湖南省衡山縣高考英語(yǔ)暑假閱讀理解專練（9）.doc

湖南省衡山縣2016高考英語(yǔ)暑假閱讀理解專練（9）【科普知識(shí)型-閱讀理解】housed in milan, one of europes dirtiest cities, leonardo da vincis masterpiece the last supper still faces a threat from air pollution, researchers say, despite preventative measures that have significantly decreased pollutants in the church where the famous painting is on display.in 2009, italian authorities installed a heating, ventilation (通風(fēng)) and airconditioning system to protect the painting from milans polluted air. to see whether the system could improve air quality, a team of researchers led by constantinos sioutas, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the university of southern california, placed two airquality monitors inside the church for a year to collect samples from around painting. results showed the levels of fine and coarse particulates were reduced near the painting by 88 percent and 94 percent, respectively, compared with the corresponding outdoor levels. “its a spectacular reduction，” sioutas said in a statement. “it is, frankly, very impressive.”although the researchers applauded the successful decrease in particulates around da vincis painting, they warned that indoor sources of pollution may still pose a threat to the priceless painting. fatty lipids (油脂) from the skin of customers in the church appeared in significant quantities around the painting, despite the fact that visitors getting access to the artwork are strictly regulated.only a few visitors are allowed inside the church at a time, and they enter the building and can stay for only 15 minutes each. however, fatty lipids from visitors skin can combine with dust in the air and pollute the painting if they come in contact with it, says study researcher nancy daher of the university of southern california.even previous restorations of the painting may pollute its surface, daher said. tiny particulates of the wax applied during early repair efforts can be emitted from the painting, get into the air and tarnish (使失去光澤) the painting in the same manner as the fatty lipids.the researchers noted that their airsample analysis could be used as a point of reference for future studies aimed at protecting valuable artwork and artefacts.1what does the underlined word “particulates” in paragraph 2 probably mean?athe smallest parts of a chemical substance.bthings dirtier than usual.ccertain types of gas.dextremely small pieces of dirt, which cause serious pollution.2according to the text, the following factors pollute the painting except _afatty lipids from the skin btiny particles of the waxcbreath of the visitors ddust in the air3according to the researchers, which of the following is not true of their airsample analysis?a. the airsample analysis was got by gathering air in the church for a year.bthe airsample analysis showed that the painting was completely away from air pollution.cthe airsample analysis can be helpful for future studies protecting valuable artwork.dthe airsample analysis showed that the particulates around da vincis painting were decreased successfully.4what can be the best title of the text?ahow to decrease levels of particulates effectivelybthe famous painting da vincis the last supperckeeping air pollution from damaging da vincis the last supperdhow to protect artwork in households【要點(diǎn)綜述】保存在意大利米蘭市一家教堂的達(dá)芬奇名畫最后的晚餐受到空氣污染的影響。雖采取了措施使教堂空氣質(zhì)量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隱患。1d詞義猜測(cè)題。綜合分析文章及該詞所在句子，可推知該詞意為“顆粒(污染)物”。2c細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章信息可知，對(duì)名畫最后的晚餐帶來污染的因素主要有參觀者皮膚上的油脂、修復(fù)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的蠟顆粒及空氣中的灰塵等。3b細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一、二段可知，雖然教堂室內(nèi)環(huán)境大為改善，但這幅偉大的畫作仍受到各種污染物的威脅。4c主旨大意題。綜合分析文章可知，本文主要介紹如何保護(hù)達(dá)芬奇的名畫最后的晚餐免受污染物的影響，故c項(xiàng)為標(biāo)題最佳?！菊憬〗瘥愥槭?014高考英語(yǔ)第二次聯(lián)考】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（a,b,c和d)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。 ok, i said to my daughter as she bent over her afternoon bowl of rice. whats going on with you and your friend i? j. is the leader of a group of third-graders at her campa position lucy herself occupied the previous summer. now shes the one on the outs, and every day at snack time, she tells me all about it, while i offer up the unhelpful advice all summer long.shes fond of giving orders , lucy complained. shes fat, lucy mumbled（含糊地說） ineo he bowl we are going upstairs, i said, my voice cold, we are going to discuss this. and up we went. id spent the nine years since her birth getting ready for this day, the day wed have to havethe conversation about this horrible word. i knew exactly what to say to the girl on the receivingend of the teasing（嘲笑），but in all of my imaginings, it never once occurred to me that mydaughter would be the one who used the f word一fat. my daughter sat on her bed, and i sat beside her.“how would you feel if someone made funof you for something that wasnt your fault?”i began.“she could stop eating so much,”lucymumbled, mouthing the simple advice a thousand doctors and well-meaning friends and relativeshave given overweight women for years its not always that easy,”i said.“everyones different in terns of how they treat food”lucy looked at me, waiting for me to go on. i opened my mouth，then closed it. should i tell herthat, in teasing a womans weight, shes joined the long, proud tradition of critics who go after anywoman with whom they disagree by starting with youre ugly and ending with“no man wouldwant you and there must be something wrong with any man who does？should i tell her i didntcry when someone posted my picture and commented,“im sorry, but arent authors who writebooks marketed to young women supposed to be pretty?” does she need to know, now, that life isnt fair? i feel her eyes on me，waiting for an answeri dont have. words are my toolsstories are my jobits possible shell remember what i sayforever, and i have no idea what to say. so i tell her the only thing i can come up with that is absolutely truei say to my daughter,“i love you，and there is nothing you could ever do to make me not love you，but im disappointed in you right now. there are plenty of reasons for not liking someonewhat she looks like isnt one of them.” lucy nods，tears on her cheeks“i wont say that again,”she tells me，and i pull her close,pressing my nose against her hair. we are both quiet, and i dont know if i have said the rightthing. so as we sit there together, shoulder to shoulder, i pray for her to be smarti pray for her tobe strong. i pray for her to find friends，work she loves, a partner who loves her, and for the worldnot to deprive（剝奪）her of the things that make her who she is，for her life to be easy, and forher to have the strength to handle it when its not. and still, always，i pray that she will neverstruggle as ive struggled, that weight will never be her cross to bear. she may not be able to usethe word in our home, but i can use it in my headi pray that she will never get fat55，the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 indicates that lucy， a. often makes fun of her friend j. bhas turned against her friend j c gets along well with her friend j. d. has begun to compete with her friend j，56.why does the author want to discuss with lucy? a. because she wants to offer some other helpful advice. b because she has prepared the conversation for nine years. c because she is really shocked at lucys rudeness d. because she decides to tell lucy a similar story of her own57. what does the author want to tell her daughter? a. it is not easy to take the doctors advice to eat less bpeople shouldnt complain because life is unfair. c she herself was once一laughed at for her appearance. d. people shouldnt be blamed for their appearance.58it can be inferred from the passage that a. the author earns a living by writing stories b the author is a fat but good-looking woman c the author will stop loving her daughter for what she said d. the authors daughter agreed with her from.the very beginning59 we can learn from the last paragraph that a. lucydeeply moved by her mothers prayer b a mothers prayer will shape her daughters attitude towards life c. the author allows her daughter to use the f word in her head d the author hopes her daughter will never have weight trouble60 the authors attitude towards her daughter can be best described as a. loving but strict b. indifferent but patient c. satisfied and friendly d. unsatisfied and angry【參考答案】55、b 5660、cdada 閱讀理解。diana jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart. “i have two kids in college, and i want to say come home, but at the same time i want to provide them with a good education,” says jacobs.the jacobs family did work out a solution: they asked and received more aid form the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (貸款) program. they will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school. with unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the jacobs. more students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. college administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around. at the same time, tuition（學(xué)費(fèi)）continues to rise. a report from the national center for public policy and higher education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family income rose just 147%. student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade, “if we go on this way for another 25years, we wont have an affordable system of higher education,” says patrick m. callan, president of the center. “the middle class families have been financing it through debt. they will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.” financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. the good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.1. according to paragraph 1, why did the plan of jacobs family fail?a. the twins wasted too much money. b. the father was out of work.c. their saving ran out. d. the family fell apart.2. how did the jacobs manage to solve their problem?a. they asked their kids to come home.b. they borrowed $20,000 from the school.c. they encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.d. they got help from the school and the federal government.3. financial aid administrators believe that _.a. more families will face the same problem as the jacobsesb. the government will receive more letters of complaintc. college tuition fees will double soond. americas unemployment will fall4.what can we learn about the middle class families from the text?a. they blamed the government for the tuition increase.b. their income remained steady in the last decade.c. they will try their best to send kids to college.d. their debts will be paid off within 25 years.5.according to the last paragraph, the government will .a. provide most students will scholarshipsb. dismiss some financial aid administratorsc. stop the companies from making student loansd. go on providing financial support for college students【文章大意】這是一篇關(guān)于學(xué)費(fèi)貸款的文章?！緟⒖即鸢浮?-5、bdacd閱讀理解。many people think that listening is a passive business. it is just the opposite. listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. it is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well. listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. an essential part of listening well is the rule known asbracketing. bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside, stepping_into_his_or_her_shoes. moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. true communication is under way. the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.most of the time we lack this energy. even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we dont want to hear.it wasnt until toward the end of my doctor career that i have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有療效的). in about a quarter of the patients i saw, surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of the psychotherapy(心理療法), before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained. there are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, i believe, was the patients sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.66. the phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in paragraph 2 probably means _a. preparing a topic list first b. focusing on ones own mindc. directing the talk to the desired results d. experiencing the speakers inside world67what is mainly discussed in paragraph 2?a. how to listen well. b. what to listen to.c. benefits of listening. d. problems in listening.68according to the author, in communication people tend to _a. listen actively b. listen purposefully c. set aside their prejudices d. open up their inner mind69according to the author, the patients improved mainly because _a. they were taken good care of b. they knew they were truly listened toc. they had partners to talk to d. they knew the roots of problems70what type of writing is the article likely to be?a. science fiction. b. a news report. c. a medical report. d. popular science.【要點(diǎn)綜述】 本文主要介紹了傾聽的好處，并通過自己作為醫(yī)生的親身體驗(yàn)說明傾聽對(duì)于病人來說是最好的療法。66. d考查詞意猜測(cè)。由畫線短語(yǔ)所在句前部分“to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside”可推出畫線短語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是“走進(jìn)說話者的內(nèi)心世界”的意思。67. a考查段落大意。由第二段的內(nèi)容以及第二段第一、二句“l(fā)istening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. an essential part of listening well is”可知此段主要講述了如何才能聽得好。68. b考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第三段第二句“what we are usually doing is listening selectively.”可知在交流中我們傾向于有選擇地也就是有目的地聽。69. b考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有療效的)”可知真正被傾聽是最有療效的醫(yī)治方法。70. d考查推理判斷。綜觀全文，本文主要說明了傾聽的好處，故此篇文章應(yīng)該屬于通俗(大眾)科普類文章。c82013遼寧卷 -chere is an astonishing and significant fact: mental work alone cant make us tired.it sounds absurd.but a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲勞)to the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! if we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products.but if we took blood from the brain of an albert einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.so far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.the brain is totally tireless.so what makes us tired?some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes.one of englands most outstanding scientists, ja. hadfield, says, “the greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.in fact, fat