used in track competition was oncedesigned having its weight concentrated in ametal center and now解釋：DE中缺少謂語動詞，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。35. Along with the drop in producer prices announcedyesterday, the strong retail sales figures releasedtoday seem like it is indicative that the economy,although growing slowly, is not nearing a recession. (A) like it is indicative that(B) as if to indicate(C) to indicate that(D) indicative of(C)(E) like an indication of解釋：As if 連接詞，連接方式狀語從句，好像，不接To do。同根動詞優(yōu)先： indicate 優(yōu)于indicative，優(yōu)于indication。that優(yōu)于of: 從句優(yōu)于介詞，表達豐富意思. 技巧：看到后面很長，用that從句。在此句中，seem應該接不定式。句中涉及到seem一詞，其用法很多，它的后面可以接形容詞、介詞短語、as if從句、that 從句，還可以接名詞、不定式、過去分詞、等。seem是連系動詞，意思是好像、似乎、看來好像、覺得似乎。seem表示說話人主觀的判斷或表示主語可能的情況?！咀⒁狻吭贗t seems/seemed as if.句型中，從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣來表示所設想的事情不可能發(fā)生。例如：It seems as if she had read this novel.看來她好像看過這本小說。但如果句中的情況可能發(fā)生或可能被設想為真實，則仍然用陳述語氣。例如：It seems as if our team is going to win.看來我們隊要勝了。39. In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage toQueen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn. (A) so as to marry(B) and so could be married to(C) to be married to(D) so that he could marry(D)(E) in order that he would marry解釋：to do或者in order to這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，是需要邏輯主語的。如果變成in order to，盡管我們會想這個詞的邏輯主語應該是Henry，但是這是需要我們做一步推測的，就是需要去判斷、或者說決定、去思考一下。而像D，so that he could marry這里就明確的把he點出來了，很明確。所以在這點上，so that更占優(yōu)。so as to 有as存在，使得其具有連詞詞性，把前后徹底的隔開。他想表達的目的不一定是謂語動詞的目的。這里可以是sought的目的，也可以是have xx annulled的。分別表示尋求離婚的目的是結(jié)婚，和離婚目的是結(jié)婚to do目的狀語表示謂語動詞的目的。so as to 若想無歧義，前面要只有一個發(fā)出者發(fā)出一個動作。不過這時候也沒to do簡潔。句子要表達的是目的，而B改為并列，改變了句子重心。be married to 表示狀態(tài)，get married to 表示動作，c答案是表示動作所以be married to 不對。除了這點，C里面前面是動作，to be married卻表達一個狀態(tài)，中間必須要有連接詞。同樣的C里面確實存在跟A一樣的邏輯主語問題。43. Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britainbut only four million in population, where many aremembers of hill tribes ensconced in the virtuallyinaccessible mountain valleys of the north. (A) about the same as Great Britain but only fourmillion in population, where many(B) of about the same size as Great Britain is, but inLaos there is a population of only four million,and many(C) that is about the same size as Great Britainsland area, but in Laos with a population of onlyfour million people, many of them(D) comparable to the size of Great Britain, but onlyfour million in population, and many(E)(E) comparable to that of Great Britain but apopulation of only four million people, many ofwhom解釋：指代人用whom，不能用where。C選項的But后面接介詞不對，應該接句子，many of them前面也少了連詞，而且them沒有指代對象。45. Quasars, at billions of light-years from Earth the mostdistant observable objects in the universe, believed tobe the cores of galaxies in an early stage ofdevelopment. (A) believed to be(B) are believed to be(C) some believe them to be(D) some believe they are(B)(E) it is believed that they are解釋：有且只有一個謂語， 要先找到謂語，只有B47. Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in westernScotland this summer, bringing to 34 the number ofwild birds successfully raised since transplants fromNorway began in 1975. (A) bringing(B) and brings(C) and it brings(D) and it brought(A)(E) and brought解釋：表示前面一段話對后面的影響用ING或同位語，選A。代詞不能指代前面整件事CD錯。邏輯思維： 五只小海鷹是不能發(fā)出E brought 的動作，怎么能說“an action that happens at the same time as the action in the main Clause“。是五只小海鷹離開巢穴的結(jié)果導致的bring。有前后因果關(guān)系，而不是同時伴隨關(guān)系。解題技巧：SVO, doing結(jié)構(gòu)兩種情況。一、伴隨，Doing修飾S；二、結(jié)果，Doing修飾SVO。48. In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of theIliad, a work that, taking him seven years untilcompletion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson-Popes contemporary, pronounced the greatesttranslation in any language. (A) his translation of the Iliad, a work that, takinghim seven years until completion, and thatliterary critic Samuel Johnson, Popescontemporary, pronounced(B) his translation of the Iliad, a work that took himseven years to complete and that literary criticSamuel Johnson, Popes contemporary,pronounced(C) his translation of the Iliad, a work that had takenseven years to complete and that literary criticSamuel Johnson, Popes contemporary,pronounced it as(D) translating the Iliad, a work that took sevenyears until completion and that literary criticSamuel Johnson, Popes contemporary,pronounced it as(B)(E) translating the Iliad, a work that had taken sevenyears to complete and literary critic SamuelJohnson, Popes contemporary, pronounced it解釋：代詞敏感，C中it多余，有that從句。同位語從句，從句必有完整主謂過去完成時敏感，此句沒有理由過去時變成過去完成時，CE錯。50. According to some analysts, the gains in the stockmarket reflect growing confidence that the economywill avoid the recession that many had feared earlier inthe year and instead come in for a soft landing,followed by a gradual increase in business activity. (A) that the economy will avoid the recessionthat many had feared earlier in the year andinstead come(B) in the economy to avoid the recession, whatmany feared earlier in the year, rather to come(C) in the economys ability to avoid the recession,something earlier in the year many had feared,and instead to come(D) in the economy to avoid the recession manywere fearing earlier in the year, and ratherto come(A)(E) that the economy will avoid the recession thatwas feared earlier this year by many, with itinstead coming解釋：B,C,D 的前五個單詞使to avoid的修飾對象成了confidence。B中的What不能引導定語從句。C中的earlier in the year在這個地方有歧義，并且我們很容易在這個地方忽略一點，會根據(jù)平行自己想當然的認為，是economy come in for a soft landing，但是此選項說的是ability，并且前面的中心詞是confidence，confidence是不會come in for的，明顯是不符合邏輯的。D選項的平行結(jié)構(gòu)有問題，這個地方平行的時候我們同樣很容易想當然是economy come in for a soft landing,其實不然，因為結(jié)構(gòu)是這樣的confidence( in the economy)to avoid ，and rather to come ，所以搭配是錯的，因為你可以是說信心能夠避免什么，但是不能說它接受軟著陸。一般來說that在定從中做賓語的話that需要省略，不過這里many前面的that需要補出的，為的是避免had feared和come in并列的歧義。所以無歧義凌駕于所有原則之上。對于E，讀過一遍選項感覺many突兀，細看無所指，with it instead沒有修飾對象，排除。54. The report recommended that the hospital shouldeliminate unneeded beds, expensive servicesshould be consolidated, and use space in otherhospitals. (A) should eliminate unneeded beds, expensiveservices should be consolidated, and use spacein other hospitals(B) should eliminate unneeded beds, expensiveservices should be consolidated, and otherhospitals space be used(C) should eliminate unneeded beds, expensiveservices should be consolidated, and to usespace in other hospitals(D) eliminate unneeded beds, consolidate expensiveservices, and other hospitals space used (E)(E) eliminate unneeded beds, consolidate expensiveservices, and use space in other hospitals解釋：Recommend 建議、命令、要求，should必須省略?？偨Y(jié)：下列動詞賓語后從句使用動詞原形表示虛擬，省略should1 表建議：advocate/advise/move/recommend that/Sb. suggest/propose that2 表命令：order/decree/mandate/command/demand that3 表要求：request/require/insist/Sth. require of sb. that57. That educators have not anticipated the impact ofmicrocomputer technology can hardly be said that itis their fault: Alvin Toffler, one of the most prominentstudents of the future, did not even mentionmicrocomputers in Future Shock, published in 1970. (A) That educators have not anticipated the impactof microcomputer technology can hardly be saidthat it is their fault(B) That educators have not anticipated the impactof microcomputer technology can hardly be saidto be at fault(C) It can hardly be said that it is the fault of educators who have not anticipated the impactof microcomputer technology(D) It can hardly be said that educators are at faultfor not anticipating the impact of microcomputertechnology(D)(E) The fact that educators are at fault for notanticipating the impact of microcomputertechnology can hardly be said解釋：A中一個比較明顯的錯誤是 【that(主語從句)+can hardly be said（謂語）+that（賓語從句）】。A的原句是：That educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology can hardly be said that it is their fault。把A中前面的主語從句不分還原為it做形式主語的句子后應該是：It can hardly be said that educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology that it is their fault，可以很明顯看到后面的that it is their fault是一個多余的成分，它跟隨在了前面的一個完整表意的句子之后。也就是說，本來原句應該由兩個句組成的，但是現(xiàn)在雜糅到了一起。如下，正確表意應該是以下兩個句子：句子1：It can hardly be said that educators have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology 。句子2：It can hardly be said that it is their fault。也就是說在A選項中，can hardly be said這個謂語，本應該和前后的從句各去形成一次關(guān)系，組成一個句子。但是A選項，【從句-謂語-從句】的結(jié)構(gòu)，使得這個謂語只能找一個從句去還原正常語序，所以這個句式是不對的。B選項to be xxx是非謂語動詞，主語是that從句，謂語是can hardly be said, 那么這個to be at fault的非謂語動詞在這里充當?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)不明。如果是不定式做介賓，那么不需要加to be，而只用at fault。C選項GMAT原句是意圖在表達“教育者沒有預料到電腦科技這件事情上不是他們（教育者）的錯”，而C選項表達的是“不是那些教育者的錯，哪些教育者呢？那些沒有預料到電腦科技的教育者”，一個從根本上改變了句子的意思。E中另一個錯誤同AB中一樣的就是我們看到這個句子用that引導的主語從句非常長，冗余，然后就會造成整個句子頭重腳輕。而用it is .that的形式可以避免這種頭重腳輕，一目了然。60. While all states face similar industrial waste problems,the predominating industries and the regulatoryenvironment of the states obviously determines thetypes and amounts of waste produced, as well asthe cost of disposal. (A) all states face similar industrial waste problems,the predominating industries and the regulatoryenvironment of the states obviously determines(B) each state faces a similar industrial wasteproblem, their predominant industries andregulatory environment obviously determine(C) all states face a similar industrial wasteproblem; their predominating industries andregulatory environment obviously determines(D) each state faces similar industrial wasteproblems, the predominant industries and theregulatory environment of each state obviouslydetermines(E)(E) all states face similar industrial waste problems,the predominant industries and the regulatoryenvironment of each state obviously determine解釋：Each state與All states進行比較，方能凸顯出兩者的不同，這應該是OG想表達的原意：（盡管）【所有的州】都面臨浪費問題，（然而）【每個獨立州】的浪費問題都因地制宜，各不相同。所以All 在前，Each在后形成對比。68. The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre site atTell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence forcentrally administered complex societies in northernregions of the Middle East that were arisingsimultaneously with but independently of the morecelebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, inwhat is now southern Iraq. (A) that were cut into a 500-acre site at TellHamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidencefor centrally administered complex societies innorthern regions of the Middle East that werearising simultaneously with but(B) that were cut into a 500-acre site at TellHamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence thatcentrally administered complex societies innorthern regions of the Middle East were arisingsimultaneously with but also(C) having been cut into a 500-acre site at TellHamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidencethat centrally administered complex societies innorthern regions of the Middle East were arisingsimultaneously but(D) cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria,yields strong evidence of centrally administeredcomplex societies in northern regions of theMiddle East arising simultaneously but also(E)(E) cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria,have yielded strong evidence that centrallyadministered complex societies in northernregions of the Middle East arose simultaneouslywith but 解釋：句子結(jié)構(gòu)是這樣的：The first trenches （句子主語）cut into a 500-acre siteat Tell Hamoukar，Syria,（過去分詞作定語修飾主語，溝被cut into xxx注意Tell Hamoukar，Syria 是一個專有名詞之類，逗號無意義）, have yielded strong evidence（謂語和賓語，說明被cut的溝提供了證據(jù)）that （引出后面的同位語從句或者是什么從句，反正是解釋證據(jù)的）centrally administered complex societies （從句主語soctiey，一個什么樣的社會）in northern regions of the Middle East（社會在哪）arose（從句謂語）simultaneously with but independently of （simultaneously with和independently of 并列“同時而獨立地”，說明是怎么arose的）the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia（同時又獨立的隨著啥出現(xiàn)，從句賓語，后面那個修飾前面的地名M）,in what is now southern Iraq.71. Unlike the original National Museum of Science andTechnology in Italy, where the models are encased inglass or operated only by staff members, the VirtualLeonardo Project, an online version of the museum,encourages visitors to touch each exhibit, whichthereby activates the animated functions of the piece. (A) exhibit, which thereby activates(B) exhibit, in turn an activation of(C) exhibit, and it will activate(D) exhibit and thereby activate(D)(E) exhibit which, as a result, activates解釋：AE選項的which沒有先行詞，B選項后面的句子沒有謂語動詞。D選項是省略了thereby后面的to，和to touch平行的。84. Often visible as smog, ozone is formed in theatmosphere from hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides,two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, reactwith sunlight. (A) ozone is formed in the atmosphere from(B) ozone is formed in the atmosphere when(C) ozone is formed in the atmosphere, and when(D) ozone, formed in the atmosphere when(B)(E) ozone, formed in the atmosphere from解釋：DE 主句沒有謂語。C And 從句、主句無法平行。關(guān)注未劃線接句子react是動詞，不用介詞，連詞When句子。88. Thelonious Monk, who was a jazz pianist andcomposer, produced a body of work both rooted in thestride-piano tradition of Willie (The Lion) Smith andDuke Ellington, yet in many ways he stood apart fromthe mainstream jazz repertory. (A) Thelonious Monk, who was a jazz pianist andcomposer, produced a body of work both rooted(B) Thelonious Monk, the jazz pianist and composer,produced a body of work that was rooted both(C) Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk,who produced a body of work rooted(D) Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monkproduced a body of work that was rooted(D)(E) Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monkproduced a body of work rooted both解釋：yet后面是句子，前面也要句子，C錯，不是一個句子。92. The energy source on Voyager 2 is not a nuclearreactor, in which atoms are actively broken apart;rather a kind of nuclear battery that uses naturalradioactive decay to produce power. (A) apart; rather(B) apart, but rather(C) apart, but rather that of(D) apart, but that of(B)(E) apart; it is that of解釋：如果有分號分開, 兩個分句都必須有獨立的主語與謂語。93. Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this yearthan last because refiners are paving about $