基于遠程監(jiān)控變壓器的變電站 文獻及中文翻譯.doc

摘要 本文提出了一種新的配電變壓器監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)（DTMS），所謂Wimo，它利用現(xiàn)有的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，具有投資和運行費用低，易于安裝和使用。 該系統(tǒng)能夠提供水電費以下好處：警告和實時測量和登記在變電站的負(fù)荷數(shù)據(jù)，無功功率，接地電流和電能質(zhì)量報警，更可靠和有效的維護。此外，變壓器容量可更有效地利用和電能質(zhì)量控制可以得到改善。 前兩個在芬蘭裝置的現(xiàn)場試驗已經(jīng)有前途，系統(tǒng)被證明是與商用GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)和信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)中使用的電力系統(tǒng)相兼容。 關(guān)鍵詞：條款 ；監(jiān)控；配電控制；變壓器 Abstract This paper presents a new distribution transformer monitoring system (DTMS), called Wimo, which utilizes the existing communication network, has low investment and operation costs and is easy to install and use. The system is able to provide the following benefits for utilities: warnings and alarms in real time, measured and registered data of loadings, reactive power, earth current and power quality at the transformer substation, and more reliable and effective maintenance. Also, transformer capacity can be utilized more effectively and the control of power quality can be improved. The field tests of the first two installations in Finland have been promising and the system is shown to be compatible with the commercial GSM networks and with the information systems used in power networks. Key-words： Terms；Monitoring,； Power distribution control；Transformers 附錄1：外文資料翻譯A1.1譯文 基于遠程監(jiān)控變壓器的變電站 蒂莫噸Vekara，會員，電機，Seppo Pettissalo和N. Rajkumar，會員，獨立外部評價 I 導(dǎo)言 配電變壓器是電力系統(tǒng)及其關(guān)鍵設(shè)備項目的正常功能是必不可少的系統(tǒng)可靠運行。因此，有必要的經(jīng)營條件和監(jiān)測配電變壓器的性能，以避免或減少因突發(fā)意外中斷故障。這也有助于節(jié)省運行成本，通過優(yōu)化維修時間表。 電力變壓器的幾個監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)，如1和2中所描述的，但并非為配電變壓器。一般來說，變壓器監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)（TMS）的趨勢是從數(shù)據(jù)采集到數(shù)據(jù)的解釋，給予操作員明確的信息。分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)并將完全實現(xiàn)自動控制。 對配電網(wǎng)運行的可靠性可以增加使用變壓器自動監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)不僅為電力變壓器，同時也為配電變壓器。遠程監(jiān)控可以選擇性地在多個站點提供數(shù)據(jù)共享，在多個站點間以最高效和成本效益的方式和一種實用的信息中心獲得對LV。終端用戶的能源消費從自動計量記錄資料，發(fā)電廠和高壓/中壓變電站從監(jiān)控和數(shù)據(jù)采集（SCADA）系統(tǒng)和信息。然而，在變電站的配電變壓器的條件在線數(shù)據(jù)目前無法提供經(jīng)常進行遠程診斷。例如，關(guān)于變電站的配電變壓器的負(fù)荷信息不是實時的，但是是有限的，只是基于技術(shù)檢查維修電工幾年訪問一次。不僅是傳統(tǒng)的技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)，如電流，電壓，溫度等，但也更先進的對變壓器狀態(tài)信息，如預(yù)期壽命變壓器，是需要由運營商，以確?？煽康碾娏鬏?。公共事業(yè)之間找到無數(shù)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)過于昂貴，因此他們已經(jīng)被完全忽略了通信的實現(xiàn)。然而，在無線通信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，如手機網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展，賦予了新的，符合成本效益的可能性，以監(jiān)察配電變電站。 該Wimo配電變壓器監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)（DMTS）所述的文件提供了更多的傳統(tǒng)方法的幾個優(yōu)勢。 II.系統(tǒng)的WIMO Wimo系統(tǒng)由Wimotec有限公司3，它由一臺PC與控制中心在適當(dāng)?shù)能浖?，變壓器監(jiān)測單位（臺北醫(yī)學(xué)大學(xué)，即Wimo控制器）與在變電站和無線電通信（GSM和GSM模塊有時也GPRS）的他們之間，如圖所示1a一個可靠的服務(wù)器也需要進行數(shù)據(jù)備份。 圖.1b和液晶顯示W(wǎng)imo材質(zhì)單元，作為以下主要特點有：電壓，電流和溫度測量，其他I / O端口，實時時鐘和超級電容器蓄電。潛在的免費輸入可以用來檢測短路，煙霧和濕度，監(jiān)測變壓器內(nèi)閣和溫度繼電器。該控制器具有可編程的硬件描述4更詳細(xì)。 該系統(tǒng)是在這兩個direcdons溝通的能力。該系統(tǒng)不僅Wimo發(fā)送郵件從配電變壓器的變電站（測量數(shù)據(jù)，警告和報警）到一個運營商通過移動電話或一個服務(wù)器，而且收到經(jīng)營者作為參數(shù)設(shè)置通過GSM或GPRS網(wǎng)絡(luò)，并指示互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，如圖所示?，F(xiàn)有communicanon網(wǎng)絡(luò)（GSM短消息服務(wù)，短信服務(wù)的GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)和GPRS網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸） 1，采用持續(xù)投資和運行費用低。 為了監(jiān)控變電站操作員需要，如Microsoft Explorer或Netscape在PC機或在PDA設(shè)備或移動電話的Web瀏覽器，中心站軟件（旅），而其中有報警管理主要功能，閱讀和儲存對生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)庫和報告，在線監(jiān)測，參數(shù)設(shè)置，通信日志生產(chǎn)，并在一般系統(tǒng)管理測量。 該系統(tǒng)以測量和經(jīng)營者提供有關(guān)報告，過載情況，停電，電壓干擾，接地故障，電流不平衡及無功功率等。圖2顯示了一個示例視圖由經(jīng)營者看到。該算子集，如電流，電壓，temperatore，無功，不平衡，電壓峰值和下降參數(shù)的限制，并接收報警信息，他們的位置，時間，事件和測量值。 Wimo系統(tǒng)與其他商業(yè)的IT電源系統(tǒng)，如遠程控制和操作由ABB公司，一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)的Tekla公司系統(tǒng)和一Enermet有限公司開發(fā)的遠程抄表系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)兼容，見5一7 該WIMO系統(tǒng)對電力公共事業(yè)的好處可歸納如下： 1）有效管理變壓器的能力；2）快速消除故障；3）自動和可靠的記錄i，包括中斷時間的戳記；4）真實記錄電能質(zhì)量通過資料和尖峰電壓驟降根據(jù)IEC 61000-4-30標(biāo)準(zhǔn)， 5）為提高維修和操作功能，測量在各種情況下電網(wǎng)的可預(yù)測性的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù) 6）維護和操作功能和可預(yù)測性與控制中心的通訊選項包括SMS幾個相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)登記根據(jù)協(xié)議，支持GSM，工業(yè)控制局域網(wǎng)協(xié)議，通過GPRS通信，集成和OPC服務(wù)器與外部applicanons 7）在購買和操作上是一個經(jīng)濟都有利的解決方案。 III. EXPPERIENCES在芬蘭 第一個Wimo系統(tǒng)已在芬蘭工作兩年左右。該系統(tǒng)顯示正常，完全與GSM和芬蘭最大的商業(yè)，即Radiolinja有限公司，公司移動電話運營商Sonera公司GPRS無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)兼容，并和芬蘭DNA有限公司，在8一10提出。 在實踐中，監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的成功經(jīng)驗表明要在提供準(zhǔn)確，實時，如負(fù)載和他們的房間條件配電變壓器的有用信息。電能質(zhì)量現(xiàn)在可以被檢測沒有訪問遠程傳輸?shù)奈锢頊y量設(shè)備變電站。在一般情況下，預(yù)期相關(guān)的電力品質(zhì)的先進功能的重要性在未來仍將增加。 該Wimo體系的進一步發(fā)展將是在為戶外使用和中央火車站軟件，該軟件目前只有芬蘭語，瑞典語和英語以及其他語言的翻譯設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)。總諧波失真（THD）也將很快面市。 IV. 結(jié)論 為了增加配電網(wǎng)運行的可靠性，通過使用變壓器配電變壓器自動監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。目前，運營商并沒有太多任何測量數(shù)據(jù)或變電站先進的信息維護和控制.這篇文章介紹一種先進的配電變壓器遠程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，利用現(xiàn)有的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，具有投資和運行費用低，易于安裝和使用。在芬蘭的經(jīng)驗表明， 在芬蘭的經(jīng)驗表明，商業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施可以成功地在變壓器實時監(jiān)測。 V. 參考文獻1三本特松，“變壓器監(jiān)控中的地位和趨勢”，IEEE期刊。有關(guān)功率傳輸，第一卷。11，三，1996年7月，頁（1379一1384）2中頻巴恩斯，“QuaIiTROL SENTRY的變壓器監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)”，在顯示器和獨立外部評價Collogium狀況評估equipmenl（摘要號一百八十六分之一千九百九十六），5。1996年12月，第（2 / 1一2 / 7）3 Wimotec有限公司，4黃Pettissalo，我們科茲洛夫斯基，閣下Lyskawa，噸Kantecki，國家科學(xué)和技術(shù)機密“WIMO因為，Trandformer變電站遠程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)”。關(guān)于IndustrialProcesses診斷，DPP03弗瓦迪斯瓦沃沃，波蘭是，2003年9月17日5 ABB有限公司，6 Tekla的有限公司，7 Enermet有限公司，8 Radiolinja有限公司，http:/www.radiolinja.fi。9 Sonera公司有限公司，http:/www.sonera.fi10芬蘭DNA有限公司，http:/www.dnafinland.fi。 VI. 履歷 蒂莫噸Vekara出生于Kokemaki，芬蘭，于1959年。他獲得碩士（薩爾瓦多英），醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)士，工學(xué)學(xué)位分別從芬蘭的坦佩雷理工大學(xué)于1984年，1993年和2001年獲得。他曾在RD和起重機吊重機第一通力公司工作數(shù)年，然后在氯化鉀科尼。自1997年以來他一直作為行事的教授，也一直在Vaasa大學(xué)機電工程總監(jiān)。 他的興趣是電力電子，風(fēng)力發(fā)電和用模擬實驗改善大學(xué)教育。 Seppo pettissalo取得1970年奧盧大學(xué)，芬蘭電子碩士學(xué)位。他曾用str mberg幾年有限公司，ABB有限公司，瓦薩電子有限公司的Vacon有限公司和VAMP有限公司在瓦薩。2002年，他在那里他開始Wimotec有限公司的技術(shù)經(jīng)理curgently工程，他的興趣是在電氣工程和電子研發(fā)。 N. Rajkumar 畢業(yè)于Rajkumar電氣，電子與控制工程，并在電力分配工作了好幾年。他獲得理學(xué)碩士（系統(tǒng)ENG）和博士學(xué)位的倫敦城市大學(xué)（薩爾瓦多）學(xué)位。 他與新加坡理工學(xué)院的是幾年后，他在那里是高級講師，一直是電力科的科長。他曾作為兩個在Vaasa，芬蘭大學(xué)電氣工程教授多年。 他現(xiàn)在的能源系統(tǒng)臀部在倫敦城市大學(xué)的研究員和他的研究興趣包括電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護，電力系統(tǒng)分布式發(fā)電和計算機應(yīng)用。T.T.Vekara與電氣工程及生產(chǎn)管理，瓦薩，芬蘭（電子郵件：鈦mo.vekara uwasa.fi）大學(xué)部S.Pettissalo與Wimotec有限公司，瓦薩，芬蘭（電子郵件：seppo.pettissalo無線）N.Rajkumar與倫敦城市大學(xué)，英國倫敦（電子郵件：n.rajkumar city.ac.uk）A1.2原 文Remote Monitoring System for Transformer SubstationsTimo T. Vekara, Member, IEEE, Seppo Pettissalo and N. Rajkumar, Member, IEE Abstract-This paper presents a new distribution transformer monitoring system (DTMS), called Wimo, which utilizes the existing communication network, has low investment and operation costs and is easy to install and use. The system is able to provide the following benefits for utilities: warnings and alarms in real time, measured and registered data of loadings, reactive power, earth current and power quality at the transformer substation, and more reliable and effective maintenance. Also, transformer capacity can be utilized more effectively and the control of power quality can be improved. The field tests of the first two installations in Finland have been promising and the system is shown to be compatible with the commercial GSM networks and with the information systems used in power networks. Terms-Monitoring, Power distribution control,Transformers I. INTRODUCTION THE distribution transformer is a critical item of equipment in power systems and its correct functioning is essential to the reliable operation of the system. It is therefore, necessary to monitor the operating condition and performance of distribution transformers in order to avoid or reduce disruption due to sudden unexpected failure. It also helps to save running costs by optimizing maintenance schedules. Several monitoring systems for power transformers have been developed, such as those described in 1 and 2, but not for distribution transformers. Generally, the trend of transformer monitoring systems (TMS) is from data acquisition to data interpretation to give clear information to the operator. The distribution network will entirely be controlled automatically. The reliability of operation of distribution networks can be increased by using automatic monitoring systems for transformers , not only for power transformers, but also for distribution transformers. Remote monitoring can provide selective sharing of data among multiple sites in themost efficient and cost effective manner. An information centre of a utility acquires information on power plants and on HV/MV substations from a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, and information on LV .energy consumption of end users from automatic metering recorders. However, on-line data on the conditions of distribution transformer substations are currently not often available for remote diagnosis. For example, the information on the loading of distribution transformer substations is not in real time, but is limited and based only on technical checks performed few times a year by visiting maintenance electricians. Not only the conventional technical data, such as current, voltage, temperature etc., but also more advanced information about the status of transformers, such as expected transformer lifetime is needed by the operators to ensure reliable power delivery. Utilities find the implementation of communication between numerous monitoring systems too expensive and thus they have been ignored entirely. However, the development of the infrastructure of wireless communication such as the mobilephone networks, gives new, cost effective possibilities to monitor distribution transformer substations. The Wimo distribution transformer monitoring system(DMTS) described in the paper offers several advantages over more traditional methods. II. THE WIMO SYSTEM Wimo system is developed by Wimotec Ltd. 3 and it consists of a PC with proper software at the control centre,transformer monitoring units (TMU, i.e. the Wimo controllers) with a GSM module at the transformer substations and radio communication (GSM and sometimes also GPRS) between them, as shown in Fig. la. A reliable server is also needed for data backup. Figs. 1b and lc show the Wimo TMU, which has as the following main features: voltage, current and temperature measurements, other I/O ports, a real-time clock and power storage in super capacitors. The potential free inputs can be used to detect short circuits, smoke and humidity, to monitor transformer cabinet and for a temperature relay. The controller has a programmable hardware,described more detailed in 4. The system is capable of communicating in both direcdons. The Wimo system not only sends messages (measuring data, warnings and alarms) from a distribution transformer substation to an operator via a mobile phone or a server, but also receives the instructions such as parametersettings of the operator via a GSM or GPRS network and Internet, as shown in Fig. 1.Use of the existing communicanon network (GSM network for short message service,SMS of GSM network and GPRS for data transfer)keeps investment and operation costs low. To monitor a transformer substation an operator needs the Web browser such as Microsoft Explorer or Netscape in a PC or in a PDA device or a mobile phone, and central station software (CTS); the main functions of which are alarm management, reading and storing of measurements to database and production of reports, online monitoring, parameter setting, production of a communication log, and system administration in general. The system takes measurements and provides reports to the operator concerning overload conditions, power outages, voltage disturbances, earth faults, current unbalance and increase of reactive power etc. Fig. 2 shows a sample view seen by the operator. The operator sets the alarming limits for parameters such as currents, voltage, temperatore, reactive power, imbalance, voltage peaks and drops,and receives the information of alarms, their location,time, event and measured value. Wimo system is compatible with the other commercial IT systems for power systems, like a remote control and operating system for networks developed by ABB Ltd., a network data system of Tekla Ltd. and a remote metering system of Enermet Ltd., see 5一7, respectively. The benefits of the WIMO system to power utilities can be summarized as follows: 1) effective management of the capacity of the transformer 2) fast fault clearance 3) automatic and reliable recording of outages and events including the time stamps, 4) authentic energy quality information through registration of voltage dips and spikes according to IEC standard 61000-4-30, 5) measurements to provide relevant data for enhancing maintenance and operating functions and predictability in various power network situations, 6) several communication options with the control centre including SMS based protocol for GSM,industrial protocol for control LANs, communication over GPRS, and OPC server for integration with external applicanons, and 7) a financially advantageous solution both at purchase and operation. III. EXPPERIENCES IN FINLAND The first Wimo system has been operating in Finland for about two years. The system has shown to function properly and fully compatibly with the GSM and GPRS radio networks of the largest commercial mobile phone operators in Finland, i.e., Radiolinja Ltd., Sonera Ltd, andDna Finland Ltd., introduced in 8一10. In practice, the benefits of the monitoring system have shown to be useful in giving accurate and real-time information on distribution transformers such as loading and conditions of their rooms. Power quality can now be registered remotely without visiting the transformer substation for transferring physical measurement devices. In general,it is expected that the importance of the advanced features related to power quality will still increase in future. Further development of the Wimo system will be in the production of devices for outdoor use and translation of the central station software which is now only in Finnish, Swedish and English to other languages. Total harmonic distortion (THD) will also be available soon. IV. CONCLUSION The reliability of operation of distribution networks can be increased by using automatic monitoring systems for transformers not only for power transformers but also for distribution transformers. At present, operators do not have either much measured data or advanced information on transformer substations for maintenance and control.This paper describes an advanced remote monitoring system for distribution transformers which utilizes the existing communication network, has low investment and operation costs and is easy to install and use. Experience in Finland has shown that the commercial infrastructure can successfully be used in monitoring of transformer substadons. V. REFERENCES1 C. Bengtsson, Status and Trends in Transformer Monitoring, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 11, no. 3, July 1996, pp(1379一1384)2 M. F. Barnes, QuaIiTROL SENTRY Transformer Monitoring System, IEE Collogium on Monitors and Condition Assessment equipmenl (Digest No. 1996/186), 5. Dec. 1996, pp. (2/1一2/7)3 Wimotec Ltd., 4 S. Pettissalo, W. E. Kozlowski, H. Lyskawa, T. Kantecki, WIMO Remote Monitoring System for Trandformer Substations,National Science and Technology Conf. on Diagnostics of IndustrialProcesses, DPP03 Wladyslawowo, Poland, IS-17.9.20035 ABB Ltd., 6 Tekla Ltd., 7 Enermet Ltd., 8 Radiolinja Ltd., http:/www.radiolinja.fi.9 Sonera Ltd., http:/www.sonera.fi10 Dna Finland Ltd., http:/www.dnafinland.fi. VI. BIOGRAPHIES Timo T. Vekara was born in Kokemaki, Finland, in 1959. He received MSc (El Eng), Lic. Tech and Doctor of technology degrees from Tampere University of Technology Finland in 1984, in 1993 and in 2001, respectively. He has worked several years with R&D of hoists and cranes first in Kone Corporation and then in KCI Konecranes. Since 1997 he has worked as an acting professor and has also been the Head of Electrical Engineering at the University of Vaasa, Finland His interests are power electronics, wind power and improvement of university education using simulations Seppo Pettissalo received MSc degree in electronics from the University of Oulu, Finland in 1970. He has worked several years with Str mberg Ltd, ABB Ltd., Vaasa Electronics Ltd., Vacon Ltd. And Vamp Ltd. in Vaasa. In 2002 he started Wimotec Ltd. where he curgently works as the technical manager His interests are R&D in electrical engineering and electronics. N. Rajkumar graduated in electrical, electronic and control engineering, and has worked in electricity distribution for several years. He received the MSc (Sys Eng) and PhD (El) degrees from the City University, London. He was with the Singapore Polytechnic for I S years, where he was a Senior Lecturer and has been the Section Head of the Electrical Power Section. He worked for two years as a Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Vaasa, Finland. He is now with the Energy Systems Croup at the City University,London as a Research Fellow and his research interests include Power System Protection, Distributed Generation and Computer applications in Power Systems