2017初中語法專題講解及練習(xí)---被動(dòng)語態(tài)(有答案).docx

被動(dòng)語態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容一、基本概念語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如果主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，要用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。二、基本分類（使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況）不知道：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。沒必要：Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小時(shí)睡眠必須得到保證。 需強(qiáng)調(diào)：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越來越多的人說漢語。過去分詞表被動(dòng)，是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的標(biāo)志。被動(dòng)被動(dòng)be在動(dòng)：反映時(shí)態(tài)變化三、用法詳解 1、構(gòu)成：be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞 be + done am/is/arewas/were am/is/are + being done was/were + being will/be going to + be have/has /had + been can/must/may/need be to be時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)例句主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/ doesam/is/are doneWe clean the classroom.The classroom is cleaned by us.一般過去時(shí)didwas/were doneHe made the kite.The kite was made by him.一般將來時(shí)will/shall/be going to dowill/shall/be going to be doneThey will plat trees tomorrow.Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has donehave/has been doneJim has finished the work.The work has been finished by Jim.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must docan/may/must be doneIcan find him.He can be found by me.2、解題步驟1）第一步： 判斷正確的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：be + done 2）第二步： 根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語判斷時(shí)態(tài)，選出正確答案。【小試牛刀】1. Today, computers are really helpful. They _ everywhere.A. useB. are used C. used D. were used2. Many accidents _ by careless drivers last years. A. are caused B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause3. The road _ last year. A. buildsB. built C. was built D. is built答案：BBC3、五項(xiàng)注意1）不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：無賓語何來被動(dòng) What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2）變被動(dòng)還原to：四看三使兩聽一感覺 A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.3）雙賓變被動(dòng)：直賓（物）作主語需加介詞He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father.4）短語是整體：勿忘介詞或副詞We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day.5）復(fù)合賓語變被動(dòng)：賓語變主語，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ) I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.4、主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)1）need, want, require（要求，需要）/ deserve(應(yīng)得，值得), be worth值得）The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。 The old building requires repairing. 這座古建筑需要修了。 These young seedlings will require/need looking after 這些幼苗將需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的頭發(fā)該剪了。2）感官系動(dòng)詞：look, sound, taste, feel, smellUniforms look ugly on us. 我們穿著制服很難看。Moon cakes taste delicious. 月餅嘗起來很好吃。3）sell, wash, write, read, clean, cook, break, catch, drive, lock, open等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語為物。它們被用來描述主語特征，通常與well, easily等副詞連用。This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 這種鋼筆寫起來很流暢。This kind of skirt sells well here. 這種樣式的襯衫在這賣得很好。This kind of cloth washes well.這種布料很容易清洗。綜合題庫1. The mountain _ with snow all year round, so its hard to climb it. A. coveredB. was coveredC. is coveredD. covers2. Look! We cant cross the bridge. It _by some workers.A. repairs B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. is repairing3. Waste paper _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep the school clean.A. throws B. are thrown C. shouldnt be thrown D. should be thrown4.The boss made him work 14 hours a day. That means, he _ work 14 hours a day.A. was made B. made C. was making D. was made to5.Have you finished your fashion design? Not yet. Ill finish it if I _ ten more minutes. A. am given B. give C. will give D. will be given6.The sick girl _ to hospital by her mother yesterday.A. is takenB. takesC. tookD. was taken7.Many accidents _by careless drivers last year. A. are caused B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause8.Driving after drinking wine _in China.A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowed D. isnt allowed9. Soft drinks_ to children for free in some restaurants on Childrens Day. A.offer B. have offered C. are offered D. will be offered10. In many places in China, the old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government.A. is taking good care B. are taken good care of C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care11. -Did you go to Jims birthday party？ -No, I _. A. havent invited B. didnt invite C. am not invited D. wasnt invited12. At last the boy was made and began to laugh. A. stop crying B. to stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop to cry13. Do you know Lucys grandma? Of course. She is a kind woman, but she has _for about a month since she in the accident.A. been dead; was killed B. died; was killed C. been dead; killed D. died; killed14.Today a lot of information can _ online. A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving15He likes reading very muchMost of his money _on books Ais spent Bspend Cspends Dare spent16. When should I hand in my paper? Your paper must_as soon as the bell_ .A. hand in; ringsB. hand in; will ring C. be handed in; will ring D. be handed in rings17. In the past the children were made _15 hours a day. A. worked B. work C. to work D. working18. China has offered much help to Japan since it _ by the earthquake and tsunami（海嘯）A. hits B. is hit C. was hit D. will be hit19. How often do I need to feed the bird? They _