圖書管理系統(tǒng)(c語言).doc

程序設(shè)計(jì)方法課程設(shè)計(jì) 問題提出：設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)圖書館的圖書管理，具體要求如下：1錄入新采購的圖書信息，做成文件book.in，要求有良好的輸入界面；2查詢各種圖書的基本信息，設(shè)計(jì)出良好的查詢界面；3按圖書編號(hào)進(jìn)行排序，將排好序的圖書信息輸出到文件 book.out中。4統(tǒng)計(jì)各類圖書冊(cè)數(shù)、圖書館的圖書總冊(cè)數(shù)。5統(tǒng)計(jì)圖書的借閱情況。1. 需求分析對(duì)于圖書館的管理系統(tǒng)，應(yīng)該滿足以下的用戶需求：用戶能夠增加和刪除一些圖書。用戶根據(jù)一些基本信息查詢相應(yīng)的圖書，系統(tǒng)可以準(zhǔn)確輸出所有符合條件的圖書信息。用戶可以借閱和歸還圖書館中的圖書。系統(tǒng)可以對(duì)圖書做出統(tǒng)計(jì)，包括圖書總數(shù)，各類圖書數(shù)目，圖書的借閱情況。2. 設(shè)計(jì)分析定義圖書結(jié)構(gòu)體，其成員包括書名、作者、類型、出版社、價(jià)格、是否借閱（整型，1為借出，0為未借）、編號(hào)。輸入新書時(shí)，利用結(jié)構(gòu)體儲(chǔ)存書的信息，同時(shí)將新書信息以二進(jìn)制寫入book.in文件中，錄入結(jié)束后，將新書按輸入順序?qū)懭隻ook.out中，并且以原來存書的最大編號(hào)為基準(zhǔn)對(duì)新書進(jìn)行編號(hào)，這樣可以保證book.out文件存儲(chǔ)的圖書都是按編號(hào)進(jìn)行排序的。查找圖書時(shí)，獲得所查書目基本信息后，以二進(jìn)制依次讀取文件中的每一本圖書信息，并與輸入信息相比較，輸出符合信息的圖書。刪除圖書時(shí)，通過輸入的圖書編號(hào)（編號(hào)可通過查找圖書獲得）查找相應(yīng)圖書，刪除相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)并保存。借閱或歸還圖書時(shí)，通過圖書編號(hào)（編號(hào)可通過查找圖書獲得）查找相應(yīng)圖書，修改圖書的屬性（是否借閱）并保存。實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)功能時(shí)，以二進(jìn)制依次讀取文件中的每一本圖書信息，設(shè)置變量統(tǒng)計(jì)圖書類型、借閱情況和圖書總數(shù)，到文件結(jié)尾時(shí)，輸出各個(gè)變量的值。3. 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)（流程圖表示）開始?xì)g迎界面打印主菜單輸入選擇nn=1是輸入新書信息否將新書保存至book.in將book.in中圖書按編號(hào)保存至book.outn=2是選擇查找方式輸入查找圖書信息否在book.out中能找到相應(yīng)圖書否是輸出圖書信息出錯(cuò)提示n=3是輸入刪除圖書信息（編號(hào)）否是否在book.out中能找到相應(yīng)圖書出錯(cuò)提示刪除相應(yīng)圖書否是n=4選擇借書或還書操作輸入圖書信息（編號(hào)）否是否在book.out中能找到相應(yīng)圖書出錯(cuò)提示對(duì)圖書相應(yīng)屬性進(jìn)行修改n=5是統(tǒng)計(jì)book.out中總書數(shù)并輸出統(tǒng)計(jì)各類型書數(shù)并輸出否統(tǒng)計(jì)圖書借閱情況并輸出是n=0結(jié)束4. 程序代碼主函數(shù)main()int i,a; Struct book standard=a,a,000000000,0,0,a,others; FILE *fp; if(fp=fopen(book.out,r)=NULL) if(fp=fopen(book.out,wb)=NULL) printf(wrong!); exit(0); fwrite(&standard,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); fclose(fp); for(i=0;i=0;i-) if(ssi=58) ssi=0;ssi-1+; void minusone(char ss) /*圖書編號(hào)減一*/int i;if(ss8=0)ss8=9; ss7=ss7-1; else ss8=ss8-1; for(i=7;i=0;i-) if(ssi=47) ssi=9;ssi-1-; 函數(shù)save_books()將book.in的數(shù)據(jù)寫入book.out中void save_books() /*保存圖書*/FILE *fp1,*fp2;struct book oldbook,newbook;char ssl10;int n,i;if(fp2=fopen(book.out,rb+)=NULL)printf(wrong!);exit(0);if(fp1=fopen(book.in,rb)=NULL)printf(wrong!);exit(0);fseek(fp2,-100L,2);fread(&oldbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2)； /*獲得目前圖書最大編號(hào)*/strcpy(ssl,oldbook.number);fclose(fp2);fseek(fp1,-1L,2);fscanf(fp1,%d,&n);rewind(fp1);if(fp2=fopen(book.out,ab)=NULL)printf(wrong!);exit(0);for(i=1;i=n;i+)fread(&newbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp1);addone(ssl);strcpy(newbook.number,ssl); /*為新圖書編號(hào)*/fwrite(&newbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2);fclose(fp1);fclose(fp2);函數(shù)input_book將新書的信息讀入book.in中void input_books() /*從鍵盤輸入圖書函數(shù)*/FILE *fp;struct book newbook;int a=121,n=0;if(fp=fopen(book.in,wb)=NULL) printf(wrong!); exit(0); while(a=121)clrscr(); n+; printf(New book %d:n,n); printf(Name:); scanf(%s,); printf(Author:); scanf(%s,newbook.author); printf(Price:); scanf(%f,&newbook.price); printf(Type:); scanf(%s,newbook.type); printf(Press:); scanf(%s,newbook.press); newbook.isborrowed=0; strcpy(newbook.number,000000000); fwrite(&newbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); /*將圖書保存到book.in中*/ printf(continue ? (y/n); a=getch(); clrscr(); fprintf(fp,%d,n); printf(Successfully saved!nPress any key to back); fclose(fp); save_books(); getch();函數(shù)delete_book實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)圖書的刪除操作void delete_book() /*刪除圖書函數(shù)*/long int totalbook,i;int done=0;char a=y,ss10;FILE *fp1,*fp2;struct book sbook;clrscr();if(fp1=fopen(book.out,rb)=NULL)printf(wrong!);exit(0);if(fp2=fopen(book1.out,wb)=NULL)printf(wrong!); exit(0); fseek(fp1,-100L,2);fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp1);totalbook=atol(sbook.number); /*獲得圖書數(shù)目*/rewind(fp1);while(a=121)clrscr();printf(Please input the number of the book:);scanf(%s,ss);clrscr();fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp1);fwrite(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2);for(i=1;i=totalbook;i+=1)fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp1); /*刪除操作*/ if(strcmp(sbook.number,ss)=0) /*將刪除過相應(yīng)圖書的數(shù)據(jù)寫入 book1.out*/ done=1; printf(The information of the book:n); printf(Name:%sn,); printf(Author:%sn,sbook.author); printf(Number:%sn,sbook.number); printf(Price:%-9.2fn,sbook.price); printf(Press:%sn,sbook.press); printf(Are you sure to delete the book?(y/n) ; a=getch(); if(a!=121) break; else if(done=0) fwrite(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2); else minusone(sbook.number);fwrite(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2);fclose(fp1);fclose(fp2);if(done=0) printf(Wrong number!);if(done=1 & a=121) exchange(i,totalbook); clrscr(); printf(Successfully deleted!n);getch();clrscr();printf(Continue ? (y/n);a=getch();remove(book1.out);void exchange(long int i,long int totalbook) /*將book1.out的數(shù)據(jù)寫入book.out中*/FILE *fp1,*fp2;struct book sbook;if(fp1=fopen(book1.out,rb)=NULL)printf(wrong!);exit(0);fp2=fopen(book.out,wb);for(i=1;i=totalbook;i+=1)fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp1); fwrite(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp2); fclose(fp1); fclose(fp2);函數(shù)search_books實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)圖書的查找void search_books() /*查找圖書函數(shù)*/int n,total=0;long int totalbook,i;char item20;char ss=y;FILE *fp;struct book sbook;if(fp=fopen(book.out,rb)=NULL)printf(wrong!);exit(0);fseek(fp,-100L,2);fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);totalbook=atol(sbook.number);fseek(fp,100L,0);while(ss=121)clrscr();printf(Please select a way to search:n); /*查找方式設(shè)置*/printf(1:namen2:authorn3:numbern);n=getch();switch(n)case 49:clrscr();printf(Please input the name of the book:n);scanf(%s,item);clrscr();printf(n);for(i=1;i=totalbook;i+=1)fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); if(strcmp(,item)=0) /*打印圖書信息*/ printf(Book %dn,total+1); printf(Name:%sn,); printf(Author:%sn,sbook.author); printf(Number:%sn,sbook.number); printf(Price:%-9.2fn,sbook.price); printf(Press:%sn,sbook.press); printf(Type:%sn,sbook.type); printf(Isborrowed:%dnn,sbook.isborrowed); total+; continue; gotoxy(1,1);if(total=0) printf(No such book!); /*沒有對(duì)應(yīng)圖書*/else printf(We find %d books totally:,total);getch();break;case 50:clrscr();printf(Please input the author of the book:n);scanf(%s,item);clrscr();printf(n);for(i=1;i=totalbook;i+=1)fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); if(strcmp(sbook.author,item)=0) printf(Book %dn,total+1); printf(Name:%sn,); printf(Author:%sn,sbook.author); printf(Number:%sn,sbook.number); printf(Price:%-9.2fn,sbook.price); printf(Press:%sn,sbook.press); printf(Isborrowed:%dnn,sbook.isborrowed); total+; continue; gotoxy(1,1);if(total=0) printf(No such book!);else printf(We find %d books totally:,total);getch();break;case 51:clrscr();printf(Please input the number of the book:n);scanf(%s,item);clrscr();printf(n);for(i=1;i=totalbook;i+=1)fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); if(strcmp(sbook.number,item)=0) printf(Book %dn,total+1); printf(Name:%sn,); printf(Author:%sn,sbook.author); printf(Number:%sn,sbook.number); printf(Price:%-9.2fn,sbook.price); printf(Press:%sn,sbook.press); printf(Isborrowed:%dnn,sbook.isborrowed); total+; continue; gotoxy(1,1);if(total=0) printf(No such book!);else printf(We find %d books totally:,total);getch();break;total=0;clrscr();printf(continue ? (y/n):n);ss=getch(); fclose(fp);函數(shù)br_books實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)圖書的借閱和歸還void br_books() /*借閱或歸還圖書函數(shù)*/int done=0;char a=y,number10;FILE *fp;long int i,totalbook;struct book sbook;if(fp=fopen(book.out,rb+)=NULL)printf(wrong!);exit(0);fseek(fp,-100L,2);fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);totalbook=atol(sbook.number);fseek(fp,100L,0);while(a=121)clrscr(); printf(Please input a kind of service:n); printf(1:Borrow a bookn2:Return a bookn); /*選擇相應(yīng)服務(wù)*/ a=getch(); if(a=49) clrscr(); printf(Please input the number of the book:); scanf(%s,number); clrscr(); for(i=0;i=totalbook;i+=1) fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); if(strcmp(sbook.number,number)=0) if(sbook.isborrowed=0) printf(The information of the book:n); printf(Name:%sn,); printf(Author:%sn,sbook.author); printf(Number:%sn,sbook.number); printf(Price:%-9.2fn,sbook.price); printf(Press:%sn,sbook.press); printf(Are you sure to borrow the book?(y/n) ; /*確認(rèn)操作*/ a=getch(); if(a=121) sbook.isborrowed=1; fseek(fp,-100L,1); fwrite(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); fclose(fp); clrscr(); printf(Successfully borrowed!); else printf(This book has been borrowed!); fclose(fp); done=1; break; if(done=0) printf(Wrong number!);fclose(fp); if(a=50) clrscr(); printf(Please input the number of the book:); scanf(%s,number); clrscr(); for(i=0;i=totalbook;i+=1) fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); if(strcmp(sbook.number,number)=0) if(sbook.isborrowed=1) printf(The information of the book:n); printf(Name:%sn,); printf(Author:%sn,sbook.author); printf(Number:%sn,sbook.number); printf(Price:%-9.2fn,sbook.price); printf(Press:%sn,sbook.press); printf(Are you sure to return the book?(y/n) ; a=getch(); if(a=121) sbook.isborrowed=0; fseek(fp,-100L,1); fwrite(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); fclose(fp); clrscr(); printf(Successfully returned!); else printf(This book has not been borrowed!); fclose(fp); done=1; break; if(done=0) printf(Wrong number!);fclose(fp); getch(); clrscr(); printf(ncontinue ?(y/n) n); a=getch(); 函數(shù)total_numbers實(shí)現(xiàn)圖書統(tǒng)計(jì)操作void total_numbers()FILE *fp;long int totalbook;long int hasb=0,typs=0,typl=0,i;struct book sbook;clrscr();if(fp=fopen(book.out,rb)=NULL)printf(wrong!);exit(0);fseek(fp,-100L,2);fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp);totalbook=atol(sbook.number);printf(The total number of all books is:%ldn,totalbook);rewind(fp);for(i=1;i=totalbook;i+=1) /*統(tǒng)計(jì)圖書類型*/fread(&sbook,sizeof(struct book),1,fp); if(strcmp(science,sbook.type)=0) typs+=1; else if(strcmp(literature,sbook.type)=0) typl+=1; if(sbook.isborrowed=1) hasb+=1; /*統(tǒng)計(jì)借閱情況*/printf(The different numbers of types:n);printf(science:%ldn,typs);printf(literature:%ldn,typl);printf(others:%ldnn,totalbook-typs-typl);printf(The number of books have borrowed:%ldn,hasb);printf(The number of books have not been borrowed:%ldn,totalbook-hasb);fclose(fp);getch();5. 系統(tǒng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)主菜單視圖效果如下：對(duì)于該系統(tǒng)輸入三本書，基本信息如下：Book1：名稱：math作者：ma價(jià)格：29.4出版社：xjtup類型：scienceBook2：名稱：c作者：yuyan價(jià)格：13出版社：xjtup類型：scienceBook3：名稱：physics作者：ren價(jià)格：25.7出版社：xjtup類型：science圖書統(tǒng)計(jì)情況：查找名稱為c的圖書刪除第一本書和借閱第二本書后的統(tǒng)計(jì)情況：總結(jié)：通過一系列的測(cè)試可發(fā)現(xiàn)該系統(tǒng)可以基本滿足客戶的各種需求，同時(shí)輸入輸出界面比較簡潔，是一個(gè)比較成功的系統(tǒng)，但同時(shí)也存在一些問題需要改進(jìn)，主要有以下幾個(gè)方面：1. 使用scanf輸入不能輸入帶有空格的字符串2. 在使用編號(hào)進(jìn)行圖書查詢時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生一些錯(cuò)誤，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)查找圖書多余實(shí)際圖書的情況。6. 結(jié)束語 C語言作為一門應(yīng)用廣泛的計(jì)算機(jī)語言，在今天依然有著極為重要的作用。因此，掌握C語言是一項(xiàng)基本的要求。本次的圖書管理系統(tǒng)重點(diǎn)考查了文件的讀寫，結(jié)構(gòu)體的應(yīng)用以及各種基本語句的使用。本次綜合性的實(shí)踐使我在提高編程能力的同時(shí)得到了鍛煉，多次的調(diào)試使我增加上機(jī)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，進(jìn)一步熟悉了C語言的語法和基本語句，在本次實(shí)踐中，我得到了老師和同學(xué)的幫助，特在此表示感謝。參考書目梁力，原盛等.程序設(shè)計(jì)與C語言.第二版：西安交通大學(xué)出版社 2005袁節(jié)膅薂羄肅蒃薁蚃芀荿薀螆肅芅蕿袈羋膁蚈羀肁蒀蚇蝕襖莆蚇螂肀莂蚆羅袂羋蚅蚄膈膄蚄螇羈蒂蚃衿膆莈螞羈罿芄螁蟻膄膀螁螃羇葿螀裊膃蒅蝿肈羆莁螈螇芁芇莄袀肄膃莄羂艿蒂莃螞肂莈蒂螄羋芄蒁袆肀膀蒀罿袃薈葿螈聿蒄葿袁羈莀蒈羃膇芆蕆蚃羀膂蒆螅膅蒁薅袇羈莇薄罿膄芃薃蠆羆艿薃袁節(jié)膅薂羄肅蒃薁蚃芀荿薀螆肅芅蕿袈羋膁蚈羀肁蒀蚇蝕襖莆蚇螂肀莂蚆羅袂羋蚅蚄膈膄蚄螇羈蒂蚃衿膆莈螞羈罿芄螁蟻膄膀螁螃羇葿螀裊膃蒅蝿肈羆莁螈螇芁芇莄袀肄膃莄羂艿蒂莃螞肂莈蒂螄羋芄蒁袆肀膀蒀罿袃薈葿螈聿蒄葿袁羈莀蒈羃膇芆蕆蚃羀膂蒆螅膅蒁薅袇羈莇襖羋蕆袇螀芇蕿蝕聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羈芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃蒞蕿肁節(jié)蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈螞螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蟻羆肁莃袆袂肀薅蠆袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肅肇葿薀罿肆薂螆裊肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羈膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿節(jié)衿羈腿莄螞襖羋蕆袇螀芇蕿蝕聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羈芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃蒞蕿肁節(jié)蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈螞螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蟻羆肁莃袆袂肀薅蠆袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肅肇葿薀罿肆薂螆裊肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羈膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿節(jié)衿羈腿莄螞襖羋蕆袇螀芇蕿蝕聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羈芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃蒞蕿肁節(jié)蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈螞螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蟻羆肁莃袆袂肀薅蠆袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肅肇葿薀罿肆薂螆裊肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羈膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿節(jié)衿羈腿莄螞襖羋蕆袇螀芇蕿蝕聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羈芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃蒞蕿肁節(jié)蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈螞螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蟻羆肁莃袆袂肀薅蠆袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肅肇葿薀罿肆薂螆裊肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羈膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿節(jié)衿羈腿莄螞襖羋蕆袇螀芇蕿蝕聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羈芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃蒞蕿肁節(jié)蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈螞螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蟻羆肁莃袆袂肀薅蠆袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肅肇葿薀罿肆薂螆裊肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇羅膃蚈螂羈膂莈蚅袇膁蒀袀螃膀薂蚃肂腿節(jié)衿羈腿莄螞襖羋蕆袇螀芇蕿蝕聿芆艿蒃肅芅蒁螈羈芄薃薁袆芃芃螆螂芃蒞蕿肁節(jié)蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀艿螃蝿荿莂薆膈莈薄袁肄莇蚆蚄羀莇莆袀袆羃蒈螞螂羂薁袈肀肁芀蟻羆肁莃袆袂肀薅蠆袈聿蚇蒂膇肈莇螇肅肇葿薀罿肆薂螆裊肅芁薈螁膅莃螄聿膄蒆薇袁節(jié)膅薂羄肅蒃薁蚃芀荿薀螆肅芅蕿袈羋膁蚈羀肁蒀蚇蝕襖莆蚇螂肀莂蚆羅袂羋蚅蚄膈膄蚄螇羈蒂蚃衿膆莈螞羈罿芄螁蟻膄膀螁螃羇葿螀裊膃蒅蝿肈羆莁螈螇芁芇莄袀肄膃莄羂艿蒂莃螞肂莈蒂螄羋芄蒁袆肀膀蒀罿袃薈葿螈聿蒄葿袁羈莀蒈羃膇芆蕆蚃羀膂蒆螅膅蒁薅袇羈莇薄罿膄芃薃蠆羆艿薃袁節(jié)膅薂羄肅蒃薁蚃芀荿薀螆肅芅蕿袈羋膁蚈羀肁蒀蚇蝕襖莆蚇螂肀莂蚆羅袂羋蚅蚄膈膄蚄螇羈蒂蚃衿膆莈螞羈罿芄螁蟻膄膀螁螃羇葿螀裊膃蒅蝿肈羆莁螈螇芁芇莄袀肄膃莄羂艿蒂莃螞肂莈蒂螄羋芄蒁袆肀膀蒀罿袃薈葿螈聿蒄葿袁羈莀蒈羃膇芆蕆蚃羀膂蒆螅膅蒁薅袇羈莇薄罿膄芃薃蠆羆艿薃袁節(jié)膅薂羄肅蒃薁蚃芀荿薀螆肅芅蕿袈羋膁蚈羀肁蒀蚇蝕襖莆蚇螂肀莂蚆羅袂羋蚅蚄膈膄蚄螇羈蒂蚃衿膆莈螞羈罿芄螁蟻膄膀螁螃羇葿螀裊膃蒅蝿肈羆莁螈螇芁芇莄袀肄膃莄羂艿蒂莃螞肂莈蒂螄羋芄蒁袆肀膀蒀罿袃薈葿螈聿蒄葿袁羈莀蒈羃膇芆蕆蚃羀膂蒆螅膅蒁薅袇羈莇薄罿膄芃薃蠆羆艿薃袁節(jié)膅薂羄肅蒃薁蚃芀荿薀螆肅芅蕿袈羋膁蚈羀肁蒀蚇蝕襖莆蚇螂