F4 專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯.docx

Part ACommon law and equity普通法與衡平法Statute law成文法Criminal law and civil law刑法與民法Appeal上訴Majistrate court治安法院County court郡法院Crown court刑事法院High court高等法院Court of appeal上訴法院House of lord上議院Indictable offence可起訴的犯罪Summary offence簡(jiǎn)易程序罪行Queens bench division王座法庭Chancery division大法官法庭Family division家事法庭Small claim track小額索賠軌道Fast claim track快速索賠軌道Multi track多重索賠軌道arbitration仲裁Human right人權(quán)法precedent先例Binding precedent=stare decisis先例約束Ratio decidendi判決理由Obiter dicta附告意見(jiàn)Legislation=statute law法律、成文法parliament議會(huì)Delegated legislation授權(quán)立法Orders in council委員會(huì)命令Statutory instrument制定法文件Bye-laws地方法規(guī)Statutory interpretation制定法解釋The literal rule字面解釋規(guī)則The golden rule黃金規(guī)則The mischief rule按目的解釋規(guī)則PartBcontract合同Offer要約Acceptance承諾consideration對(duì)價(jià)intention意圖capacity合同能力Invitation to treat要約邀請(qǐng)Termination of offers要約的終止Counter-offer反要約Revocation of an offer撤銷(xiāo)要約Unilateral contract單邊合同Collateral contract附屬合同（附屬擔(dān)保品合同）Executed consideration已履行的對(duì)價(jià)Executory consideration待履行的對(duì)價(jià)Past consideration過(guò)去的對(duì)價(jià)Consideration must be sufficient but may not beadequate對(duì)價(jià)必須充分（有價(jià)值），但不必充足Performance of exsiting duties履行既存義務(wù)Promissory estoppel允諾禁反言原則Domestic agreement家庭協(xié)議Commercial agreement商業(yè)協(xié)議Privity of contract合同的相對(duì)性Contract terms合同條款Express terms明示條款I(lǐng)mplied terms暗示條款Conditions條件條款Warranties保證條款I(lǐng)nnominate term中間條款Exclusion clause免責(zé)條款Has the exclusion clause been incorporated into thecontract免責(zé)條款已并入合同了嗎Signature（當(dāng)事人在合同上）簽字Notice（提醒對(duì)方）注意（免責(zé)條款）Consistent dealing系列交易Any uncertainty or ambiguity in the exclusion clause must beinterpreted against the person seeking to rely onit如果免責(zé)條款存在任何含糊不清之處，法院將作出不利于提出免責(zé)條款當(dāng)事人的解釋 Follow us on wechat關(guān)注公眾號(hào)-ACCA考友論壇Discharge of contract解除合同Breach of contract合同違約Repudiatory breach能夠斷絕合同關(guān)系的違約Anticipatory breach預(yù)期違約Remedies for breach of contract違約行為的補(bǔ)救Damages損害賠償Remoteness of damages間接損失陪償Measure of damages直接損失陪償Liquidated damages實(shí)際損失penalties懲罰Specific performance特定履行injunction禁令rescission廢除、取消Tort侵權(quán)The tort of negligence過(guò)失侵權(quán)Duty of care審慎義務(wù)Contributory negligence共同侵權(quán)Volentiacceptence non fit injuria=voluntary acceptance ofrisks自愿接受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)PartCindemnify補(bǔ)償Dismissal解雇redundancy冗員Notice通知Wrongful dismissal非法解雇Unfair dismissal 不公平解雇Constructive dismissal推定解雇Re-instatement 復(fù)職Re-engagement再就業(yè)compensation 補(bǔ)償PartDAgency代理Ractification 追認(rèn)Agency by estoppel 不容否認(rèn)代理Actual authority 實(shí)際授權(quán)Apparent/ostensible 推定代理Warrant of authority代理權(quán)保證Partnership 合伙Severally and jointly liable 個(gè)別及連帶責(zé)任Limited partnership有限合伙企業(yè)LLP（limited liability partnership） 有限責(zé)任合伙企業(yè)Legal identity 法律身份Legal personality 法律人格Limited liability有限責(zé)任Unlimited company 無(wú)限責(zé)任公司Limited company 有限責(zé)任公司Limited by share 依股票成立有限公司Limited by guarantee 依保證成立有限公司Private companies私人公司Public limited companies公眾有限責(zé)任公司Registration 登記Certificate of registration 登記的資格證書(shū)Trading certificate 交易證書(shū)Lifting the veil of incorporation 揭開(kāi)公司面紗Quoted/listed company上市公司Parent company母公司Subsidiary company子公司Promoter發(fā)起人Registrar of company公司登記機(jī)關(guān)Memorandum of association公司的基本章程Articles of association公司的附屬章程Statement of compliance 法定聲明Constitution of company公司憲章Company “off the shelf”現(xiàn)成的公司（殼公司）Bona fide真實(shí)的，有誠(chéng)意的Ultra vire 超越權(quán)限Passing-off action假冒、冒名Capital資本PartEShare capital股本Nominal value 名義價(jià)值Ordinary share 普通股Preference share優(yōu)先股Redeemable share可贖回股Authorised share capital法定資本Called-up capital催繳股本Paid-up capital實(shí)繳股本Class rights are rights attached to particular types ofshares集體權(quán)利是依附于特定類(lèi)型的股份的權(quán)利minority少數(shù)股東Variation of class rights集體權(quán)利的變更Follow us on wechat 關(guān)注公眾號(hào)-ACCA考友論壇Allotment of shares股份分配Issue of shares 股份發(fā)行Pre-emption right優(yōu)先認(rèn)購(gòu)權(quán)Bonus issue 發(fā)行紅股/股票股利Rights issue認(rèn)股權(quán)發(fā)行/配股Loan capital 借貸資本Debentures債券Charges抵押Fixed charge 固定抵押Floating charge 浮動(dòng)抵押Crystallization of a floating charge浮動(dòng)抵押的明確化Capital maintenance 資本保全Solvency償付能力Issue shares at a premium溢價(jià)發(fā)行股票Issue shares at a discount折價(jià)發(fā)行股票Underwriting fees承銷(xiāo)費(fèi)用Stringent 嚴(yán)格的Distribute dividend派發(fā)股息Accumulated realized profit 累計(jì)已變現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)Accumulated realized profit累計(jì)已變現(xiàn)損失Undistributable reserves不可分配準(zhǔn)備PartFDirector董事Board of director 董事會(huì)Shadow director 影子董事Executive director 執(zhí)行董事Non-executive director 非執(zhí)行董事Managing director 常務(wù)董事Board of directors董事會(huì)Remuneration of directors 董事的薪酬Vacation of office(董事的)離職Disqualification of director取消董事資格Fiduciary duty受托責(zé)任Conflict of interest利益沖突Fraudulent trading欺詐性交易Wrongful trading不法交易Eligibility as auditor 審計(jì)人員的任職資格Annual general meeting 年度全體會(huì)議Extraordinary general meeting 臨時(shí)全體會(huì)議resolution 決議Ordinary resolution 普通決議Special resolution 特別決議Written resolution 書(shū)面決議Notice 通知Special notice特別通知The chairman會(huì)議主席Quorum 法定人數(shù)vote 表決proxies 表決代理人Minutes 會(huì)議記錄PartGinsolvency 破產(chǎn)liquidation 清算Winding up 清算A members voluntary winding up 股東的自愿清算Creditors voluntary winding up 債權(quán)人的自愿清算Compulsory liquidation 強(qiáng)制清算liquidator 清算人administration 財(cái)產(chǎn)管理PartHCorporate governance 公司治理stakeholder 利益相關(guān)人Financial statement財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表Voluntary