外文翻譯--燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展機遇與挑戰(zhàn)_第1頁
外文翻譯--燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展機遇與挑戰(zhàn)_第2頁
外文翻譯--燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展機遇與挑戰(zhàn)_第3頁
外文翻譯--燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展機遇與挑戰(zhàn)_第4頁
外文翻譯--燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展機遇與挑戰(zhàn)_第5頁
全文預(yù)覽已結(jié)束

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

附 錄 A Fuel ethanol industry opportunities and challenges At present, the fuel ethanol industry have great opportunities for development, but it also faces many challenges. Selection of fuel ethanol gasoline, a number of factors should be considered: vehicle and fuel prices, vehicle performance and ease of use, and emissions regulations, convenient refueling, maintenance costs, and maintenance convenience. The use of fuel ethanol and the cost effectiveness of its significant impact on the promotion of the use. According to Chinas specific circumstances, in the promotion of fuel ethanol and use the following key issues need to be resolved. ( 1) Fuel ethanol production costs of raw materials and fuel prices, the current gas and electricity prices low, methanol, ethanol is higher than the price of petrol and diesel. Only the price of fuel ethanol at less than the retail price of gasoline, only the economic viability. Chinas development of the corresponding financial subsidies or tax relief policies and environmental regulations in order to support and encourage the fuel ethanol and promote the use of ethanol gasoline. However, fuel ethanol production enterprises to continuously raise the level of production and comprehensive utilization of by-product level, develop the use of rich biological resources of raw materials and lower production costs, and ensure the health of fuel ethanol, the sustained development of enterprises. ( 2) Water storage and transportation of ethanol gasoline ethanol fuel stratified water to the use of low-cost pipeline. Foreign transportation of fuel ethanol, commonly used by automobiles, trains, ships and other means higher costs and also pay attention to gasoline storage and transportation of ethanol in water. ( 3) The cost of automotive technology and the use of foreign experience has shown that the fuel ethanol and flexible fuel vehicle prices high than the traditional automobile. Clean fuel vehicles used in the initial price and technical programs. According to the information, the use of ethanol gasoline, the fuel consumption of motor vehicles has increased, the performance of the engine power dropped to varying degrees; At the same time, ethanol, gasoline for vehicle fuel tank, carburetor and other parts of the non-ferrous metals, rubber materials have varying degrees Corrosion, automotive use of ethanol in gasoline before the need for adaptation, an increase of the cost. Due to the complexity of our models, the factory during the span, and resulting from the use of ethanol gasoline on the more prominent issues. Ethanol gasoline automobile engine wear and tear caused by corrosion, will shorten the life of car. Only increase the gasoline additive ethanol in order to solve the problem. This requires the use of low-cost production and the use of the safety of gasoline or ethanol diesel fuel additive ethanol. ( 4) Ethanol gasoline vehicle emissions ethanol gasoline aldol use brought about by the increase in emissions, it must attract attention and give an effective solution. ( 5) Infrastructure supporting the commercialization of fuel ethanol applications, must have the appropriate infrastructure, that is, the fuel supply should be supporting factories, storage and transport facilities, the retail gas stations all over the country, parts supply and maintenance of networks. Infrastructure investment required in the various clean alternative fuel, the use of fuel ethanol is relatively low. ( 6) The development of diesel-ethanol to promote ethanol in gasoline, while diesel should also attach importance to the development of ethanol. Diesel consumption in China is big country, in 1999 consumption of diesel 61.2 million tons. At present, the production of domestic oil refining industry in the fuel, diesel and gasoline production ratio of consumption is lower than the market ratio between the number of diesel and petrol, the promotion of ethanol petrol, diesel supply shortage of resources have become an obvious contradiction. With the gradual depletion of fossil resources, the further rise in oil prices, which fuel ethanol to bring a certain amount of development and historical opportunity. Diversification of the national energy supply is an important national energy strategy, in the worlds future energy mix, renewable bio-energy will be one of the main body of energy, the worlds increasing emphasis on fuel ethanol development and application. According to the State Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol 15 Development Plan, Chinas fuel ethanol industry is positioned to promote the industrialization of agriculture, improvement of the dual structure of the national economy, environmental protection and promotion of renewable energy use, and gradually as the goal to build a new, advanced technology, comprehensive utilization of high level of international influence and the industry. At the national Eleventh Five-Year Plan that clearly need to accelerate the development of wind energy, solar, biomass and other renewable energy sources. Fuel ethanol production technology development prospects, the performance in the following aspects. ( 1) With the prospect of fiber raw materials key technology breakthrough in ethanol and the success of the industrialized operation of the 21st century will be the greater use of grain and other agricultural products other than biomass to p roduce fuel ethanol, the use of land not suitable for grain and forest resources, planting appropriate energy plants. ( 2) The prospects of production technology to lower raw material costs as a result of technological progress and production, fuel ethanol at progressively lower prices. ( 3) The prospects for the development of engine technology and flexible fuel vehicles ( FFV) is the application of fuel ethanol in one direction. The United States, Brazil and other countries have successfully developed the use of either gasoline or pure ethanol and pure than any match between the two mixed-fuel vehicles flexible fuel ( FFV) , is currently used in Brazil for more than a FFV vehicle 2000000. In short, our country promote the use of ethanol gasoline has been out of people Tenth Five-Year plan for national economic development has been significant progress has been made. According to foreign experience, Chinas population and a large proportion of the agricultural economy, rich in coal resources, the development of energy resources, distribution and utilization of scientific planning should be to strengthen the research of fuel ethanol and its application guidance; In addition, agriculture should be fully taken into account , forestry in the field of manpower and resource use, research and development of biomass fuels in order to promote the development of Chinas fuel ethanol industry. 附 錄 B 燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展機遇與挑戰(zhàn) 目前,燃料乙醇產(chǎn)業(yè)有很大的發(fā)展機遇,但同時也面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)。選用燃料乙醇汽油,應(yīng)考慮多方面的因素:購車及燃料價格、汽車性能及使用方便性、排放法規(guī)要求,加油方便,維修費用及維修方便等問題。燃料乙醇的使用效 能及費用,對其推廣使用有很大影響。根據(jù)我國的具體情況,在燃料乙醇的推廣和使用方面,需要解決以下關(guān)鍵問題。 ( 1)燃料乙醇的生產(chǎn)原料及成本在燃料價格方面,目前氣體燃料及電能價格較低,甲醇、乙醇的價格高于汽油及柴油。只有燃料乙醇的價格低于汽油銷價時,才有經(jīng)濟可行性。 我國制定了相應(yīng)稅收減免或財政補貼政策和環(huán)保法規(guī),以支持和鼓勵燃料乙醇及乙醇汽油的推廣使用。但燃料乙醇生產(chǎn)企業(yè),需要不斷提高生產(chǎn)水平和副產(chǎn)品的綜合利用水平,開發(fā)使用資源豐富的生物原料,并降低生產(chǎn)成本,保證燃料乙醇企業(yè)的健康持續(xù)發(fā)展。 ( 2)乙醇汽油的 儲運防水乙醇汽油遇水分層,無法采用低成本的管道輸送。國外燃料乙醇的運輸,普遍采用汽車、火車、輪船等成本較高的方式,并還要注意乙醇汽油儲運中防水。 ( 3)汽車技術(shù)及使用費用國外經(jīng)驗表明,燃料乙醇及靈活燃料汽車的價格,比傳統(tǒng)汽車高。清潔燃料汽車的初始價格與采用的技術(shù)方案有關(guān)。據(jù)有關(guān)資料,使用乙醇汽油后,汽車的油耗有所增加,發(fā)動機的動力性能有不同程度的下降;同時,乙醇汽油對汽車的油箱、化油器等部件的有色金屬、橡膠材料會有不同程度的腐蝕,汽車在使用乙醇汽油前,需要進(jìn)行適應(yīng)性調(diào)整,增加了費用。由于我國汽車型號復(fù)雜,出 廠年代跨度大,使用乙醇汽油帶來的問題就更為突出。乙醇汽油引起的汽車發(fā)動機磨損腐蝕,將會縮短汽車的使用壽命。只有加人相應(yīng)的乙醇汽油添加劑,才能解決問題。這就要求生產(chǎn)與使用成本低、使用安全的乙醇汽油或乙醇柴油燃料添加劑。 ( 4)乙醇汽油汽車醇醛排放乙醇汽油使用帶來醇醛排放增加的問題,也必須引起注意,并給以有效的解決。 ( 5)配套基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)燃料乙醇的商品化應(yīng)用,必須具備相應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,即要有配套的燃料供應(yīng)廠家、儲存及運輸設(shè)施、遍布全國的零售加油站、零部件供應(yīng)及維修網(wǎng)點。基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)所需的投資大,在幾種清潔代用燃 料中,使

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論