高中定語從句完整講解(自制).doc

提分快 找凹凸 到鳳凰 VIP1對1，精品小班定語從句定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞（Antecedent）。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出1. 定義定語從句，就是用來修飾名詞或代詞的句子，起到定語的作用，所以叫做定語從句。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句不同于單詞作定語的情況，它需要放在被修飾的詞（即先行詞）之后。定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞必須放在定語從句之首。2. 從句結(jié)構(gòu):包括先行詞，關(guān)系詞和定語。3. 關(guān)系詞（1） 關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose,as(在定語中作主語，賓語，定語，表語)-在句中作成分，說明后面的句子不完整。（2） 關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why,(在句中作狀語)-后面的句子完整。一 由that,who,whom作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞指人。1. Do you know the comerade spoke at the meeting yesterday?(兩者都修飾前面的comerade).2. This is the man (they say) is a good teacher.(這里who還做了后面they say 的賓語，有雙重身份，所以不能用that.)3. This is the teacher I met in the street just now.(作賓語，所以可以省略)。4. My cousin, is an engineer, went to America last week.（非限定性定語從句，不能用that引導(dǎo)。）5. 先行詞是he, they, those, one, ones, anyone,只能用who,不能用that.Anyone breaks the law will be punished.One works hard and without complain is welcome here.6. 關(guān)系代詞指人的先行詞（先行詞指人）存在于there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中用who。Eg. There is someone is waiting for you at school gate.7. 先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語時(shí)可以省略。Eg. This is the teacher I met in the street just now.8. 先行詞指人，介詞后緊隨關(guān)系代詞不能省略關(guān)系代詞且必須用賓格，（關(guān)系代詞在此時(shí)做賓語）。Eg. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to she could turn for help. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person she could turn to for help.9. 在非限定性定語從句中，先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞作賓語，只能用whom，不能用that.Eg. He is a man with rich experience, we can learn a lot from.10. 在who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中（先行詞指人），后只能用that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作主語。Eg. Who is the boy is shouting in the classroom.11. 先行詞指人，在定語從句中作表語時(shí)，用that. Eg. Li Hong is no longer the girl she was before.12. 先行詞又指人又指物，在定語從句中只用that.Eg. Watch the woman and her dog are crossing the street.13. 先行詞指人，被the only, the very 等最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，做賓語用that.Eg. He was the only person I had invited.14. 為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)要省略that 或who(或都省略)。Eg. The man she likes is the one is both honest and brave.二 先行詞指物，關(guān)系代詞that與which的區(qū)別。1. 一般情況可以互換Eg. The machine can fly is plane.2. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞，不能用that，且不能省略which.Eg. This is the book in she could much interest. This is the book she could much interest in.3. 非限定性定語從句中不能用that，且不能省略which. Eg. I will buy a book, tells about the use of English idoms.4. 先行詞是that, 作賓語時(shí)用which,也可省略。Eg. What was that you said about him.5. 先行詞是all, everything,anything, nothing,much,little,few等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that.Eg. Everything can be done has been done.6. 先行詞被all,any,every,much,little,no,only,very修飾時(shí)，用that.Eg. Ask any question you dont understand.7. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用that.Eg. The first lesson I learned will never be forgotten.8. 由which 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中，含定語從句，先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that 來避免重復(fù)。Eg. Which of the cows you keep produces more milk?9. 先行詞指物，在定語從句中作表語，只用that.Eg. Our hometown is no longer the one it used to be.10. 先行詞指物，且在there be句型中，只用that.Eg. There is a seat in the coner is still free.11. 如果指的是相同的一個(gè)東西（同一個(gè)）用that，而不用as，如表示相同，但不是同一個(gè)就要用as.Eg. I have found my missing book and this is the same one I lost yesterday.12. 一個(gè)句中如果含有兩個(gè)定語從句，先行詞指物，第一個(gè)用which，第二個(gè)用that,第一個(gè)用that，第二個(gè)就要用which。三 關(guān)系代詞which和as的區(qū)別1. 都可以用來引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，可表示某一物的名詞，也可代指整個(gè)事物。2. （1）which可做介詞的賓語，而as不可以。（2.）which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句一般在主語之后，as可前可后可中間，位置靈活。（3） as 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句有較為密切的上下關(guān)系。（4） as本身含有“正如.”之意，一般情況下放在句首。3. 先行詞是某個(gè)具體的名詞，且所指的名詞在非限定性定語從句中又做了主語的時(shí)候，只用which而不用as.Eg. I like English very much, is a bridge to so much knowledge.4. 關(guān)系代詞指代前面整個(gè)內(nèi)容，并且在非限定性定語從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，用which而不用as。Eg. Light travels faster than sound, all teachers once told us.5. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)：as引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句用于下列句型（句式）中。Eg. as is known to us all/ as we all know/as we can see/as is said/as is reported/as is expected/as is announced/as has happened/as we hoped可用在句首，句中，句尾；在句中作插入語（正如.）四. 關(guān)系代詞whoseWhose不單用,表示所屬關(guān)系,即可指人也可指物,一般情況下可和of which 互換，但有時(shí)不能。1. The desk legs Tom broke yesterday has been repaired.2. 先行詞表示整體與部分的關(guān)系時(shí)（定語從句的主語），如little, some, most, mainly,few,much等時(shí)不能用whose來連接，只能用of which 或of whom來連接。Eg. Jonn bought me much bread , little of tastes good. Those foreign teachers, most had never been to China before, are enjoying their work here.3. 定語從句的主語是同位關(guān)系的代詞（與先行詞是同位關(guān)系）如all, none, neither, each, either 的時(shí)候用of whom或of which，不用whose.Eg.He gave me many books,none was interesting.4. 定語從句的主語是數(shù)詞時(shí)，用of whom或of which ，不用whose。Eg.My father has many books,seven percent are written in English.五 關(guān)系代詞as（可用作主語或賓語）1. 正如：as is.to.2. The same +n+as.Eg. I have the same dictionary as you bought yesterday.3. such +n+as.像這樣.像那樣.六. 關(guān)系副詞(后面句中完整,做賓語的從句,都考慮用關(guān)系副詞,具體選擇哪一個(gè)要根據(jù)意思來看).1. I will never forget these days I lived with the farmers in the counterside. I will never forget these days I spent with the farmers in the countryside.2. This is the farm my father used to work. This is the farm my father used to visit.3.This is the reason he was late.