Unit 05 素材文檔.docx

College English Creative Reading3跨文化交際英語閱讀教程3Unit 5 Youth, Beauty and HealthNote on the TopicLearning Objectives1. Have a discussion of the real meaning of beauty and the vital importance of health;2. Evaluate qualities and some English sayings about health in the final activity.Before You Read 1.Watch the following video and discuss the following questions with a partner. 2.Discuss the following questions with a partner.1. According to the video, how many children less than 5 years old are now considered obese?42 million.2. According to the Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center, 5 out of 6 obese children are from developing countries or developed countries?From developing countries.3. According to the video, is it true that more people die from obesity-related diseases than from malnutrition?Yes, its true. 4.Apart from food, what other factors contribute to obesity?The Increasingly sedentary lifestyles.5. What is the systems science approach? A systems science approach views the issue from a holistic perspective. It requires an interdisciplinary task force to address all the facets underlying the obesity epidemic. Reading AYoung Peoples Perceptions of HealthGood health has always been something people strive for. As society has become increasingly more affluent our understanding of what is meant by the term “health” has been broadened beyond the notion of simply not being sick. The term now encompasses the importance of keeping fit, diet control and maintaining a good appearance. As the concept of health has expanded, so too has the market in heath products and programmes. There are now a wide array of health foods, dietary supplements and fitness classes available. The widening concept of healthcare has become part of the way young people think about their lives and the choices they have to make as they mature. To gain more information on young peoples perception of health, an opinion survey was conducted among the youth using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Researchers also read extensively in the subject area. The young people who were interviewed were encouraged to express their opinions and feelings.Key words:affluent: being rich enough to buy things for pleasure參考譯文：年輕人的健康觀念長久以來，人們認(rèn)為健康是最重要的人生目標(biāo)。隨著社會越來越富裕，人們對健康的理解已超出了原有的“不生病”的范疇。這個(gè)詞的含義現(xiàn)在已包括保持健康、控制飲食、注重外表。隨著健康概念的擴(kuò)展，健康產(chǎn)品和活動的市場也是如此。現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)了大量健康食品、飲食補(bǔ)充劑和健身班。這種正在日益放寬的健康觀念已成為年輕人考慮生活以及成年時(shí)必做的一些決定的一部分。為了獲得更多有關(guān)年輕人的健康觀念的信息，研究者們以問卷調(diào)查和深入訪問的方式對年輕人進(jìn)行民意調(diào)查。他們還在這方面進(jìn)行了廣泛閱讀。他們鼓勵(lì)受采訪的年輕人說出他們的感受和觀點(diǎn)。ReadingBIt is clear from the survey that young people today are very much concerned about their physical appearance. This issue appears to be even more important to many young people than health. Results show that the perception of health has gradually moved away from the traditional concept of absence of major illnesses. Now health is perceived in terms of fitness or slimness. According to the opinions of the respondents in the survey, a new definition of health should include physical appearance, a positive state of well-being (feeling well and healthy) and improved endurance and energy. However, the concept of slim beauty dominates the findings of the survey and the concern for physical appearance and skincare over exercise and healthy eating habits among young people has many implications for healthcare education. Key words:perceive: to understand or think about something in a particular way 參考譯文：調(diào)查結(jié)果表明現(xiàn)在的年輕人十分關(guān)注他們的外表。外表對許多年輕人而言似乎比健康更重要。調(diào)查結(jié)果還顯示現(xiàn)代人的健康觀念已漸漸偏離傳統(tǒng)的健康觀念，即不生重病，而現(xiàn)代的健康觀念是保持健壯和苗條。根據(jù)被調(diào)查者的觀點(diǎn)，新的健康觀念應(yīng)該包括注重外表、樂觀健康、擁有更強(qiáng)的耐力和更多的精力。然而調(diào)查結(jié)果也表明大多數(shù)的年輕人以苗條為美，而且他們對外表和皮膚的關(guān)注要多于對鍛煉和健康飲食習(xí)慣的關(guān)心。這些觀念為我們的保健教育提供了諸多暗示。ReadingCClearly, the concept of health has changed in recent years. Young people no longer view health as an absence of illness, that is not being sick, but rather as something which can be judged from the way a person looks. Also, they do not see health as a quality which creates “beauty from the inside” i.e. young people perceive health mainly in terms of external factors: physical appearance especially good skin, hair and teeth and slimness. More and more young people are increasingly willing to achieve these features by a low-impact lifestyle treatments, medicines and dietary supplements rather than by adopting good habits of eating well and exercising regularly.參考譯文：很明顯，近幾年來，人們的健康觀念發(fā)生了改變。年輕人不再認(rèn)為不生病就是健康，而是把健康看作某種可從外貌判斷的東西。他們也不把健康看作一種可以產(chǎn)生內(nèi)在美的品質(zhì)，相反，他們在理解健康時(shí)側(cè)重外在的因素：外表(尤其是皮膚、頭發(fā)和牙齒要好)和苗條。年輕人越來越愿意通過一種低沖擊的生活方式來達(dá)到這些身體特征，即通過治療、藥物及食補(bǔ)來達(dá)到健康的目的，而不是通過良好的飲食習(xí)慣和定期鍛煉。Reading DOne of the most revealing findings of the study was that more than 30% of respondents felt that they were overweight and reported using weight-control products and/or joining a weight-control programme. In most instances, these products and programmes were not being used in conjunction with a programme of regular exercise. The safety of the weight-control products (which might be slimming pills or special powders or teas) was not a concern and most respondents reported thata particular product had been recommended to them by friends. A significant minority (16%), however, had learnt about the products they were using from advertisements. Some 88% felt that the products they used were safe and would have no long-term negative effects on health. Weight-control products and programmes, then, are rarely supervised by recognized and independent professionals in the field of nutrition or even by parents. Indeed, most respondents informed the researchers that they did not tell their parents about using a weight-control substance.Key words:nutrition: the science of food and its effects on health and growth 參考譯文：這項(xiàng)研究中最驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)是30%以上的答卷者認(rèn)為他們過胖，并說他們正在使用控制體重的產(chǎn)品或者參加了某個(gè)體重控制計(jì)劃，有些人則兼而試之。大多數(shù)人在使用這些產(chǎn)品、加入這些計(jì)劃的同時(shí)并沒有輔助以定期的鍛煉計(jì)劃。這種控制體重的產(chǎn)品(可能是減肥丸、特效藥或減肥茶)是否安全可靠并沒有受到考慮，大多數(shù)被調(diào)查者說這樣那樣的特效藥是他們的朋友推薦的。還有少數(shù)人(16%)是從廣告中得知他們正在使用的這些減肥產(chǎn)品的，這是一個(gè)不小的數(shù)字。這些人中大約88%的人覺得他們使用的產(chǎn)品是安全的，不會對健康產(chǎn)生長期的不良影響。而這些減肥產(chǎn)品的使用、減肥計(jì)劃的實(shí)行很少是在營養(yǎng)方面的認(rèn)證專家的監(jiān)督下進(jìn)行的，有的甚至連父母都不知道。事實(shí)上，大多數(shù)被調(diào)查者都說他們沒有告訴父母他們在使用減肥品。ReadEAchieving the ideal of slim beauty does not necessarily involve the subjects of our study in programmes of exercise. In fact, the survey results show that only about a quarter of young people regularly, although nearly a third work out occasionally. Almost 14% of the young people work out surveyed never worked out. Those who did work out normally did so in a park or playground. Few of the respondents had become members of gyms and the usual reason given was that whilemembership of these facilities was highly desirable, they were far too expensive for most young people.Key Words:ideal: of the best or most suitable typework out: to do physical exercise as a way of keeping fit參考譯文：為了達(dá)到苗條的目的，被調(diào)查者未必會進(jìn)行鍛煉。事實(shí)上，調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示大約只有1/4的年輕人會定期鍛煉，而將近1/3的人是偶爾鍛煉。被調(diào)查的年輕人中幾乎有14%的人從來不鍛煉身體。那些會定期鍛煉身體的人通常是在公園或操場上鍛煉的。只有少數(shù)人是健身俱樂部的成員，他們通常給出的理由是盡管這些健身器材十分吸引人，但是對年輕人而言價(jià)格實(shí)在太高了。ReadingFThe survey also questioned respondents about their food intake. The majority reported eating only one main meal per day the evening meal. Breakfast for those who did have more than one meal tended just to be a cake or bun of some kind and something to drink. Lunch was usually more substantial; noodles perhaps with some meat and vegetables or a hamburger with chips. But small portions were the norm for young people in the survey and this was because most of them spent only thirty minutes on lunch before returning to their studies. When questioned about whether they thought they were getting enough minerals and vitamins every day, the majority of respondents said they did not know, although 21% said they were taking vitamin supplements of various kinds. What respondents typically eat, as well as when they eat, is clearly a cause for concern.Key Words:respondent: someone who answers questions, especially on a questionnaire參考譯文：調(diào)查也涉及年輕人的食物攝取問題。大多數(shù)人說他們一天只吃一頓主食就是晚餐。那些不止吃一頓飯的人的早餐就是一塊蛋糕或者一個(gè)小圓面包，外加點(diǎn)飲料。午飯通常要豐盛些，也許是面條加蔬菜和肉，或者是漢堡包加炸薯?xiàng)l。但被調(diào)查的年輕人的午餐分量一般較少，這是因?yàn)樵诶^續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)之前大多數(shù)人只有半小時(shí)可以吃午飯。當(dāng)問到他們是否想過每天攝入的礦物質(zhì)和維生素是否足夠時(shí)，大多數(shù)人回答不知道。其中有21%的人說他們在吃各種各樣的維生素來補(bǔ)充營養(yǎng)。很明顯，被調(diào)查者吃什么、何時(shí)吃是一個(gè)應(yīng)得到關(guān)注的問題。Reading GSurvey results also indicate that our younger generation pay little regard to their medical condition; more than three-quarters of the respondents had not had a medical check-up in the last two years. A further point of concern is that 15% of those surveyed reported that they were either regular or occasional smokers. This shows quite clearly that health awareness as a preventative measure against later problems is not strong among young people.參考譯文：調(diào)查結(jié)果也顯示年輕的下一代不太關(guān)注他們的醫(yī)療狀況。過去兩年里，3/4以上的被調(diào)查者沒有體檢。更需要關(guān)注的一個(gè)調(diào)查結(jié)果是15%的被調(diào)查者說他們經(jīng)?；蛘吲紶栁鼰?。這很顯地表明年輕人中防患于未然的健康意識很淡薄。ReadingHA final and very important point concerns sleep, and in this connection the survey findings reveal some alarming habits, especially with regard to the time young people actually go to bed. Roughly three-quarters of the young people surveyed went to bed later than 11.00 p.m. and nearly a quarter at or after 1.00 a.m. This delay in going to bed is caused by a number of factors: watching TV, playing computer games or using the Internet are significant factors, but so is homework. Nearly one-third of the young people in the study reported that they regularly began their homework at around 10.00 p.m. and continued for two to three hours. The effect of going to bed late is the build-up of a “sleep deficit” which is bound to affect concentration and performance levels the next day.Key words:alarming: frightening or worryingdeficit: the amount by which something is less than required參考譯文：最后并且很重要的一點(diǎn)是關(guān)于睡眠的。關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，調(diào)查結(jié)果揭示了一些令人警覺的生活習(xí)慣，尤其是關(guān)于年輕人晚上實(shí)際睡覺的時(shí)間。被調(diào)查的年輕人中大約有3/4的人在11點(diǎn)以后上床睡覺。接近1/4的人在1點(diǎn)或更晚入睡。入睡晚的原因多種多樣：看電視、玩電腦游戲、上網(wǎng)等是主要原因，還有的是為了做家庭作業(yè)。有約1/3的年輕人說他們常常在10點(diǎn)左右開始做作業(yè)，一般要做2到3個(gè)小時(shí)。晚睡的結(jié)果是人體越來越缺乏睡眠，這勢必會影響第二天的注意力集中和工作表現(xiàn)。Reading IThe destructive trends identified by our research need to be resisted using a mixture of legislation and education. Clearly, advertisements for potentially dangerous products such as slimming pills and the skin-whitening products that have become so popular among young women should be regulated by law. This would force manufacturers either not to advertise or, if they did, to provide any necessary warnings about the composition and side effects of the products. There is surely a need for governments to regard slimming substances as drugs rather than as food supplements especially if they contain recognized medical or pharmaceutical chemicals and to ensure that they undergo clinical trials. If it is felt that it is not appropriate to reclassify these substances as drugs if they do not contain pharmaceutical chemicals, then a new classification could be created for them, one that is monitored closely by governments. The term “dietary supplement” (used to classify weight-loss products by the respected Food and Drug Administration of the USA) would surely be a good model for the world to follow.參考譯文：我們的調(diào)查反映了一些不良的趨勢。要抵制這些趨勢，我們必須采用法律和教育這兩方面的措施。減肥藥和在年輕婦女中十分流行的增白護(hù)膚品都有可能對人體有害。顯然，此類產(chǎn)品的廣告應(yīng)受到法律的管理。這就會迫使生產(chǎn)者要么不做廣告，要么在廣告中針對產(chǎn)品的成分和副作用提出必要的警告。各國政府應(yīng)將減肥產(chǎn)品看作是藥品而不是食品補(bǔ)充劑，尤其是有些產(chǎn)品已確認(rèn)含有醫(yī)藥成分，則更需要進(jìn)行臨床試驗(yàn)。要是有的產(chǎn)品中沒有醫(yī)藥成分，認(rèn)為將它們重新分類為藥品不合適，我們也應(yīng)該將它們歸為新的一類，我們的政府還應(yīng)嚴(yán)密監(jiān)督這類產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)和銷售。頗有權(quán)威的美國食品和藥品局曾將減肥產(chǎn)品歸為飲食補(bǔ)充劑一類，這無疑為全世界樹立了一個(gè)好榜樣。Reading JAnother important step which governments should take as soon as possible is to raise the health awareness of young people through improved health education. Most primary and secondary school syllabuses worldwide cover a wide range of health related topics such as personal hygiene, eating a balanced diet, common diseases and nutrition. However, health subjects should be made much more interesting in schools and this could be done by bringing experts into schools to give talks on the importance of healthy eating and regular exercise. Video programmes could also be used to demonstrate different kinds of exercise. It may also be useful for students to listen to talks given by people who are suffering from poor health as the result of a bad habit such as smoking.參考譯文：政府應(yīng)盡快采取的另一重要步驟是通過教育來提高年輕人的健康意識。全世界大多數(shù)中小學(xué)的教學(xué)大綱包括很多與健康有關(guān)的話題，例如個(gè)人衛(wèi)生、飲食均衡、普通的疾病和營養(yǎng)。但是，我們可以使學(xué)校里與健康有關(guān)的學(xué)科變得更有趣些。我們可以請些專家來學(xué)校做些講座，講一講健康飲食和日常鍛煉的重要性。還可以播放錄像節(jié)目，展示不同的鍛煉方式。請一些因吸煙等壞習(xí)慣而導(dǎo)致健康惡化的人來講講他們的經(jīng)歷也可對學(xué)生有所幫助。Reading KFinally, what can young people themselves do to increase their prospects of long-lasting good health? There is nothing wrong with wanting to achieve the best possible appearance, but the means of achieving that appearance do matter. Health should begin inside the body and this means developing good habits such as combining a balanced diet with a regular programme of exercise. The exercise does not have to be anything too hard. Most doctors advise young people to play a sport or game they enjoy and incidentally dancing is an excellent form of exercise. But the programme needs to be regular at least three 30-minute sessions per week and the diet also needs to be regular; three equal and moderate meals a day is far better than one large meal eaten late in the day! Another way young people can help themselves to become healthier is by paying attention to their sleeping habits both the amount of sleep and the quality of that sleep. Research has proved conclusively that the majority of people need between 7 and 9 hours sleep per night and that the sleep obtained before 1.00 a.m. is deeper and more refreshing than that which comes later. This medical finding has obvious implications for the way young people organize their lives. The sleep requirement established by scientists means that time has to be better managed and activities have to be prioritized.參考譯文：最后，年輕人自己能做點(diǎn)什么來使他們的健康持續(xù)更久呢？想使外表看上去處于最佳狀態(tài)并沒有錯(cuò)，但問題的關(guān)鍵是通過何種方法達(dá)到這一目的。健康應(yīng)是由內(nèi)開始。這意味著要培養(yǎng)好的習(xí)慣，例如飲食均衡而且定期鍛煉，不必進(jìn)行很難的鍛煉。多數(shù)醫(yī)生建議年輕人玩自己喜歡的體育活動，偶爾跳跳舞是很好的鍛煉方式。但鍛煉必須定期進(jìn)行至少每周三次，每次半個(gè)小時(shí)飲食也必須有規(guī)律。三餐均衡且適量比晚餐時(shí)飽餐一頓要好得多。另一個(gè)年輕人能使自己更健康的做法是注意自己的睡眠習(xí)慣，這既包括睡眠數(shù)量又包括質(zhì)量。研究結(jié)果表明大多數(shù)人每晚需要睡7到9個(gè)小時(shí)。而且午夜1點(diǎn)以前入睡會睡得較熟，比1點(diǎn)后入睡更能解除疲勞。這項(xiàng)醫(yī)學(xué)結(jié)果已為年輕人如何組織他們的生活提供了明顯的提示。科學(xué)家們給出的睡眠需求說明年輕人應(yīng)該確保睡眠的時(shí)間，而有些活動可以適量取消。ReadingLThe final piece of advice to young people is dont be afraid of the doctor! Doctors are not just for old people and doctors do more than just heal the sick. All doctors believe in preventative medicine if a problem is detected early enough it can usually be dealt with successfully and long-term problems can be prevented from developing. But preventative medicine does rely on people taking the initiative by going for regular medical check-ups.參考譯文：給年輕人的最后一條建議：不要害怕看醫(yī)生。醫(yī)生不僅是為老年人服務(wù)的。除了治病外他們有很多可以做的。所有的醫(yī)生都愿意用預(yù)防性藥物。如果問題發(fā)現(xiàn)得足夠早，通?？梢暂^成功地治療，可以防止發(fā)生長期的問題。但是只有定期去做醫(yī)檢、主動關(guān)心健康的人才可能及時(shí)得到預(yù)防藥的治療。Understanding the TextPart A: Comprehending the TextAnswer the following questions.1. What type of text is this overall?p Cause and effect.p Compare and contrast. p Problem and solution.p Classification.2. The text appears to be organized broadly into two parts. Which section marks the authors transition from the first part to the second?Section I.3. Choose the statement which most accurately summarizes the authors purpose in writing the first part.p To report the results of a survey of the health perceptions of young people.p To raise the problem of unhealthy eating habits among the young.p To present a critical review of health perceptions among young people.p To develop a discussion of young peoples problems with drugs.4. Choose the statement which most accurately summarizes the authors purpose in writing the second part.p To discuss governments role in changing young peoples perceptions of health.p To suggest ways to improve young peoples perceptions of health.p To present evidence of young peoples poor sleeping habits.p To discuss the action young people can take to improve their health.Part B: Identifying Main PointsEach of the ten statements below contains information given in one of the sections in the text. Each section is marked with a letter. Have students identify the section from which the information is derived.A 1. Good health as a concept is now broader than it used to be.I 2. Advertisements for possibly dangerous medicines and cosmetics should be controlled by law.K 3. Having a good diet and regular exercise is a winning combination.H 4. About 75% of young people go to bed quite late.D 5. The vast majority of young people who use weight-control products feel that these products are safe.C 6. Young people tend to judge health by a persons physical appearance.L 7. Regular medical check-ups are not just for the elderly.B 8. Most young people want to be slim and beautiful.D 9. About a third of the young people surveyed felt that they were overweight.H 10. Nearly 25% of the young people surveyed go to bed the following morning.Part C: Selecting Best ChoicesThe paragraph below has been taken from the text but includes ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of words in the word bank provided. You may not use any of the words in the word bank more than once.Word BankA)awareB)emphasis onC)enhancedD)factorE)findingsF)hazardousG)worry aboutH)interested inI)lackJ)notionK)participantsL)quicklyM)staminaN)steadilyO)topicIt is clear from the survey that young people today are very much _H_ their physical appearance. This _O_ appears to be even more important to many young people than health. _E_ show that the perception of health has _N_ moved away from the traditional concept of _I_ of major illness. Now health is perceived in terms of fitness or slimness. According to the opinions of the _K_ in the survey, a new definition of health should include physical appearance, a p