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高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法系列訓(xùn)練,從高考試題談名詞性從句考查及復(fù)習(xí),臨川一中高三英語備課組,名詞性從句主要起名詞所起的作用,它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 名詞性從句是中學(xué)階段的一個重要語法項目,在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到,并且每年的命題各有變化,但仔細分析高考試題不難看出,這一部分內(nèi)容主要從以下幾個方面進行考查。,I語序問題,在名詞性從句中,除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首外,其它部分應(yīng)用陳述句的語序,而考生們往往使用疑問句的語序,特別是在以wh-引起的名詞性從句中??朔@個問題的關(guān)鍵就是要找準從句的主語。 例如:,The photographs will show you _ (MET89) A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,解析答案:B。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作介詞like的賓語,所以不能用副詞how,排除C、D,而A項用了疑問句的語序,故選B項。再如:,He asked _ for a violin(MET92) A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,II用it 代替主語從句或賓語從句,為了使句子保持平衡,常用先行詞it來代替主語從句或賓語從句,而把主語從句或賓語從句放到后面,尤其是連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句常用于此種句式中,但what,whatever,whoever,whichever引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不后置。例如:,I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full(MET98) Ait Bthat Cthese Dthem,解析答案:A。此題考查了it作先行詞代替賓語從句,而把賓語從句放在句末。其它人稱代詞或指示代詞都不能代替從句。 再如:,Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?(MET91) Athis Bthat Che Dit,III關(guān)聯(lián)詞的區(qū)分,名詞性從句中關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選擇是非常重要的,所以在高考中更多的是考查關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選擇問題。而在關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選擇中,主要側(cè)重以下幾個方面的檢測。 (I)whether 和if 的區(qū)別以及whether,if 和that 的區(qū)別。 whether 和 if 在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時一般可以通用,但在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后面的賓語從句以及與or not 連用和置于句首時只能用whether,不能用if ;whether,if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句和 that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別在于: whether,if 引導(dǎo)的從句是由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的,含有疑問意義,而 that 引導(dǎo)的從句是由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的,不含有疑問意義。,例如: What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon(上海2001年春季招生) Awhen Bhow Cwhether Dwhy,解析答案:C。這是一個表語從句。根據(jù) doubt 一詞可知,所懷疑的應(yīng)是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。這句話的意思是“醫(yī)生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來。”,再如: 1. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.(MET92) Awhile Bthat Cif Dfor 2. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(NMET96) AIf BWhether CThat DWhere,(II)that 從句與 wh- 從句的區(qū)別: that連詞在從句中不作成分,不含有疑問意義,而wh-連詞在從句中作成分,且含有疑問意義。,1. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.(NMET96) A. What , what B. What , that C. That , that D. That , what,解析答案: A。此題考查了兩個名詞性從句, 因為從句中都缺賓語, 所以都應(yīng)選what不選that, that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不作成分。,2. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. (NMET94) A. how B. when C. that D. if,解析答案: A。根據(jù)答語He came by car可知, 問句應(yīng)是提問方式, 所以選擇A, how。,再如: _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.(NMET93) A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter,(III)what,which,who,when,where,how等引的名詞性從句與whatever,whichever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別:,后者引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義,相當于名詞后加一個定語從句,而前者引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都含有疑問意義。who / whom, whoever / whomever的選擇,要看關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句中是作主語還是作賓語而定,如果在從句中作主語只能選用 who / whoever,作賓語時用whom / whomever。,例如: 1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.(NMET97) A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever,解析答案: B。根據(jù)句意可以看出后面的從句應(yīng)是一個賓語從句,而從句中 wants 缺少賓語, 排除 A 和 D ,whichever 表示“無論哪一個, 無論哪些”, 應(yīng)表示一定范圍內(nèi)的人或物, 此處沒有涉及事物的范圍, 所以應(yīng)選 Bwhatever,表示“無論什么”。,2. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(MET88) A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,解析答案: C。此題不含有疑問意義, 所以用whoever 引導(dǎo)主語從句, 強調(diào)“無論誰”。whoever 在從句中作主語。,(IV) who, what, which, how, when, where之間的詞義區(qū)別以及whoever, whatever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever等之間的詞義區(qū)別。,這主要從兩個方面來區(qū)分:一是分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),看其在從句中作什么成分;二是理清其在句中的含義。,例如: 1. A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when,解析答案:C。根據(jù)語境,此處應(yīng)選一個賓語從句作do的賓語。因為賓語從句中to do后面缺少賓語,所以應(yīng)選Cwhat。這句話的意思是“計算機只能做你指示它做的事情?!?2. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which,解析答案:D。這是一個主語從句。主語從句中缺少表語。從上句的意思分析,應(yīng)是哪本書,所以要填which,這句話的意思是“我在某本書中讀到過有關(guān)這方面的內(nèi)容,是哪一本書重要嗎?”。,3. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? (NMET99) A. why B. when C. what D. where,解析答案: A。根據(jù)上句提供的語境,下句應(yīng)該問“那就是你為什么離開幾天的原因嗎?” 所以選A,why引導(dǎo)表語從句。,4. I still remember _ this used to be a quiet place.(NMET93) A. when B. how C. where D. what,解析答案: A。本題考查賓語從句。根據(jù)從句中缺少的句子成分是狀語, 排除D, what, 而B、C句意不通, 所以應(yīng)選A, when。本句的意思是“我仍然記得這里在什么時候是個寧靜的地方。”,5. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. (NMET92) A. where B. there C. there where D. where there,解析答案: A。本題考查了where 引導(dǎo)的表語從句的用法??忌菀渍`選C, 把 where 看成關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。但是 there 是副詞, 不能有定語從句修飾。,(IV) whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however 等與 no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how 的區(qū)別:,前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,而 no matter 加疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。,例如: 1. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who,解析答案: C; no matter 加疑問詞只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句, 不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句, 排除D, 而此處關(guān)聯(lián)詞在引導(dǎo)的從句中作主語, 所以不選B, 應(yīng)該選C, whoever。,2. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do. A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter,解析答案: C; 這是一個讓步狀語從句。這句話的意思是:“無論我給他多少勸告,他卻完全按他所想的去做。”不能填 how, 因為how 只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句, 不能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句, 此處 however 相當于 no matter how 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。,再如:,He will believe whatever others say. (不能用no matter what代替whatever) Whatever others say, he will believe it. (可以用no matter what代替whatever),另外,在名詞性從句的復(fù)習(xí)過程中,我們還須特別注意以下問題: 1主語從句 Whatever, whoever, whichever 引導(dǎo)的主語從句的區(qū)分。 whatever 相當于 anything that, 是 what 的強調(diào)形式,表示“無論什么”。例如: Whatever she does is ridiculous whoever 相當于anyone who, 是who 的強調(diào)形式,表示“無論誰;任何的人”。例如: Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold whichever“無論哪個; 無論哪些”, 既指人, 也指物; 可以單獨使用, 可以修飾名詞, 也可以后跟of 短語。例如: Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others Whichever book you borrow doesnt matter to us,2表語從句 reason 后面的表語從句只能用that引導(dǎo), 既不能用why也不能用because; 但reason后面的定語從句可以用why或者that引導(dǎo)。例如: The reason why we didnt trust him is that he has often lied. (表從) The reason that he gave us was not acceptable. (定從) 3同位語從句 能跟同位語從句的名詞。 idea, fact, news, desire, hope, report, suggestion, opinion, conclusion, problem, belief, explanation, thought, decision, doubt, demand, order, truth, recommendation, promise, information, knowledge, possibility等抽象名詞后面, 可以跟that或者連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句; 同位語從句只是對前面的名詞作進一步的解釋, 說明前面的名詞的具體含義。 例如:,引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞除了連詞that之外, 還有連接代詞或連接副詞what, how, when, where, why等。例如:,The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.,The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.,I have no idea what has happened to Jack.,He cant answer the question how he got the money.,We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their own,They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again,同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別: that作為關(guān)系代詞, 可以引導(dǎo)定語從句, 充當句子成分, 在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時, 起連詞的作用, 沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分, 一般不能省略。 試比較下面兩組例句: The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good. (that引導(dǎo)定語從句, 作賓語, 可以省略) The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句) I had no idea that you were here.(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句, 不能省略) Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece? (that引導(dǎo)定語從句, 作賓語, 可以省略),鞏固練習(xí),1.The question is _ the film is worth seeing Aif Bwhat Cwhether Dhow 2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right Athat what Bwhat that Cthat

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