高中英語重點詞匯精講.doc

_高中英語重點詞匯精講abandon: vt.放棄，遺棄 abandon medicine for literature 棄醫(yī)從文； desert:遺棄，拋棄 on a deserted island.ability: n 能力，才能：have the ability to do=be capable of doing有能力做able: adj.有能力的：an able leader; be able to與can的區(qū)別：can只有現(xiàn)在 (can)和過去 (could)兩種形式，而be able to可有各種時態(tài)。（詳見情態(tài)動詞）。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone _get out. A . could B. was able to C. can D. must (B)aboard: adv./prep在船（飛機，車）上. Aboard=on board; All aboard!請上船；開船啦。 Welcome aboard!請上船（飛機，車）about: prt./adv.在周圍，在身邊；關(guān)于(on更嚴肅，正式)；大約：be about to do. (=be at/on the point of doing.)即將做。后不能接 soon, at once等時間狀語； How about +doing/名詞/代詞/句子等 .=What about.做 .好嗎？ I have no money about me. Have you heard of the story about Shakespeare?about two yeas=two years pr so =some two yearsAll the mariners _died except the one who shot the bird left to tell his story to others, which was described in the poem called “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.” A. on a board B. on aboard C. on boards D. aboardabroad: adv. be (go/live/travel) abroad; come (return ) from abroad; both at home and abroad在國內(nèi)外；be all abroad離題，不中肯absence: n. absent: adj. 不在，缺席；不在意的： He will be absent at the meeting from Beijing.（不在北京） He will be absent at the meeting in Beijing.（外出在北京）Absence of mind心不在焉；反義詞：present出席的，在場的，用法和 absent一樣，但作定語要后置 (n.禮物，at present 目前) _got a present at the party. (A) A. All present B. Present all C. All presentingabsorb: vt.吸收（聲音，光線，液體等），吸收，理解（知識等）；Be absorbed in全神貫注于。 I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear you call.academic:學(xué)院的，學(xué)校的，學(xué)業(yè)的。academic levels/challenges:學(xué)業(yè)水平/學(xué)習(xí)中的挑戰(zhàn)。accident: 意外;incident:小事件，政治事變或事件by accident=by chance偶然accept:承認，接受（主觀），receive: 收到（表客觀），accept A as B 承認 A 是 B, He was accepted as an excellent teacher at last. Yesterday he did _an invitation, but he refused to _it . (B 、A) A. accept B. receiveaccess: 進入，接近(to), have access to: 有權(quán)進入.,能夠使用到. accessible adj. 可以使用（或得到）的。能進入的。Sth .be accessable to sb. 某人容易使用到account: account for解釋，描述。On account of因為 take account of考慮到。accuse;指控,指責(zé)。Accuse sb. Of sth指控某人犯；be accused of被指控犯。achieve: 完成,取得,達到achieve ones work/success/ones goal; achieve the goal of doing達到. 目標(biāo)。achievements:成就，成績 He achieved/gained great/brilliant achievements in writing novels.acquire:學(xué)習(xí)（一般指天生的習(xí)得）； 而learn指課堂學(xué)習(xí)。English acquired ability.across: 橫穿而過（從物體表面）；through:穿過（從物件內(nèi)部）；over:跨過（從物體上方）；past:經(jīng)過（從物件旁邊）；along:經(jīng)過（從物體邊沿） He went _the river and didnt find a boat to go _ it. A. over, across B. along, across C. along, over D. past, throughact: vi.行為，演出，Vt.擔(dān)當(dāng)，演角色 (=play the part of) n.法令,條例 act as=work as=serve as擔(dān)當(dāng),充當(dāng) Who will _Shakespeare in the film? A. act B. act as C. play a part pf (A) action. n.行為,行動,措施 take actions 采取行動, take measures 采取措施active: adj.積極的,活躍的 take(an) active part in積極參加, be active in sth./doing sth.在 方面很積極。live/lead an active life過著活躍的生活。actual: 現(xiàn)實的，實際的（現(xiàn)實存在，不是想象中的）；real:真實的（不是假的）rue:真實的（不是 in actual life, a real gold ring, a true story actually: adv.實際上，確實 =in fact/in reality/ as a matter of fact =reallyadapt:（使適應(yīng)。dapt (oneself) to（使適應(yīng). adapt A for B:把 A改編/改寫/改造成adapt from根據(jù)改編。add: vt.加 add to把加到上 Two _to three makes five. A. added B. adding C. is added D. being added (A) add to增加, (=increase) The bad weather added to our difficulties. add up把 加Please add up all the figures. add up to合計為=come to =amount to addict: vt.使沉溺, be/ get addicted to對上癮 The young man gets addicted to drugs.address: n 地址 v 寄.=post he addressed a letter to me.adjust: adjust (oneself)to 使自己適宜于； adapt to適應(yīng)于=agree withadmire: admire sb. For (doing) sth. 因而欽佩某人;envy: 妒忌,羨慕envy sb. sth. admit: vi/vt. admit(to) sth. 承認 admission n. 讓進入,接納admit ab. to/into允許某人進入be admitted to school/ hospital,允許進入, admit doing sth.允許做承認做 admit+從句admtt of=allow of容許有The matter admits of no delay. 容納=hold=seat The room can admit 200 persons. adopt: 采納,接受(=accept), 收養(yǎng)。 adopt ones suggestion.advance: advance towards a place:向前進 advance in sth.在方面有增長; advance to a place: 到達;advance on/upon逼近,進攻; in advance:提前 =ahead of time; in advance of在之前,比前進。 Advancing=developing: 發(fā)展中的， advanced:發(fā)達的，高級的，進步的。advantage: 優(yōu)點，好處take advantage of利用=make use of; have/ take an advantage over others 對有優(yōu)勢 。disadvantage: 不足,可數(shù)名詞。advice: 忠告，勸告（不可數(shù)）， tip:勸告，可數(shù)，a piece of advice一條勸告，give sb. some advice on( how to do) sth就給某人提建議, take/follow ones advice 采納某人的建議, ask (sb.) for advice 征詢某人的建議, do sth. on ones advice按某人的建議做 advise: v.(BE)=advice v.(AE) advise sb. to do sth. 勸某人做, advise sb. not to do sth=advise sb. against doing sth.勸/建議某人不要做, advise doing sth. 建議做;但suggest可用suggest: (ones/sb.) doing sth,不用suggest sb. to do sth. I _the lady go there at once. A. suggested B. advised C. hoped D. wished (A)affair:泛指 “事務(wù),事情,事件”, affairs:表重大 “事務(wù)或事態(tài)”;event:指有重大意義的歷史事件; business:生意,公事 on/in business, go into business; matter問題 Business before pleasure. There are several matters to be dealt with at the meeting.affect :vt. 影響effevt n. have an effect on=affect對有影響.have no/much/great/littleeffect on/upon 對什么沒有/有很大/重大/很小,幾乎沒有影響. effective adj.有效的afford: 負擔(dān)起(的費用)可接名詞,代詞或to do,常與can. could, be able to連用于否定句或問句中. his poor family cant afford his education. I cant afford to buy a car at present. 抽得出時間=spare但 spare 可spare sb. +時間He cant afford time for the cinema. I can spare you two hours.我能為你抽出兩個小時. 提供 afford sb. sth. = offer sb. sth. /offer sth. to sb. =supply sth to/for sb./supply sb. With sth.=provide sb. With sth./provide sth for/to sb. Failure afford us experience.afraid: be afraid to do害怕做,be afraid of (doing) sth.擔(dān)心做be afraid+ 句子,be afraid not/so恐怕不行/恐怕如此(對句子的省略回答). I dont want to be a waitress because Im afraid _ dishes frequently. A. on breaking B. to break (A)after: 表過去一段時間以后或?qū)砟硞€時刻以后,反義詞是before 指從過去算起時間以前或?qū)砟硞€時刻以前;而 指將來一段時間以后,反義詞是ago指從現(xiàn)在算起一段里頭以前. after all畢竟,終究, above all首先,最重要的是(作 入語),指重要性; first of all 首先,最重要的是, 指順序或重要性, in all = in total= altogether總共, at all根本. we cant blame him for what he did; _ he is a child. A. at all B. in all C. after all D. above all (C) agree: agree to sth. 同意, 成(plan/arrangement/suggestion/ agree woth sb.(或decision, view, opinion,或某人的話)同意, 成; 與一致,適合(天氣,食物等)he moved to biijing because he _ the weather here. (A) A. didnt agree with B. wasnt suitable for C. wasnt fit for D. didnt agree to agree to do sth.同意, 成做 agree on sth.在.取得一致 agree+句子,同意反義詞: disagree,名詞:agreement:契約,協(xié)議 reach/come to/ arrive at/make an agreement withon sth. 與就.達成協(xié)議.aid: do/ give/ offer first aid to sb =do/give/ offer sb. first aid對某人進行急救; go 援救某人aim: n./v.目標(biāo),目的,瞄準(zhǔn) take aim at=aim at瞄準(zhǔn)目的在于 aim sth at sth用什么瞄準(zhǔn)什么東西, aim your gun at., 用槍瞄準(zhǔn)aimat旨在; aim to do sth 目的在于做 china has long been a leader in the field of genetic research _ at imporoving agriculture. A. aimed B. aiming C. to aim (A) he has aimed at entering a key university. air : in the air在空中,在流傳, 懸而未決 ; on the air在廣播中; by air乘飛機等 (=by plane)l in the open air在野外 vt.使通風(fēng),晾干 air your clothesall: all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等是總括含義代詞形容詞和副詞等,與否定詞not 連用,構(gòu)成部分否定,表示 “不都,并非都”.而全否定要用no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no long, no way等,表示否定意義的詞與肯定式謂語一起使用構(gòu)成 “全部否定”. allow : allow doing允許做. allow sb. to do.允許某人做 Students arent allowed _in school. A. to smoke B. smoking (A) allow for 考慮到，體諒，顧及。 It takes about an hour to get there, allowing for possible traffic delays. allow of 容許，容得 the meeting allows of no delay. allow sb. sth. 同意給某人.alive: loving, lovely ,lovely, alive, live的區(qū)別: alive adj. “ 活著的”,作后置定語,表語,補足語等,不作前置定語; kept sth olive live:作定語, “活的,有生命的,活生生的,生機勃勃的,燃著的,實況轉(zhuǎn)播的”,還可作動詞, a live fish, live coal燃著的煤, a live football match 一場直播的足球; a live young man一個生機勃勃的年輕人; living adj. “有生命的,活著的”,作前置定語或表語(還可作名詞 make a living),修飾人或物, living beings/things生物; lively: “生動的,活躍的,充滿生氣的” a lively and interesting class; lovely adj.可愛的 a lovely girl. While a person is asleep, a part of his brain is still _. A. active B. alive C. awake D. aware (A) Language is a _ and continually changing thing. A. live B. alive C. lively D. living (D) almost:“幾乎”=nearly,但almost不能位于very后;nearly不能和any, no, none, never, nothing 等連用,not nearly “決不,遠非”= far from; almost not “幾乎不” I am far from _ with what he said. (A) A. satisfied B. satisfying C. being satisfiedalone: adj. “單獨的”,作表語或補足語,表客觀事實; lonely: “孤獨的,荒涼的,偏僻的”,可帶感情色彩. adv.單獨地,獨自alone=on ones own= by oneself 單獨地, leave sb. alone別打擾某人,把某人單獨下 The old man lives alone in a lonely house, but he doesnt feel lonely because he can make a living alone.aloud: 出聲(側(cè)重,由無聲到有聲) loud 大聲地(側(cè)重聲音由低到高). Please speak loud. I cant hear you clearly.although: conj. 雖然 =though,不與 but, so, and 連用,可與yet, still連用. Although:常位于句首,不用倒裝; though:位于句中或句首,可倒可不倒裝; as常位于句首,要倒裝(即副詞,形容詞,省冠詞的名詞,動詞原形提前),它們都接句子; in spite of=despite 是介詞短語,接名詞或動名詞. _ getting high marks in the examinations, he is still working hard. A. In spite of B. Although C. Though D. In case ofamaze: vt.使感到非常吃驚. amaze sb. be amazed at sth 對感到吃驚. be amazed to do sth I was amazed+句子. amazing 表示令人驚奇的事物; amazed 表示人感到驚奇.among:在之間(多者); between: 在之間(兩者); between A and Banother: 泛指多者中另外 “一個或幾個” three more boys=another three boys; the other兩者中另外 “一個” onethe other一個另一個;the others=the other+可復(fù): “另外 一些”,指全部; others=other+可復(fù): “另外一些”,指部分 I need _students to help me carry the books besides Tom and Peter. A. three other B. three another C. another three D. other three (C)answer: 答復(fù),回答answer the letter/door/phone/question, answer for 對負責(zé),受到報應(yīng),answer a question=reply to a question; an answer/ a key to 的答案anxious: adj.渴望的,憂慮的(anxiety n.) be anxious to do sth. 急切做,be anxious for/ about. .為擔(dān)心,be anxious+句子(虛擬語氣);be eager to do sth. 渴望做;look forward to doing sth.盼望做.apologize: apologize (to sb.) for doing sth./ sth.=make an apology (to sb.) for doing sth./ sth.為向某人道歉. appear: 出現(xiàn),顯露, the sun appeared out of the black cloud. 來到,露面( He didnt appear until the meeting almost ended. 看來(好像) It appears/seems to sb. that+句子= sb. appears/seems to do sth.(此結(jié)構(gòu)一般不用look) appear指從外表上看好象(=look); 而 seem指實質(zhì)上看好象 He appears to have known the news =it appears that he has known the news. The plane appears stronger inside than outside. (不用seem) appearance: n.出現(xiàn),來到,外貌,面貌 The old building affects the appearance of the city.apply: applyto把應(yīng)用于 We should apply the theory to practice. apply to適用于 This kind of books doesnt apply to children. apply (to sb.) for 向某從請求/申請 When you have any question, please apply to me for help. appilication n.approach: v.靠近,接近.與.打交道(about);著手處理 n.靠近,接近(of);通道,入口(to);方法(to)argue:爭吵,爭辯.著重就自己的看法或立場提出論證和別從辯論;而quarrel:爭吵,吵架.表示因不同意或不喜歡而產(chǎn)生的強烈的爭論或爭吵; debate: 辯論,爭論. argument: n. argue about sth. 爭吵(關(guān)于) argue with sb.同爭吵 argue for/against贊成/反對argue with ab. about/over sth.與某從爭論某事,為與某人爭吵 argue ab. Into doing sth.persuade sb. into doing.說服某人做.= persuade sb. to do sth. argue sth. 對某事爭論 argue that-clause:主張,認為arrange: vt/vi.安排,籌劃.arrange sth. For sb. 為安排.; arrange with sb. about/ for與商定某事.arrange to do sth安排做.;arrange that+句子.arrive: vi. 到達arrive at/ in(大地方用in,小地方用at)=get to(接home, here, there,省to)=reac(常指努力到達) 得出arrive at/ come to a conclusion/decision得出結(jié)論,做出決定. arrival n. 到達,來到.as: conj.像一樣,表比較 asas, not so as修飾形容詞可單時,形容詞提到冠詞前,這點和that, how, too 等一樣;但like是介詞. He does his work as his father does (like his father). He is _as Mary. A. as good a student B. so good a student C. too good a student D. as a good student (A) 表方式, “按照,如同”You must to everything as I tell you. 表時間, “當(dāng)時”, “隨著”,和When, while 的區(qū)別:while:當(dāng)時,和同時(謂語噗延續(xù)性動詞),而(并列連詞),雖然(從屬連詞=although); when:當(dāng)時表 “突然”. as(he was) a young man, he joined the army. As time goes on, I love her more and more. 表原因,與because, since, now that, for, 的區(qū)別:as表直接原因, because表真正原因,since和now that表明顯的已成事實的原因, for 表推斷, 表讓步, “雖然,盡管”和 though, although 的區(qū)別(略) 關(guān)系代詞,the same()as, such()as, asas, as is well known to us all, as we expect.My home town is no longer the same as it was.As is known to us allm china is a large country with a long history. so as to /soas to 以至于 He raised his voice so as to be heard. so/ as far as 遠到,就而論,據(jù).所知,as for至于 (=as to), 就方面說; as usual 像平常一樣; as it is/ was 事實上,既然如此; as it were 乎可以說是. As it is, we can hardly get to the station by 6 oclock. The book gives, as it were, a pocture of the evil old society.as soon as= immediately/ the miment/the minute/directly/instantly+句子.就.,當(dāng)時.as/so long as =on condition that只要, as though=as if 好像; as many as+(句子或可復(fù)或和一樣多,多達; as much as+(句子,不可數(shù),重量,價格,數(shù)量等); as long as長達; as far as 遠到,就而論. He has stayed here as many as ten years and earned as much as ten thousand pounds.as well as也,又,還有 He knows English as well. He as well as I is going to Beijing next month.is + 倍數(shù)/分數(shù) +as + adj./adv.+ as=is +倍數(shù)/分數(shù)+比較級+ than=is +倍數(shù)/分數(shù) (double./twice兩倍 ) +the size/length/depth/width of This railway is double the length of that one=os two times as long as=is once longer thanashamed: adj.慚愧,害臊be/feel ashamed to do sth.= be/feel ashamed of doing sth.對做某事感到慚愧,be/feel ashamed for sb. 替某人感到慚愧, be/ feel ashamed that+ 句子,be ashamed of oneself為自己感到害臊 I feel ashamed of not having done much for the people like Lei Feng.ask: ask sb. a question 問某人問題 ask sb. (not) to do叫某人不做, ask/ inrite sb. to a meeting請某人到會. ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物(求某事) =ask s You should ask your parents for permission at first. ask a favor of sb.要求某人幫忙 ask after問候,探問 We should often ask after our parents health. ask for要求,求同 The boys mother asked for his head teacher about his studiesastonish: vt. 使驚訝(surpriseamazeastonishshock)它們的用法結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,be surprised at sth, 對.感到吃驚,be surprised to do sth. 因做感到吃驚.(surprising, surprised 區(qū)別)attempt:attend: 出席,參加 (=be present at) ,照料 (care for=look after=take care of), 上(學(xué)) =go to The nurse attended the patient patiently. attend to專心于,致力于 The student attends to hos studies every day. attention n. pay attention to (doing) sth.注意., draw/ attract ones attention 引起某人的注意. hold ones attention on 將注意力集中于attract: v. 吸引,attract/draw ones attention. 吸引某人的注意.attractive adj.=striking. 吸引人的 average: adj. /n. 平均(的) on (the/ an) average 平均來說; above/ below (the ) average平均水平以上/以下.Their average age is 20avoid: v.避免,躲開,逃避. avoid sth/ doing sth.避免(做)awake: awoke awoke/awaked: 醒的,清醒的,警覺的,意識到的作后置定語或表語, be aeake醒著的 is he asleep or awake? Be awake to意識到 =awake to= realize=be aware of vi./ vt 喚醒,醒來=wake up, 但awake 可指 “使覺醒,覺醒,意識到”=awaken 表抽象意義. The national spirit is awaken. He didnt awake to the danger.aware: adj.意識到的 be aware of 知道,意識到=realize; be aware that/wh.away: go away走開; run away 跑開; break away from 脫離.破除; throw away 扔掉; blow away 刮走; clear away 把清除掉; drive away 開走; get away from離開某地,逃離; wash away沖走; send away 趕走,開除; take away帶走; put away收好,儲存; turn away 離開,把打發(fā)走; keep away from 遠離; give away捐贈. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _from home and earn some money on his own. A. run away B. take away C. keep away D. get away (D) Bback: adj.后面的； n . 背部,背后; adv. 回原處,向后; v. (使)倒退 The driver backed his car a little. back and forth =to and from來來往往,前后 In spring we can see birds flying back and forth. at the back of在的后面(范圍內(nèi)外都可),而 in front of在前面(范圍外), in the front of (范圍內(nèi)); at the head of 在的前頭; back不能與return, repay等連用. return=come back,bad: 壞的,腐爛的,不正確的,嚴重的go from bad to worse愈來愈糟, have a bad/hard time 日子艱難,be bad/poor at成績不好, be bad for=be harmful for 對有害,catch a bad cold重感冒,feel bad感到不舒服,go bad開始變壞 badly: adv. 壞地,惡劣地,嚴重地,(=seriously),非常(=very/extremely/highly) I want the new pen badly.bargain: bargain with sb. about /over/ for sth.與某人討價還價買 =make a bargain with sb. over sth. (經(jīng)過討價還價以后)成交的商品,便宜貨Its a bargain.base: n.基礎(chǔ),基地,根據(jù)地 an air base空軍基地, make London the base for his work. vt. 基于,以為根據(jù)(baseon/upon; be based on),但based on以為基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)=according to =depending on=relying on,常用來作狀語或定語. On the base of以為基礎(chǔ). Scientific theories must be based on facts. The film was made _on a true love story. (B) A. to be based B. based C. basing D. base basic:基本的,基礎(chǔ)的; formed the basis for形成了的基礎(chǔ). basis: n.基礎(chǔ),通常表比喻用法.beat: (心臟)跳動,打敗(=defeat)人或隊伍,敲打(連續(xù)擊打);hie:重擊(一次性),襲擊(=strike); 獲勝(比賽,辯論,戰(zhàn)斗,獎牌等);attack進攻 vt/n. Our team beat theirs and won the match.A storm _the city amd caused many deaths. A. hit B. strike C. beat D. attacked (A) because: 連詞,接句子 Our teacher got angry be