現(xiàn)在分詞的主要句法功能歸納.doc

現(xiàn)在分詞的主要句法功能歸納適用學(xué)科英語(yǔ)適用年級(jí)高三適用區(qū)域全國(guó)課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)（分鐘）1課時(shí)/60分鐘知識(shí)點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)：掌握分詞的主要句法功能歸納方法：簡(jiǎn)明扼要的講解，并配套經(jīng)典習(xí)題的練習(xí)能力：提升對(duì)該現(xiàn)在分詞句法功能的熟練程度教學(xué)重點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)教學(xué)難點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)教學(xué)過(guò)程一、 課堂導(dǎo)入本堂知識(shí)是高考中比較重要的考點(diǎn)，也是各地?？嫉目键c(diǎn)，掌握好這張語(yǔ)法，不僅對(duì)做單選題有幫助，對(duì)于更好地理解完型、閱讀和寫(xiě)作文都有幫助。二、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)上一單元的知識(shí)點(diǎn)之后，以達(dá)到復(fù)習(xí)的效果。然后給學(xué)生一些相關(guān)的單選或其他類型題目，再老師沒(méi)有講解的情況下，讓學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考，給出答案與解釋，促進(jìn)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，同時(shí)老師也能發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的盲點(diǎn)，并能有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行后面的講課。三、知識(shí)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：分詞用作表語(yǔ)(1)有的用作表語(yǔ)的分詞具有形容詞性質(zhì)，有的甚至已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)主要表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)和特征，而動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)則主要是對(duì)主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和解釋：My job is interesting.我的工作很有趣。My job is teaching maths.我的工作是教數(shù)學(xué)。另外，動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)它可與主語(yǔ)交換位置，而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)則不可與主語(yǔ)交換位置：誤：Interesting is my job.正：Teaching maths is my job.還有，作表語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞不能帶賓語(yǔ)，而作表語(yǔ)用的動(dòng)名詞可以帶賓語(yǔ)(如上例)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：分詞用作定語(yǔ)單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)可以置于被修飾詞語(yǔ)之前，但若是分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)則應(yīng)置于被修飾名詞之后：There is a gentleman asking to see you.有一位先生要求見(jiàn)你。She bought a computer produced in China.她買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)中國(guó)生產(chǎn)的電腦。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：分詞用作狀語(yǔ):1【考查點(diǎn)】表時(shí)間Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.見(jiàn)到貓，老鼠就跑了。The work finished, he went home.工作做完后，他就回家了2【考查點(diǎn)】表原因：Being very weak, she couldnt move.她由于身體虛弱而不能行動(dòng)。His car broken down, he had to walk.他的車壞了，所以只好走路。Much discouraged，she moved on to London.她很沮喪，搬到了倫敦。3【考查點(diǎn)】表?xiàng)l件：United, we stand; divided, we fall.團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。Given more time, we could have done it better.如果多給點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我們可以做得更好。Working hard, you will succeed.如果努力工作，你就可以成功。Adding them all up, we can find the answer.如果把它們加起來(lái)，我們就可以得到答案。4【考查點(diǎn)】表讓步：Although living miles away, he attended the course.雖然住在幾英里以外，他仍去上課。Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.雖然被擊敗了，他仍是一個(gè)受歡迎的拳擊手。5【考查點(diǎn)】表方式：He earns a living driving a truck.他靠開(kāi)卡車謀生。Im returning you letter as requested.我按要求給你退信。6【考查點(diǎn)】表伴隨：He sat in the chair reading newspapers.他坐在椅子上看報(bào)。Dont you sit there doing nothing.別什么也不干坐在那里。He came in, followed by his wife.他走了進(jìn)來(lái)，后面跟著他的妻子。7【考查點(diǎn)】表結(jié)果：He fired, killing one of the passers-by.他開(kāi)槍了，打死了一個(gè)過(guò)路人。He died, leaving his wife with five children.他死了，留下他妻子和五個(gè)孩子。It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out.雨不停地下，車輛陷入泥沼，橋梁被水沖去。知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：分詞用作賓補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)We found him greatly changed.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他變化很大。I heard my name called.我聽(tīng)到有人叫我的名字。【注】比較以下兩句用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)與用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：I saw the children playing in the street.我看見(jiàn)孩子們?cè)诮稚贤?。I saw the children enter a shop.我看見(jiàn)孩子們進(jìn)了一家商店。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)詞在進(jìn)行，用動(dòng)詞原形表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。除動(dòng)詞see外，hear, notice, feel等動(dòng)詞也有類似區(qū)別。四、例題精析【例題1】Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,_ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent【答案】A【解析】表示伴隨。從 “were working”可以判斷是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，排除C?！纠}2】In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck【答案】B【解析】remain是高考的重點(diǎn)詞匯。當(dāng)它做系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面接過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)?！纠}3】The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _ it more difficultA not makeBnot to makeCnot making Ddo not make 【答案】B【解析】不定式否定式not to make與to make life easier具有強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比意義，在句中作表語(yǔ)。【例題4】 _ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached【答案】A【解析】考察現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示正在進(jìn)行或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。此時(shí)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是主句的主語(yǔ)，因此要注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的一致性。五、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】1I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 【答案】B 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在離開(kāi)辦公室前我記住了去關(guān)門(mén)，卻忘記了去關(guān)燈。remember doing “記得做過(guò)某事”；remember to do “記住去做某事”。句意表明用不定式做賓語(yǔ)。關(guān)閉，關(guān)掉，關(guān)上(水源、煤氣、電源等)；關(guān)掉(水龍頭等)；關(guān)掉(電器) 2 He had a wonderful childhood, _ with his mother to all corners of the worldA. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. Traveling【答案】D 【解析】主語(yǔ)（he）與動(dòng)詞travel之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用traveling作原因狀語(yǔ)。3、No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better _silent.A. remain B. be remainingC. having remained D. to remain【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：無(wú)論說(shuō)話者有多聰明者,有些時(shí)候最好保持沉默。不定式做主語(yǔ)。句中it做形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式to remain silent。 該句型總結(jié)為：it is +形容詞/名詞+to do/that。4Listen! Do you hear someone _ for help?A. calling B. call C. to call D. called【答案】A【解析】該空在句中為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)，根據(jù) someone與call的主動(dòng)關(guān)系排除D項(xiàng)。Hear后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)省略to，由此排除C項(xiàng)。由Listen可判斷此處表示正在求救，故選A項(xiàng)?！眷柟獭?Dina,_ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle【答案】C【解析】該空，分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)Dina與struggle為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除B項(xiàng)。由劇中的finally可知非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)took a position之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成主動(dòng)式。6 She cant help the house because shes busy making a cake(上海99)Ato cleanBcleaningCcleaned Dbeing cleaned【答案】A【解析】cant help to do sth 是不能幫忙做. Cant help doing sth 是情不自禁.7 He agreed here but so far he hasnt turned up yet(NMET95)Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met【答案】C【解析】agree to do sth 為固定搭配，考查的是動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)【拔高】8You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting -Well, now I regret that(NMET95) Ato do Bto be done Cto have done Dhaving done 【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。regret to do 表示因要做某事而遺憾(事情還沒(méi)有做),regret doing 表示后悔做了某事(為已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事而感到.) 9、The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：那老人每晚都坐在電視機(jī)前，高興地觀看上演的節(jié)目?！耙涎莸娜魏喂?jié)目”是一個(gè)將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以用不定式；D項(xiàng)表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作不符合語(yǔ)境。ha